ICT
• +/ -
Data Types, Variables & Constant
2nd Quarter
Data Type –
• It is the type of the data being processed in the
program.
• A classification of data that determines the values it
may contain, plus the operations that may be
performed on it, and tells the compiler or interpreter
on how the programmer intends to use the data.
CLASSIFICATION OF DATA TYPES
a. Numeric Data –
Can be used to perform mathematical operations
b. Non-numeric data –
Data that can’t be manipulated by arithmetic
operators.
NUMERIC DATA
a. Byte –
• This type of data requires one byte of
memory.
• Variables that are Byte type can store values
form 0 – 255.
• 0 Default Value. Negative or values greater
than 255 are not allowed.
• Attempting to assign invalid values will
result to an overflow error.
b. Integer/Short Integer –
• Data types that are used to store the whole
integer value.
• This occupies 2 bytes of memory.
• Can accept both positive values and
negative values.
• Used frequently as it is more reliable.
c. Long –
• Alternative to an integer data type which
also stores a whole integer value.
• Occupies 4 bytes (2 more byte compared to
integer).
• It has a range of values from -2,147,483,648
to 2,147,483,648
d. Decimal –
• Exact numeric data type that is used for its
precision.
• This type contains the below range of
values.
79,228,162,514,264,337,593,543,950,335
with no decimal point
• +/-7.9228162514264337593543950335
with 28 decimal places to the right.
• The smallest non-zero value accepted is +/-
0.0000000000000000000000000001. (27
zeroes on decimal)
e. Single –
Accepted ranges are:
• -3.402823E38 to -1.491298E-45 for negative
values
• 1.401298-45 to 3.492823E38 for positive
values.
f. Double –
The accepted range of values are:
• -1.79769313486231E308 to -
4.94065645841247E-324 for negative
values.
• 4.94065645841247E-324 to
1.79769313486231E308 for positive values.
g. Currency –
• Useful for monetary calculations.
• Can store both positive and negative values.
• Can store 15 digits to the left of the decimal
and 4 digits to the right.
• Allowed range is -
922,337,203,684,477.5808 to
922,377,203,658,477.5907.
NON-NUMERIC DATA
a. Boolean –
• Requires two bytes of memory and can
store only two values – TRUE and FALSE
(alternatively 1 or 0 respectively).
• The default value of a Boolean variable is
false.
b. Date –
• Use to represent the date and time.
• Date range values from Jan 1, 0100 to
December 31, 9999.
• Time values from 0:00:00 to 23:59:59 and
occupies 8 bytes of storage size.
c. String –
• Used to store string values.
• String defined as a sequence of characters
(words, e.g: “hello word”, “dog”, etc.)
 – Variable-length String – Occupies 7. Lessen the number of the characters of the
10 bytes of storage size plus the name of the variable. The shorter the variable
memory required for the string name, the more efficient the program. Variable
that is the string length. They have names can’t exceed 256 characters in length.
range value form 0 to
8. In most cases, uppercase and lowercase letters
approximately 20 billion
are read differently. “A” and “a” may hold
– Fixed-length String –
– Occupies the memory equal to the different data.
length of the string itself. It can 9. Variable names must not be a reserved word.
range from 1 to approximately Generally, you shouldn’t use any names that are
65,400 characters. the same as the function, statement, method,
d. Object – and intrinsic constant names used in any host
• Any reference (used for pictures and application.
images)
e. Variant – Examples of using variables (Python):
• Universal data type.
• Can accept any kind of data numeric and (console command)
non-numeric.
• Variant data gives more flexibility while
working with data.
• Uses more storage size than any other data
type.
• Default data type is variant variable (if data
type not mentioned).

VARIABLES
Variables –
Primary storage location that can store different numeric or
alphanumeric values. It is also a memory space allocated by a
computer user for processing and storing data.

• Named area in the memory, holds temporary data.

• A program can handle many data.
• Allocates a portion of the memory depending on the
kind of data.

A program should consider the following in allocating (output result)

memory –

• How much space will the data consume?

• Where in the memory was each variable stored?

RULES IN NAMING VARIABLE

1. It must begin with a letter or an alphabet, may
be follow by combinations of alphanumeric
characters.
2. No special characters like @, &, $, #, and period
(.).
3. It must be unique; names can’t be repeated.
4. Should indicative of the value it holds.
5. Avoid using confusing letters and numbers such
as “0” (zero) and letter “o”.
6. Use underscore in replacement of space.
CONSTANT
Constant –
Values that do not change during the execution of the
program

Examples:

Pi = 3.1416

A = 50