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PR2 Chap 1 3
PR2 Chap 1 3
A Research Paper
Presented to the Faculty of Senior High School Department
Accounting, Business and Management Strand
Notre Dame – Siena College of General Santos City
In Partial Fulfilment
Of the Requirements
In Practical Research 2
December 2023
CHAPTER I
THE PROBLEM AND ITS SETTING
This chapter presents the problem and the setting of the research study.
This chapter consists of seven parts that are cited in order, namely: 1.)
Introduction, which indicates the background and purpose of the study; 2.)
Statement of the problem, which specifies the problems in the study; 3.) Scope
and Delimitation, which determines the coverage and limitation of the study; 4.)
Significance of the study, which defines the benefits that may be gathered from
the results of the study; 5.) Definition of terms, which provide the conceptual and
Framework, which supplies the theories that serves as the foundation of the
Introduction
personal, social, and financial issues. Generally, stress is not caused by a single
factor. It could be the result of multiple factors causing stress at the same time.
Poverty and financial crises are major stressors for many people. Financial stress
financial stress can lead to depression and anxiety, poor health, difficulties in
stress.
causes them to prioritize jobs over education, and prevents them from advancing
in their careers. Many kids in the local community are affected by financial issues
that cause financial hardship. This financial burden has the potential to limit not
just their immediate educational experiences, but also their future chances and
prospects.
high school, are not invulnerable to financial issues, despite the fact that they are
usually associated with adults in their daily lives. As a result, high school students
significant impact on their overall health, academic success, and prospects for
future financial stability. Financial stress can affect anyone, but it may be more
2023).
Santos City and investigate the coping mechanisms and strategies they employ
inform teachers, parents, and lawmakers about the support systems needed to
The data for the study will be collected through surveys issued to Grade
stressors that students face, the coping techniques they employ, their academic
achievement, and their overall mental well-being. Following that, the data will be
these students.
order to obtain all of the necessary knowledge and information, the researchers
coping mechanisms.
This research only aims to examine the financial stress factors and coping
Siena College of General Santos City. This study will revolve solely on the main
problems presented beforehand, and anything beyond that is outside the scope
of this study. Furthermore, this research will only gather data within the walls of
Notre Dame – Siena College of General Santos City, specifically within the Grade
and properly through a premade set of questions collected and organized into a
questionnaire. The information gathered will only revolve around these questions,
and the data interpreted from this research will only base on the answers of the
questionnaire. Other questions, answers, and conclusions, that are not included
as outside the scope of this study. The data will be collected during the face-to-
face classes of the students in Notre Dame – Siena College of General Santos
City.
senior high school students and provide insights that can lead to improve
researchers believe that the result of the study will benefit the following:
of the situation make the school experience less financially stressful for students,
environment.
To the Teachers – Teachers can use the findings of the study to create a
To the Parents – Parents can gain insights into their children’s financial
concerns and how they deal with them, allowing them to seek help when
research and help everyone understand how financial stress affects students and
settings, as well as a useful reference for their work. It lays the groundwork for
students.
Definition of Terms
The following are the terms used in this research with their conceptual
course grades and grading point average (Matalka & Dwakat, 2022).
actions that Grade 11 senior high school students of ND-SCGSC use to deal with
financial difficulties and pressures faced by senior high school students in Grade
related factors.
well-being. The adaptability with which a person can cope with everyday
psychological state of the Grade 11 Senior High School students in Notre Dame
Theoretical Framework
having many key components, this research only focuses on few that are
describes how one regulates his or her own actions, reactions, and behaviours,
and Observational learning which describes how an individual learns from his or
between the person, their behaviour, and the environment, as seen on the figure
concept of financial stress, as well as the factors that affect it and the coping
mechanisms that are a result of these factors came to be. As the foundation of
this research, the model states that the behaviour of a person, which in this case
result of financial stress, the person adapts to its environment and creates coping
mechanisms to adjust. Each one of these elements affect each other in a way
that if one of them changes, it will affect how they will interact with each other
Conceptual Framework
Facing financial problems makes life very tough because people can't
afford the things they need or want, and it's especially hard for students.
