phonology

phonetics thing: eth

this: theta
Phonetics and Phonology Revision
I. Decide if each statement is True (T) or False (F).
1. …… Phonology is the study of describing the sounds in speech.
2. …… /ʊ/ is called upsilon.
3. …… English has 8 plosive consonants.
4. …… Affricates are sounds that begin as plosives and end as fricatives.
5. …… Syllabic consonants include [l], [n], [m], [ŋ] and [r].
6. …… Syllables end with a vowel like these are called closed syllables.
7. …… If the first syllable of the word begins with a vowel, we say that this initial
syllable
has zero onset.
8. …… Intonation is the use of the pitch of the voice to convey meaning.
9. …… The major stress on two-syllable words is more likely to fall on the first syllable
if the
word is a verb, and on the second if the word is a noun or an adjective.
10. …… Schwa /ə/ is a stressed vowel. blade roof of the mouth
11. …… Tongue height refers to the distance between the tip of the tongue and=the root.
12. …… The velum is a fixed articulator.
13. …… Diacritics are not used in phonemic transcription.
14. …… There is obstruction to airflow when consonants are pronounced.
Length, pitch, loudness and manner of articulation are 4 factors that make a
15. …… syllable
prominent.

Word-class pairs are words that sound the same but have different meanings
16. …… and
grammatical functions.
17. …… A pure vowel consists of a movement or glide from one vowel to another.
18. …… The schwa is never stressed in actual speech.
19. …… Phonemes can be chopped down into smaller units of sound.
20. …… There is one consonant cluster in the word dreamy.
Phonetics is the study of how phonemes function and the relationships
21. …… among
different phonemes. bad -> devoiced /b/ is the allophone of
22. …… /ɛ/ is called epsilon. (normal) phoneme /b/
23. …… There are 6 diphthongs in English.
24. …… Affricates can only be made by a plosive and a fricative that are homorganic.
25. …… In nasals, the air escapes through the nose.
26. …… Syllables that end with a consonant are called open syllables.
27. …… If we have two or more consonants at the beginning, those are consonant
clusters.
 In any language we can identify a small number of regular used sound that
28. …… we call
phonemes.
eye /ai/
29. …… She-See is not a minimal pair.
30. …… The same sound is presented by the same letter in most cases.

S-V agreement

fortis

tonic

Glottals

glottal

hat, his, hi
copy-cat consonant
 1. same number of sounds
2. they are only different by one sound.
3. that different sound must be different by 1 criterion

phonetic transcription:
broad phonetic transcription (PA rộng)
narrow phonetic transcription (PA hẹp)