IB Math AI HL - 5.

11 Solutions

1. (a)
1
∫ 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥 + 𝑠𝑖𝑛2𝑥𝑑𝑥 = 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥 − 𝑐𝑜𝑠2𝑥 + 𝑐
2

(b)
1
∫(3𝑥 + 1)3 𝑑𝑥 = (3𝑥 + 1)4 + 𝑐
12

(c)
1
∫ 𝑒 (1−2𝑥) 𝑑𝑥 = − 𝑒 (1−2𝑥) + 𝑐
2

(d)
𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑥 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥 1
∫ 𝑑𝑥 = ∫ 2
𝑑𝑥 = +𝑐
𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝑥 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥

2. (a)
𝜋 𝜋
2 1 1 1
∫ 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥 + 𝑠𝑖𝑛2𝑥𝑑𝑥 = [𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥 − 𝑐𝑜𝑠2𝑥] 2 = 1 + − 0 + = 2
0 2 0 2 2

(b)
1
1 1 1
∫ ∫(3𝑥 + 1)3 𝑑𝑥 = [ (3𝑥 + 1)4 ] = (256 − 16) = 20
−1 12 −1 12

(c)
0
1 0 1 1 𝑒(𝑒 2 − 1)
∫ 𝑒 (1−2𝑥) 𝑑𝑥 = [− 𝑒 (1−2𝑥) ] = − 𝑒 + 𝑒3 =
−1 2 −1 2 2 2

(d)
𝜋⁄
3 𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑥 1 𝜋⁄3 2 2 2
∫ 𝑑𝑥 = [ ]𝜋 = − =2−
𝜋⁄ 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥 ⁄6 1 √3 √3
6
3. (a)
Use substitution 𝑢 = 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥 , 𝑑𝑢 = 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥𝑑𝑥

𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥
∫ 𝑐𝑜𝑡𝑥𝑑𝑥 = ∫ 𝑑𝑥 = 𝑙𝑛|𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥| + 𝑐
𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥

(b)
𝜋⁄ 𝜋⁄
2 1
∫ 𝑐𝑜𝑡𝑥𝑑𝑥 = [𝑙𝑛|𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥|] 𝜋 2 = 𝑙𝑛(1) − 𝑙𝑛 ( )
𝜋⁄
4
⁄4 √2

1 𝑙𝑛2
= 0 − (−𝑙𝑛22 ) =
2

(c)
𝜋⁄
2
The integral ∫0 𝑐𝑜𝑡𝑥𝑑𝑥 does not exist as ln(𝑠𝑖𝑛(0)) = 𝑙𝑛(0)
does not exist.

4. (a)
Using GDC gives (8,8)

(b)
2
−1 2 −1 −1
∫ 𝑠𝑖𝑛(𝜋𝑥)𝑑𝑥 = [ 𝑐𝑜𝑠(𝜋𝑥)] = −( ) =0
0 𝜋 0 𝜋 𝜋

(c) Drawing the perpendicular from (8,8) to the 𝑥-axis divides the area into two areas as
shown above. The right area can be found by integration or triangle area formula.

8 12
𝐴 = ∫ (𝑥 + 𝑠𝑖𝑛(𝜋𝑥))𝑑𝑥 + ∫ (24 − 2𝑥)𝑑𝑥
0 8

82 8 × 4
= + = 48 𝑠𝑞. 𝑘𝑚.
2 2
5. (a) 2 trapeziums

(b)
(𝑓(1) + 𝑓(2)). 1 5 + 4
𝐴= = = 4.5 𝑠𝑞. 𝑢𝑛𝑖𝑡𝑠
2 2

(c)
3
5+4 4+9
∫ 𝑓(𝑥)𝑑𝑥 ≈ + = 11 𝑠𝑞. 𝑢𝑛𝑖𝑡𝑠
1 2 2

(d) Narrowing the width of trapeziums to ℎ = 0.5, then adding the areas of the
resulting four trapeziums

