Statistics and

Probability
Objectives:
1. To illustrates the mean and variance
of a discrete random variable;
2. To calculates the mean and the
variance of a discrete random
variable;
3. To interprets the mean and the
variance of a discrete random
variable.
 Lesson 3:

Mean and Variance of

a Discrete Probability
Distribution
Mean
- average
- it is a measure of central
tendency of a probability
distribution.
 Mean
- “expected value” (EV)
- the possible outcome and
the possible probabilities.
ഥ = 𝒙𝟏 . 𝑷(𝒙𝟏 ) + 𝒙𝟐 . 𝑷(𝒙𝟐 ) +.....+ 𝒙𝒏 . 𝑷(𝒙𝒏 )
𝑿
Random variable H in
tossing 3 coins
H P (H) H * P(H)
𝟏
0 0
𝟖
𝟑 𝟑
1
𝟖 𝟖
𝟑 𝟔
2
𝟖 𝟖
𝟏 𝟑
3
𝟖 𝟖

EV(H) = 12/8 or 1.5

Determine the expected value
1. S P(S) S * P(S)
𝟏
0 𝟓
𝟎
𝟏 𝟏
1 𝟓 𝟓
𝟏 𝟐
2 𝟓 𝟓
𝟏 𝟑
3 𝟓 𝟓
𝟏 𝟒
4 𝟓 𝟓

10/5 or 2
Determine the expected value
2. Y P(Y) Y * P(Y)

3 0.1 0.3

4 0.5 2

12 0.2 2.4

20 0.2 4

87/10 or 8.7
 3. What is the expected
number of times a baby wakes
his/her mother after midnight,
given the;
x 1 2 3 4 5
P(x) 0.12 0.25 0.45 0.1 0.08
X*
P(X) 0.12 0.5 1.35 0.4 0.4
2.77
Variance
- measures of variability
- tells you the spread
between your data set. The
more spread the data, the
larger the variance is in
relation to the mean..
Variance
- denoted by 𝝈 𝟐 or V(X)
- could be computed by getting
the average of the product of
the squared deviation from
mean x and probabilities
V(X) = 𝟐
𝑬(𝒙 ) - 𝑬(𝒙) 𝟐
Standard Deviation
- denoted by 𝝈 or Sd(X)
- the measure of how spread
out numbers are.
- it is the positive square root
of variance.
Sd(X) = 𝑽(𝑿)
Variance
𝟐 𝟐
V(X) = 𝑬(𝒙 ) - 𝑬(𝒙)

Std. Deviation
Sd(X) = 𝑽(𝑿)
 Random variable H in
tossing 3 coins
H P (H) H * P(H) 𝑯𝟐 𝑯𝟐 * P (H)
𝟏
0 𝟎 0 0
𝟖
𝟑 𝟑 𝟑
1 𝟏 𝟖
𝟖 𝟖
𝟑 𝟔 𝟏𝟐
2 𝟒 𝟖
𝟖 𝟖
𝟏 𝟑 𝟗
3 9 𝟖
𝟖 𝟖
𝑬𝑽(𝑯𝟐 ) = 24/8
or 3
EV(H) = 12/8 0r 1.5
𝟐
𝑬𝑽(𝑯 ) = 24/8 or 3
2 2
V(X) = 𝐸(𝑥 ) - 𝐸(𝑥)
2
V(X) = 3 - (1.5)
V(X) = 𝟎. 𝟕𝟓

Sd(X) = 𝑉(𝑋)
Sd(X) = 0.75
Sd(X) = 𝟎. 𝟖𝟔𝟔
Determine the expected value
1. S P(S) S * P(S)
𝟏
0 𝟓
𝟎
𝟏 𝟏
1 𝟓 𝟓
𝟏 𝟐
2 𝟓 𝟓
𝟏 𝟑
3 𝟓 𝟓
𝟏 𝟒
4 𝟓 𝟓

10/5 or 2
Determine the expected value
2. Y P(Y) Y * P(Y)

