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[Regular Paper]
Verifiable and accurate prediction of reservoir pore sizes from well logs in a well with no previous exposure of
core data is the desirable outcome for any technique intended to estimate pore size. Many methods are based on
core and crushed rock samples such as thin section analysis, scanning electron microscope (SEM) and mercury
intrusion capillary pressure (MICP) to characterize pore features but these methods are not commonly used
because of their high cost. This study introduces a cost-effective approach to establish a relationship between
hydraulic flow unit and pore size distribution using routine core analysis data and geophysical well logs. Multi-
parameter cluster analysis is used to classify the reservoir rock volume into hydraulic flow unit with similar rock
characteristics using reservoir quality index (RQI) and flow zone indicators. Well log and core analysis data
were used to identify the hydraulic flow unit in the reservoir interval. The discriminant approach was then applied
to the predicted hydraulic flow unit to access the range of pore sizes. The predicted hydraulic flow unit with high
porosity and permeability and high RQI revealed a range of pore sizes (macro and mega pores). Comparing the
obtained results with high-resolution rock thin section study and available empirical approaches indicated verifi-
able and satisfactory results. The study can extrapolate the pore size information vertically as well as in the
neighboring wells in a quite simple and economical way.
Keywords
Pore size classification, Hydraulic flow unit, SEM, Porosity, Permeability
Fig. 6 Pore Size Distribution (r25) vs. Hydraulic Flow Unit (HFU)
pores are marked in white color with a black back- to Sawan-2. In general, the low range of gamma ray
ground and the pore throat size and pore size are shown response in the Sawan-3B well at the studied depth
with red dots. indicate better quality of reservoir rock in terms of
The sample 3407.2 m (Sawan-3B) contains quartz porosity, permeability, and pore size.
(Q) cements as both pore filling and as idiomorphic 4. 4. Curve Matching Technique
quartz outgrowths. Quartz overgrowths and out- In recent years, lithological information has been
growths occur preferentially where chlorite rims cover- obtained from the well log response including pattern
ing detrital quartz grains are thin or discontinuous. recognition and pattern classification4),30). To increase
The sample shows good porosity and pores are mostly the advantages of conventional well logs, the authors
interconnected which enhance the reservoir characteris- have incorporated the gamma-ray log response, HFU
tics. Secondary porosity is also present due to disso- and thin section to analyze the lateral and vertical varia-
lution and fracturing, which are also important in estab- tions of pore structure geometry in nearby wells. A
lishing the Goru formation as a good potential reservoir large deflection of gamma-ray log curve was observed
(Fig. 10). in the Sawan-02 well compared to the Sawan-03 well at
The sample 3307.2 m demonstrates two macropores studied depths. The increase in the gamma ray
(P1=pore size/pore throat size=68.75/20.83 and P2= response at 3304.5 m in the Sawan-02 well is due to the
52.08/12.5) on the binary image at a scale of 250 μm addition of clay mineralogy in the reservoir lithology,
(Fig. 10). The pores are marked in white color with a which can be seen in the thin section analysis, whereas
black background and the pore throat size and pore size the gamma ray response was low in the Sawan-3B well
are shown with red dots. at 3407.2 m depth. Relatively clean sandstone was
The pore size of a core sample of Sawan-3B indicated observed in the Sawan-3B well, which is evident from
high pore throat size at recommended mercury satura- the thin section analysis, causing lower gamma-ray log
tion of 25 %, whereas a core sample from Sawan-2 readings. The porosity estimated from the well log
showed relatively low pore throat size (Fig. 11). analysis is low at the studied depth in the Sawan-2 well
Similar characteristics of studied rock samples can be compared to the Sawan-3B well but the range of pore
observed in Fig. 12, where the gamma ray response is sizes is higher in the Sawan-02 well. The large grain
relatively low for Sawan-3B core samples as compared sizes of the quartz in the Sawan-3B well resulted in this
5. Conclusions
Fig. 12●Lateral and Vertical Modelling of Pore Properties; Track 1: gamma ray response and thin section analysis
of Sawan-02 well, Track 2: gamma ray response and hydraulic flow unit, Track 3: gamma ray response
and thin section analysis of Sawan-3B well
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