Students who don't have much money, needs to think a lot before buying things
for school projects because spending money will make their financial situation
even more difficult. Students dealing with financial stress experiences worry, fear,
and anxiety about their finances. This stress can even lead to physical problems
like trouble sleeping, headaches, and feeling tired all the time. When students
don't have enough money, it's tough for them to pay for school fees and projects
because these things cost a lot. This can make it harder for them to do well in
school. All this stress doesn't just affect students' grades; it also takes a toll on
their mental health. It can make them feel really depressed or anxious. In this
study, the researchers want to figure out what exactly is causing financial stress
General Santos City and how they cope with these tough situations. The goal is
to understand the challenges students face and find ways to help them manage
Academic Performance
Financial Stress
and Mental Well-Being
As a result, the researchers theorize that the financial stress can affect the
CHAPTER II
resources both from books in libraries and journals in the internet. Those that
were included in this chapter helps in familiarizing information that are relevant
happens when it's tough to handle basic money responsibilities because there's
not enough money. Facing this situation makes the risk of becoming homeless
higher and can harm a person's health and mental well-being. It's no surprise
that having a low income is a big reason for dealing with financial stress. When
there's not enough money coming in, it creates problems that go beyond just the
bills. It can lead to more stress, anxiety, and even impact a person's physical and
mental health.
temporary escape from anxiety, these methods are detrimental to both physical
and mental health and can exacerbate stress in the long term.
poor academic performance, and poor well-being. Financial stress is one of the
stressors that may have an impact on a person’s life in many different ways. A
few students are already experiencing financial difficulties, which has an impact
achievement, bad health, and trouble completing their degrees (Prescott, 2016).
Factors of Financial Stress
like they must take more responsibility for the household when faced with
financial challenges. It's like they're dealing with more stress because they have
to handle things like chores and money matters that they might not have had to
worry about before. This added responsibility may, in turn, create additional
difficult to manage their finances effectively. This can lead to poor financial
the ability to understand and effectively use various financial skills, including
financial literacy are more likely to make poor financial decisions, such as buying
and overspending on unnecessary things and not saving. These decisions can
Another factor of financial stress is the rising tuition costs of the students.
Skagerberg, et al. (2022) said that as the cost of college rises and the burden of
student loans increases, more students drop out from school, fueling the idea
that getting an education isn’t worth it. The rising cost of tuition has a number of
negative consequences for students, it can make it more difficult for students to
afford to go to school.
various corners of the world and diverse backgrounds are confronting financial
stress and uncertainty. Such financial challenges can significantly impact mental
and physical well-being, relationships, and the overall quality of life. It also
discusses and emphasizes the strategies that can assist in breaking this cycle,
stress can have a detrimental impact on students' mental and physical health.
The constant worry about finances can lead to increased anxiety, depression,
exacerbate existing mental health conditions, making it more difficult for students
to manage their symptoms and cope with the challenges of college life. The
pressure to maintain good grades while managing finances can lead to feelings
engagement in class. The stress of managing finances can also disrupt sleep
have shown that students experiencing financial stress are more likely to receive
lower grades, miss classes, and withdraw from courses altogether. The pressure
to make ends meet can also lead students to prioritize finding or working part-
time work over academic pursuits, reducing the time and energy they can devote
exercise has been associated with lowering stress levels. Additionally, exploring
at some point in their lives. Navigating through this stress can be overwhelming,
especially when one is uncertain about where to start. He suggested that it's
professionals are equipped with the expertise to offer planning services and
reliance on one source of income. One of the children, the mother, or the father
in their household makes a fixed salary. Even if several family members have
part-time jobs to supplement their meager income, they still require more to meet
their basic demands. In this situation, students who require a daily allowance
may choose to work part-time jobs even at low pay in order to have some cash of
their own. They develop coping mechanisms to make ends meet to survive their
financial dilemma.
financial difficulties: the reliance on a single income source within the family,
whether it be a fixed salary from the mother or the father. This corresponds to the
part-time jobs, reflect the adaptive measures that are the focus of our study.
