Title: The Force of Circumstance

Author: W. Somerset Maugham

Publication Year: 1927
Genre: Short story, Modernist literature
Setting: Colonial India
Main Characters:
 Louise (protagonist)
 Charles
Themes:
1. Colonialism: The story explores the impact of British colonialism in India and its
effects on the lives of the characters.
2. Marriage and Infidelity: The narrative delves into the complexities of marriage
and the consequences of infidelity.
3. Cultural Clash: The clash between British and Indian cultures is depicted in the
story, reflecting the tensions of the colonial era.
4. Individual vs. Society: The characters grapple with societal expectations and
norms, leading to personal dilemmas.
Style and Techniques:
1. Narrative Structure: Maugham employs a first-person narrative style, providing
insight into Louise's thoughts and emotions.
2. Psychological Realism: The author delves into the psychological intricacies of
the characters, portraying their internal conflicts and motivations.
3. Irony: The title itself suggests the force of circumstances that shape the
characters' lives, and irony plays a significant role in the narrative.
Literary Movement: Modernism
Significance: "The Force of Circumstance" is recognized for its exploration of complex
human relationships, cultural dynamics, and the impact of societal expectations.
Maugham's narrative skill and psychological insight contribute to the story's enduring
relevance.
Legacy: W. Somerset Maugham is a well-regarded figure in 20th-century literature,
and his works, including "The Force of Circumstance," continue to be studied and
appreciated for their exploration of human nature and societal issues.