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Lecture 1 - 2 - Pptweek1 - DR Krishan Kumar 22397
Lecture 1 - 2 - Pptweek1 - DR Krishan Kumar 22397
UNIT 1
Fundamental of DC and AC Circuits
Lecture 1 and 2 Prepared by Teacher: Dr. Krishan kumar, Professor, SEEE
CA-1
Course
CA-2
Assessment
CA-3
Model
Marks 30 (12.5 weightage) 30 (12.5 weightage) 30 (12.5 weightage)
Evaluat 6 Questions of 5 marks Solve 3 questions on circuit One Arduino based group Project (group size:04
ion each: Syllabus: Unit 1 simulator , also solve on paper, student) , students from same class group will create
Proced Marks Break Up:
merge both solutions in one project groups, Project report and viva-10M,
ure answer book and upload online Innovativeness in the project-10M, Working Model-
CA (Two best out of Three)
on UMS 25
10M (Plagiarism: Report should be written by the
group members only/not copied from online sources)
MTE
Assignment of task on Assignment of task on UMS:24 th
Assignment of task on UMS:14 20lecture, Submission:
th
th
UMS: 6 Lecture, th st
lecture, Submission: 27 Lecture 31 Lecture (tutorial in the same week). Report should
Conduct of test ETE
th
:9 : (9:00PM), be uploaded on ums by 9:00PM-50
Lecture )Late submissions due to Late Report submissions due to issues e.g. internet/
Condu (after conduct: Total 100
retest/ internet/ums/health will not be ums/health will not be entertained.
ct appear on another entertained. ) Project title submission: 17th Lecture
date /with other Must update progress of Project to the faculty on
group/health etc. not weekly basis in tutorial class (1st 5 min), carelessness
allowed) will lead to deduction of marks
Test will be conducted Online uploading on UMS by the Upload report on UMS, and submit hardware project
in lecture class students to faculty
MTE 40 questions of MCQ type based on 1st unit 1- unit 3 (No direct MCQ questions )
ETE 30 questions of MCQ type based on 1st unit 1- unit 6 5 questions, 10 marks each (4 out of 5): Unit-1 to unit
WhyECESubjectforCSEStudents?
• Electrical engineers largely deal with
hardware, while computer scientists deal
with software.
• Electrical engineers are the ones that
design circuits, processors, memory, and
establishing wireless communication.
• This subject provides the basic
understanding regarding the hardware
components of the computer.
Hybrid Branches:
• MIT: Department of Electrical Engineering
and Computer Science
• UC Berkeley: Electrical Engineering &
Computer Sciences
Electrical and Electronics Engineering
Digital Electronics
Unit I Fundamentals of DC and AC Circuits
Unit I Fundamentals of DC and AC circuits
Resistance, inductance, capacitance, voltage, current, power and energy
concepts, ohm's law, Kirchhoff’s laws, voltage division rule, current division
rule, mesh and nodal analysis, dependent and independent sources,
Thevenin’s theorem, Norton’s theorem, alternating current and voltage,
definitions of amplitude and phase, average and RMS value of an AC signal
Topics
• Electrical Circuit
• Voltage and Current
• Power and Energy
• Network Component-Active/Passive
• Resistance, Inductance and capacitance
• Open and Short Circuit
• Series and Parallel connection
• Ohm's law
• Applications and Limitation of Ohm’s Law
KEYWORDS
• AC
• DC
• I
• V
• R
• C
Electrical Circuit
Electric circuit, path for transmitting electric current. An electric circuit includes a device that
gives energy to the charged particles constituting the current, such as a battery or a generator;
devices that use current, such as lamps, electric motors, or computers; and the connecting wires or
transmission lines.
Active components are the elements or devices which are capable of providing
or delivering energy to the circuit. Passive components are the ones that do not
require any external source for the operation and are capable of storing energy in
the form of voltage or current in the circuit.
Common examples of active components include:
• Voltage sources.
• Current sources.
• Generators (such as alternators and DC generators)
• All different types of transistors (such as bipolar junction transistors,
MOSFETS, FETs, and JFET)
• Diodes (such as Zener diodes, photodiodes, Schottky diodes, and LEDs)
Question
What do you mean by passive device?
Answer
A device that does not require a source of energy for its operation.
