Name: Angelica C.

Valenzona Date: June 29, 2021

Quiz No. 4
Direction: Copy each question and answer it comprehensively.
1. What characteristics distinguish the region of cellular division? Region of
cellular elongation? Region of cellular maturation? (15 pts.)
Answer:
The zone of the root is the meristematic region, it is where the rapid cell division
of undifferentiated meristematic cells. There are many characteristics, one of
these is they are made of living cells that make the root tip to divide actively to
add new cells. As they divide repeatedly, therefore cells are small and usually
cubicle in shape. The new cells, thus produced, are then transformed into
mature permanent plant tissues. They do not store food and exhibit a high
metabolic pathway.
The zone of elongation allows the root to get deeper within the soil. This zone
helps in the absorption of water and minerals from the soil. It is the site of rapid
and extensive cell elongation Some cells still continue to divide while they
elongate within this zone, the rate of division decreases as it distance from the
meristem.
The zone of maturation is where the root is fully formed and the xylem and
phloem can be observed. The root hairs first appear here. The lateral or branch
roots arise from the mature regions of the root. This establishes the growth of
secondary meristems that grow out through the cortex and epidermis,
establishing a new growth axis.

2. Is the condition of land such as dry or wet land can affect the types of plant root
system that grow in the area? Explain your answer. (10 pts.)
Answer:
Yes the condition of land is one of the factors that affects the types of plant root
system that grow in the area. The condition of the land will identify if the plant
root system that will grow in that specific area is suitable. If the condition of the
land is not suitable then the types of root will be affected and there is a
tendency that the product that will be produced during photosynthesis is not
good. The land will help the root system to absorb the nutrients and water
present in that specific area.

3. Give and discuss three (3) economic importance of roots. (15 pts.)
Answer:
The three economic importance of roots are as follows: food, medicine and
spices.
1. The roots are essential in the needs of humans since it is one of the
sources of food. The root crops refers to any edible underground plant
structure. The food is one of the needs of an individual through the root
crops the human can survive in the ecosystem. The production of root
crops can increase the yield of the income of one's state.
 2. The plant roots can be used as medicine. Medicine comes from plants
from many different parts of a plant as it includes the roots. The different
parts of the plants contain different active ingredients within one plant.
Medicinal and drug development used roots as one of the ingredients in
making the medicine since it is the traditional being used by the makers.
The roots contain specific compounds that are known to be biologically
active that can be used directly without the artificial compounds.
3. The plant roots can be used as spices. Since ancient civilization spices
have been eagerly traded during their voyage. Spices nowadays are used
as preservatives to preserve the food but due to the advancement of the
technology there are only few people that used spices to preserve the
food.

4. Give the difference between terminal bud and lateral or axillary bud. (10 pts.)
Answer:
The terminal bud is the dominant embryonic shoot located in the apex whereas
the axillary bud is an embryonic shoot located in the axil of the leaf, which is
dormant. Furthermore, apical buds allow the plant to grow taller but axillary
buds allow branching, giving a bushy growth. The apical bud occurs in both
monocots and dicots while axillary buds only in dicots. The apical bud involved
in the primary growth of the plant increases the height whereas the axillary bud
develops into branches or clusters of lower.

5. Explain the functions of the three important types of tissues found inside the
stem. (15 pts.)
Answer:
The three important types of tissues that are found in the cell are the xylem,
phloem and vascular cambium.
● Xylem - transport and stores water and water soluble nutrients in
vascular plants. This tissue is responsible for supporting the plant cell as
well as for the storage and long-distance transport of water and
nutrients, including the transfer of water-soluble growth factors from the
organs of synthesis to the target organs.
● Phloem - is responsible for transporting sugars, proteins, and other
organic molecules to all the parts of the plants. The substances travel
along sieve elements. Phloem sieve tubes are responsible for the
conduction of organic minerals to all the parts of the body.
● Vascular cambium - produces secondary vascular tissue which are the
xylem and phloem. The fusiform initials are the cells of the vascular
cambium that divide to produce secondary xylem internally and
secondary phloem externally. They function in storage, producing
secondary compounds, and transporting materials between xylem and
phloem.

6. Discuss the importance of modified stems towards the plants. (10 pts.)
 Answer:

Modified stems are important towards the plants in a way that it performs a
range of functions. It is modified to perform a range of functions like storage of
food, support, defence, and photosynthesis. Modifications of stem for the
storage of food some underground stems of potato, ginger are modified to store
food in them. They also act as organs of perennation to tide over conditions of
unfavorable growth. Modification for support: stem tendrils which developed
from axillary buds, are sliner and spirally coiled that will help the plant to climb
to the place where it is attached. Stem modification for defence: some plants
have thorns that will protect the plants from the harmful animals and insects.

References:
● https://www.europeanmedical.info/leaf-primordia/the-root-tip-has-four-
developmental-zones.html
● https://bio.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Introductory_and_General_Biology/
Book%3A_General_Biology_(Boundless)/25%3A_Seedless_Plants/
25.4%3A_Seedless_Vascular_Plants/25.4B%3A_Vascular_Tissue
%3A_Xylem_and_Phloem