METU/SFL

DBE

PRE-INTERMEDIATE GROUP
NOUN CLAUSE (used as Objects) vs. RELATIVE CLAUSE
(Instructor’s Copy)

Optional Task. NOUN CLAUSE (used as Objects) vs. RELATIVE CLAUSE

 Study the following text and underline the relative clauses and noun clauses with that in the text.

THE MOHANA
The Mohana fishermen of central Pakistan are one of the oldest societies in human history. They
lead a life that has not changed for 5,000 years. They live in houseboats that are attached to each
other by ropes. The attached houseboats form floating villages in the region of Sind. Few other
living creatures survive in the region. One reason for this is that the climate is unpredictable. Another reason is that
travelling down the river is too dangerous. The Mohana live as they have always lived: each person’s role in the
society is determined. The people in the area live according to the rules that these roles require. In their society,
there are three castes. The fishermen are the most unusual. They fish in the shallow waters along the sides of the
river for catfish and turtles. The fishermen know that this is not an easy task. Therefore, they use herons, a kind of
large bird, to make it easier to fish in these shallow waters.
Herons have oils on the surface of their eyes that function as color filters. These filters help them to detect fish
below the surface of the water. Then, herons dive for the fish and catch them. A trained heron stands still above
the fish instead of diving. The fisherman approaches the heron in a boat, jumps into the water and traps the fish in
a net that they call kulari. Europeans think that it is impossible to train herons, but that is a part of everyday life for
the Mohana.
The shikari are the lowest among the three castes. The kurnangar, or carpenters are above the shikari and they build
rowing boats and houseboats. The highest caste of that society is the mirbamar. They carry cargo by boat.
These castes have a long history, but anthropologists are sure that they will face a similar fate like other
communities. They will become extinct, and they probably won’t be able to survive the 21 st century.
 Put the sentences that you underlined in the text under the correct column in the box and discuss the
difference in their use with your classmates.

NOUN CLAUSES

after certain verbs:

* The fishermen know that this is not an easy task.
* Europeans think that it is impossible to train herons.

after certain adjectives:

* Anthropologists are sure that they will face a similar fate like other communities.

after the verb ‘to be’ (as noun complements)

* One reason for this is that the climate is unpredictable.
* Another reason is that travelling down the river is too dangerous.

ADJECTIVE (Relative) CLAUSES

* They lead a life that has not changed for 5,000 years.
* They live in houseboats that are attached to each other by ropes.
* The people in the area live according to the rules that these roles require.
* Herons have oils on the surface of their eyes that function as color filters.
* The fisherman traps the fish in a net that they call kulari.

TASK 8. Fill in the blanks with ONE WORD only.

DEVELOPING SOCIAL SKILLS IN CHILDREN

Some children behave just the way you want them to, and some just the opposite. As a parent, you should
understand (1) that children are like a piece of clean white cloth. It is your job and responsibility to give
(2)them some color. In other words, children are innocent, and you are the people (3) who/that are
responsible for shaping, teaching and guiding them to become decent people in the future. You should give
them proper guidance (4) when they are still young. There are some things that you can do to introduce
social skills. You can give your child responsibilities even when he or she is 2 or 3 years of age. Giving just a
little work to do will make him (5) or her learn to obey and follow instructions. For example, you can ask
your child to help tidy up the mess (6) that/which he or she made while playing. You can (7) also reward
your child with praise, and this will promote good manners. You should say words like “Good”, or “Brilliant”
after they have done something good. You should try to avoid negative words. If your child fails to do
something, you should make him/her believe (8) that he/she will do better the next time.