The study of Norazlan, et al. (2020) entitled “The Financial Problems and
concluded that students from wealthy backgrounds, where parents could afford
to give their kids money, may receive an ad-hoc weekly or monthly allowance
from their parents, which enables them to handle their finances and prevents
on the other hand, are forced to rely entirely on the education loans for which
they have applied, cut back on spending—some even having to skip meals in
order to save money. Paying for basic expenses like housing, food, and school
KwaZulu-Natal” stated that students who come from backgrounds with fewer
advantages face challenges when moving from their familiar settings to diverse
and demanding educational institutions. Their disadvantaged backgrounds bring
Connecting this to our study about money stress and ways to handle it
understand and deal with money stress factors in different educational settings. It
afford the rising cost of education, students turn to borrowing and, as a result,
report having completed their degree with some form of debt. Recent national
surveys show that college students’ debt and other related financial situations are
one of the leading causes of stress. Finances were ranked as the second largest
Health Assessment.
As the investigation delves into the financial challenges faced by senior
expenses may lead students to adopt coping strategies like seeking financial
financial concerns among Grade 11 students could impact not only their current
academic journey but also have lasting effects, resembling the trends observed
Being,” financial stress can make it tough for students to move forward in their
studies. It might stop them from buying the books they need, make them choose
work over school, and stand in the way of reaching their career goals. Dealing
with money problems doesn’t just affect grades; it can affect the bigger picture of
stress could potentially hinder access to crucial study materials, prompt a shift in
priorities towards work, and act as a deterrent to the pursuit of their career
General Santos City navigate financial stress and devising tailored coping
Health & its Coping Mechanism,” it was said that financial stress is a common
problem affecting every household to some degree. Recent studies have found
that the risks of several significant health problems increase when people worry
about their financial situation. Financial stress can have a direct impact on the
students’ family’s health also. Financial stress not only affects the ability to
function and avoid bad habits, it also affects a person’s ability to think clearly.
stress, potentially affecting health and cognitive abilities. This reinforces the
financial stress and its potential impact on the health and overall functioning of
Financial Stress on Students’ Academics” stated that worse grades and fewer
credit hours are obtained by students who are susceptible to financial hardship.
Due to financial difficulties or concerns, the students who had this kind of
disruption in their studies were more stressed about their personal finances and
were advised to think about lowering their course loads or taking a semester off.
It was shown that students who thought their academic performance was
College in General Santos City. The study highlights how financial stress affects
practices and it also focus attention on the significance of providing financial help
to students.
Financial Stress and Coping Strategies Among Students in Rift Valley University,
Ethiopia,” indicated that financial stress has the potential to adversely impact
less effective coping strategies that young adult students could employ to handle
the adverse effects of financial stress. The aim of this study was to evaluate the
financial stress experienced by students and to explore the strategies they utilize
This study was related to the researchers as this study delves around the
critical topic of Financial Stress and Coping Strategies among Students. Their
authors investigate the intricate factors influencing financial stress among college
perceptions. Notably, the study suggests that alleviating financial stress and
outcomes.
Their study provides insights into the causes of financial stress, like
knowing about money and having enough resources, which can apply to the high
school context. It also explores how students cope with financial stress, which is
knowledge and resources from their study can guide them interventions.
In the study conducted by Slavich and Irwin (2014) with the title “From
coping resources they reviewed. They also looked at appraisal and coping
Additionally, they discussed the neural foundations of coping that may provide
coping resources and processes in genes, early life experiences, and gene-
environment interactions.
CHAPTER III
METHODOLOGY
This chapter aims to explain and present the methods that will be used by
researchers to achieve the purpose of the study. This chapter includes the
and analysing numerical data. It can be used to identify patterns and averages,
the design of this study. The most appropriate approach for this study is the
descriptive research design as the study aims to investigate the financial stress
factors and coping mechanisms among the Grade 11 Senior High School
PROCESS
INPUT OUTPUT
• Draft a questionnaire 1. Assess the level of
factors of financial
• Deliver the
questionnaire to be
stress, its effects, and
Financial reviewed by the validator coping mechanisms of
Grade 11 senior high
Stress • Revise the school students.
questionnaire
Figure 3 shows the research design which contains the process that this
study will undergo. Under the input bar is the dependent and independent
variables. The process bar contains the processes the researchers will undergo
to collect the data needed. Lastly, the output bar contains the desired outcomes
of the researchers.