• Resistance: It is an opposition to
the flow of current.
S.I Unit: Ohm (Ω) Symbol: R
They are commercially available with resistance values over a range of more than
nine orders of magnitude.
Capacitance
• Capacitance is the ability of a device to store electrical energy in an electrostatic field.
• A capacitor is a device that stores energy in the form of an electrical field..
• A capacitor is made of two conductors separated by a dielectric.
S.I Unit: Farad (F) Symbol: C Two important
Properties:
1.No current flows through the capacitor, if the voltage remains constant.
2.Voltage across a capacitor cannot change instantaneously.
• Capacitance is the ability of a device to store electric charge,
So, the electronic component that stores electric charge is
called a capacitor.
• The simplest capacitor consists of two flat conducting plates
separated by a small gap.
• The potential difference, or voltage, between the plates is
proportional to the difference in the amount of the charge on
the plates.
• This is expressed as Q = CV, where Q is charge, V is voltage
and C is capacitance.
Question
What is the relation between capacitance and
resistance?
Answer
Resistance is the measure of the amount of energy dissipated by the
resistor. While capacitance is basically but the amount of charge stored
by the capacitor. The resistance of the resistor is given by R = V/I.
Whereas, the capacitance of the capacitor is given as C = Q/V.
Question
What is difference between capacitor and resistance?
Answer
A resistor is an electronic component used to resist the
flow of current in a circuit. It's more like a friction which
restricts energy. A capacitor, on the other hand, is an
electronic component used to store electrical charge.
It generally opposes changes in current in electrical and
electronic circuits.
Inductor
• An inductor is an electronic component consisting of a coil of
wire with an electric current running through it, creating a
magnetic field. One henry is the amount of inductance that is
required to induce 1 volt of electromotive force (the electrical
pressure from an energy source) when the current is changing
at 1 ampere per second.
• One important application of inductors in active circuits is
that they tend to block high-frequency signals while letting
lower-frequency oscillations pass.
• This is the opposite function of capacitors. Combining the
two components in a circuit can selectively filter or generate
oscillations of almost any desired frequency.
Inductance
Inductance is the characteristics of an electrical conductor
that opposes a change in current flow.
•An inductor is a device that stores energy in a magnetic
field.
•When a current flows through a conductor, magnetic
field builds up around the conductor. This field contains
energy and is the foundation for inductance
S.I Unit: Henry ( H )
Symbol: L Two important Properties:
1. No voltage appears across an inductor, if the current through it
remains constant.
2.The current through an inductor cannot change instantaneously.
The larger the self-inductance L of a device, the greater
its opposition to any change in current through it.
For example, a large coil with many turns and an iron
core has a large L and will not allow current to change
quickly.
Question
Why is L used for inductance?
Answer
The symbol L for inductance was chosen to honor
Heinrich Lenz (1804–1865), whose pioneering
work in electromagnetic induction was
instrumental in the development of the final
theory.
Lenz' gave us the minus sign and we honor him
with the symbol L.
Question
What is inductor formula?
Answer
VT = V1 + V2 +V3. We know that the voltage across an inductor is given
by the equation. V = L di / dt.
Key Difference – Inductance vs Capacitance
• The key difference between inductance and capacitance is that inductance is a
property of a current carrying conductor which generates a magnetic field
around the conductor whereas capacitance is a property of a device to hold and
store electric charges.
• The behavior of the inductor is based on the properties of the magnetic field
generated in a coil of wire. In fact, the inductor is basically a coil of wire.
• The behavior of the capacitor is based on the properties of the electric field
created in a dielectric (non-conductor) placed between two conductors.
• The capacitor is basically a nonconductor sandwiched between two conductors.
Energy can be stored in, but not generated by, an inductor or a capacitor, so
these are passive devices. The inductor stores energy in its magnetic field; the
capacitor stores energy in its electric field.
QUICK QUIZ (Poll 5)
A. 5
B. 10
C. 15
D. 20
QUICK QUIZ (Poll 10)
Find Equivalent Resistance in Ohms?
A. 12
B. 17
C. 19
D. 29
Useful Links
• http://www.dynamicscience.com.au/tester/solutions1/electric/voltag
e.htm
• https://gfycat.com/directhauntinglamb
• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NfcgA1axPLo