3 0.1 0.3

4 0.5 0.5

12 0.2 2.4

20 0.2 4

36/5 or 7.2
 3. What is the expected
number of times a baby wakes
his/her mother after midnight,
given the;
x 1 2 3 4 5
P(x) 0.12 0.25 0.45 0.1 0.08
X*
P(X) 0.12 0.5 1.35 0.4 0.4
2.77
Standard Deviation
- denoted by 𝝈 or Sd(X)
- the measure of how spread
out numbers are.
- it is the positive square root
of variance.
Sd(X) = 𝑽(𝑿)
Variance
𝟐 𝟐
V(X) = 𝑬(𝒙 ) - 𝑬(𝒙)

Std. Deviation
Sd(X) = 𝑽(𝑿)
 Random variable H in
tossing 3 coins
H P (H) H * P(H) 𝑯𝟐 𝑯𝟐 * P (H)
𝟏
0 𝟎 0 0
𝟖
𝟑 𝟑 𝟑
1 𝟏 𝟖
𝟖 𝟖
𝟑 𝟔 𝟏𝟐
2 𝟒 𝟖
𝟖 𝟖
𝟏 𝟑 𝟗
3 9 𝟖
𝟖 𝟖
𝑬𝑽(𝑯𝟐 ) = 24/8
or 3
EV(H) = 12/8 0r 1.5
𝑬𝑽(𝑯𝟐 ) = 24/8 or 3

V(X) = 𝐸(𝑥 2 ) - 𝐸(𝑥)2

2
V(X) = 3 - (1.5)
V(X) = 𝟎. 𝟕𝟓

Sd(X) = 𝑉(𝑋)
Sd(X) = 0.75
Sd(X) = 𝟎. 𝟖𝟔𝟔
Determine the expected value
1. S P(S) S * P(S)
𝟏
0 𝟓
𝟎
𝟏 𝟏
1 𝟓 𝟓
𝟏 𝟐
2 𝟓 𝟓
𝟏 𝟑
3 𝟓 𝟓
𝟏 𝟒
4 𝟓 𝟓

10/5 or 2
S P (S) S * P(S) 𝑺𝟐 𝑺𝟐 *P(S)
𝟏
0 𝟎 0 0
𝟓
𝟏 𝟏 𝟏
1 1
𝟓 𝟓 𝟓
𝟏 𝟐 𝟒
2 4
𝟓 𝟓 𝟓
𝟏 𝟑 𝟗
3 9
𝟓 𝟓 𝟓
𝟏 𝟒 𝟏𝟔
4 16
𝟓 𝟓 𝟓

EV(H) = 10/5 𝑬𝑽(𝑯𝟐 ) = 30/5

or 2 or 6
EV(H) = 10/5 or 2
𝑬𝑽(𝑯𝟐 ) = 24/8 or 3

V(X) = 𝐸(𝑥 2 ) - 𝐸(𝑥)2

2
V(X) = 6 - (2)
V(X) = 𝟐

Sd(X) = 𝑉(𝑋)
Sd(X) = 2
Sd(X) = 𝟏. 𝟒𝟏
Determine the expected value
2. Y P(Y) Y * P(Y)

3 0.1 0.3

4 0.5 0.5

12 0.2 2.4

20 0.2 4

36/5 or 7.2
S P (S) S * P(S) 𝑺𝟐 𝑺𝟐 *P(S)

3 0.1 0.3 9 0.9

4 0.5 0.5
9 0.9
16 𝟖
16 8
144 28.8
400 80
12 0.2 2.4 144 𝟐𝟖. 𝟖

20 0.2 4 400 𝟖𝟎

EV(H) = 7.2 𝑬𝑽(𝑯𝟐 ) = 117.7

EV(H) = 7.2
𝑬𝑽(𝑯𝟐 ) = 117.7
2 2
V(X) = 𝐸(𝑥 ) - 𝐸(𝑥)
2
V(X) = 117.7 - (7.2)
V(X) = 117.7 - 51.84
V(X) = 𝟔𝟓. 𝟖𝟔

Sd(X) = 𝑉(𝑋)
Sd(X) = 65.86
Sd(X) = 𝟖. 𝟏𝟏𝟓
Seatwork#3:
A basket contains 3 ripe and 2
unripe bananas. If three bananas
are taken from the basket one
after the other. Compute for the
mean variance & standard
deviation of the random variable
U.
Good day!
God bless