Research Locale
Santos City during the academic year 2022-2023. Notre Dame-Siena College in
General Santos City is a prestigious private Catholic school known for its
outstanding students and the high quality of education it provides. This school is
located in General Santos City, South Cotabato, Philippines. The researchers will
conduct this study at Notre Dame-Siena College in General Santos City not only
because it is where the respondents study, but also because it emphasises the
study's local relevance. The research focuses on a specific school in order to
address issues and concerns that are directly relevant to the students at Notre
Dame-Siena College in General Santos City. This focused approach ensures that
the findings are not only academically significant but also practically relevant to
Research Respondents
methods where units are chosen based on attributes that are necessary for your
sample. Put differently, purposive sampling involves “on purpose” unit selection.
Also referred to as judgmental sampling, this sampling technique depends on the
will yield the most information in order to meet the goals of the study
(Nikolopoulou, 2023).
deviant case sampling, critical case sampling, total population sampling, and
expert sampling. In this research, the researchers will use total population
purposive sampling technique that involves examining the entire population that
of General Santos City were selected using the total population sampling. The
researchers believes that they are enough to meet the needed data and
information in this study. Here are all the grade 11 students of Notre Dame-Siena
Perpetual Help with 39 respondents, and d) Our Lady of the Rosary with also 39
respondents. Next is from the Humanities and Social Sciences strand, e) Our
and Management.
Research Instrument
The researchers will use an online survey questionnaire to gather data for
this study. They will use a self-made questionnaire to extract the proper and
questionnaire will consist of three (3) parts: Part I: Source of Financial Stress;
Part II: Effects of Financial Stress and, Part III: Coping Mechanisms.
determines the factors or sources of the financial stress that the Grade 11
students are experiencing. The researchers will use the Likert Scale to measure
the level of stress of the students with the following sources or factors that will be
mentioned. The table below shows the scale that will be used to interpret the
level of stress of the students with the sources that will be mentioned:
Table 1. Scale of the Grade 11 Students’ Level of Stress on the Sources of
Financial Stress
1 Strongly Disagree
2 Disagree
3 Neutral
4 Agree
5 Strongly Agree
Part II. Effects of Financial Stress. This questionnaire will consist of five
(5) questions. In this part, the researchers will use the Likert Scale to know or
measure the level of the effects of financial stress to the students. The table
below shows the scale that will be used to interpret the level of the effects of
financial stress:
Stress
1 Very Unlikely
2 Unlikely
3 Neutral
4 Likely
5 Very Likely
Part III. Coping Mechanisms. This questionnaire will determine the
coping mechanisms that the Grade 11 students uses to help against financial
stress. The researchers will also use the Likert Scale here to know the level of
the effectiveness of the coping mechanisms that will be mentioned. The table
below shows the scale that will be used to interpret the level of the effectiveness
of coping mechanisms:
Coping Mechanisms
1 Strongly Disagree
2 Disagree
3 Neutral
4 Agree
5 Strongly Agree
The initial step involves gathering the class list of Grade 11 students at
Notre Dame-Siena College in General Santos City, essential for the study's
created.
informed of the specific date and time for the survey. During the survey,
with the link to the online survey questionnaire. Each respondent will use their
guidance to prevent confusion. After completion, researchers will exit the survey
location.
Finally, the collected data from the answered online survey questionnaires
Statistical Treatment
To analyze the data objectively, the following statistical tool was utilized in
the study.
values within a dataset. Unlike the standard average, also known as the
arithmetic mean, which treats all observations equally, the weighted average
weighted mean, analysts take into account the relative importance of each value
importance among the values, allowing for a more nuanced and context-specific
indicates the proportion of observations for each data point or set of data points
study as it helps the data being analyzed to have a visualization outcome of it. It
The research will employ Weighted Mean and Frequency and Percentage
descriptive statistics, have been chosen for their effectiveness in addressing the
research questions, ensuring precision and accuracy in the study's results and
findings.
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