6. (a) By product rule

𝑑 𝑥
(𝑥𝑙𝑛𝑥) = 𝑙𝑛𝑥 + = 𝑙𝑛𝑥 + 1
𝑑𝑥 𝑥

(b)
∫(𝑙𝑛𝑥)𝑑𝑥 = ∫(𝑙𝑛𝑥 + 1 − 1)𝑑𝑥

𝑑
=∫ (𝑥𝑙𝑛𝑥)𝑑𝑥 − ∫ 𝑑𝑥 = 𝑥𝑙𝑛𝑥 − 𝑥 + 𝑐
𝑑𝑥

(c)
4
4
∫ 𝑙𝑛𝑥𝑑𝑥 = [𝑥𝑙𝑛𝑥 − 𝑥] = 4𝑙𝑛4 − 4 − 𝑙𝑛1 + 1
1 1

= 4𝑙𝑛4 − 3 = 8𝑙𝑛2 − 3
7. (a)
8
𝑑 = 2− 4 =1𝑚
4 + √2

(b) Volume = area of cross section X length. Find points of intersection by GDC

or algebraically
8
2− = 0.80
4 + 𝑥4

8
1.2 =
4 + 𝑥4

8 3.2 8 4 8
𝑥4 = −4 = = ⟹ 𝑥= √
1.2 1.2 3 3

Now integrate the difference between 𝑓(𝑥) and 𝑔(𝑥) = 0.8 by GDC to give area

or algebraically
4
√8⁄3
8
𝑉 = 𝐴× . 𝑙 = 2 ∫ 4 (0.80 − (2 − )) 𝑑𝑥
− √8⁄3 4 + 𝑥4

1.28
8
= 2∫ ( − 1.2) 𝑑𝑥 ≈ 2(1.54) = 3.08 𝑚3
−1.28 4 + 𝑥4

(c) At 20.06 or 8.06 PM

3074.52 … 𝐿
𝑡= = 20.5 𝑚𝑖𝑛
150 𝐿/𝑚𝑖𝑛
8. (a)
𝑓 ′ (𝑥) = 2𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥 = 𝑠𝑖𝑛2𝑥

(b) Use the substitution 𝑢 = 𝑠𝑖𝑛2 𝑥

2 2𝑥
∫ 𝑒 𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝑥 𝑠𝑖𝑛(2𝑥)𝑑𝑥 = ∫ 𝑒 𝑢 𝑑𝑢 = 𝑒 𝑠𝑖𝑛 +𝑐

(c)
𝜋 𝜋
2
𝑠𝑖𝑛2 𝑥 𝑠𝑖𝑛 2 𝑥
∫ 𝑒 𝑠𝑖𝑛(2𝑥)𝑑𝑥 = [𝑒 ]2 = 𝑒 1 − 𝑒 0
0 0

= 𝑒 − 1 ≈ 1.72

9. (a)
𝑣(0) = 2 𝑚/𝑠

(b)
𝑎(𝑡) = 𝑣 ′ (𝑡) = −6𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥 = −3sin (2𝑥)

(c) (i)
4
displacement = ∫ (2 − 3𝑠𝑖𝑛 2 𝑥)𝑑𝑥 = 2.74 𝑚
0

(ii)
4
total distance = ∫ |2 − 3𝑠𝑖𝑛 2 𝑥|𝑑𝑥 = 4.34 𝑚
0
10. (a)
𝜋 12 𝜋 𝜋
𝑉(𝑡) = ∫ 𝐼(𝑡)𝑑𝑡 = ( 𝑠𝑖𝑛 ( (𝑡 − 6))) + 𝑐 = 3𝑠𝑖𝑛 ( (𝑡 − 6)) + 𝑐
4 𝜋 12 12

𝑉(0) = 0 ⇒ 𝑐=3

(b) By GDC

(c) Marked on graph above

(d)
𝜋 𝜋
3𝑠𝑖𝑛 ( (𝑡 − 6)) + 3 = 0 ⇒ 𝑠𝑖𝑛 ( (𝑡 − 6)) = −1
12 12

⇒ 𝑡 = 24 ℎ𝑟𝑠
Longer questions

1. (a) At 𝑡 = 3 hrs,

𝑑𝐼 𝜋2 𝜋
= − 𝑠𝑖𝑛 ( (𝑡 − 3)) = 0 ⟹ 𝑡 = 3
𝑑𝑡 18 6

(b) It stops raining when the inflow, 𝐼(𝑡) = 0, i.e. when 𝑡 = 6 ℎ𝑟𝑠

(c)
𝜋 6 𝜋
∫ 𝐼(𝑡)𝑑𝑡 = ( 𝑠𝑖𝑛 ( (𝑡 − 3))) + 𝑐
3 𝜋 6

𝜋
= 2𝑠𝑖𝑛 ( (𝑡 − 3)) + 𝑐
6

This represents the volume of water, 𝑉(𝑡), in the tank after 𝑡 hours.

(d)
𝜋 −𝜋
2𝑠𝑖𝑛 ( (−3)) + 𝑐 = 2𝑠𝑖𝑛 ( ) + 𝑐 = 0 ⟹ 𝑐 = 2
6 2

(e) The maximum volume is when 𝑡 = 6

𝜋
2𝑠𝑖𝑛 ( (6 − 3)) + 2 = 2 + 2 = 4 𝑀𝐿
6

(f) 𝑚 = −0.5 (from the information given in the question),

𝑉𝐸 (𝑡) = −0.5𝑡 + 𝑐

which passes through the maximum point (6, 4), so

4 = −0.5(6) + 𝑐

⟹ 𝑐=7

(g) The tank is next empty when 𝑉(𝑡) = 0

1
𝑉𝐸 (𝑡) = − 𝑡 + 7 = 0
2

⟹ 𝑡 = 14 ℎ𝑟𝑠
(h) In order to be empty at 𝑡 = 12 ℎ𝑟𝑠 the straight line passes through (6, 4) and
(12,0), so

4−0 2 2
𝑚= =− and − (12) + 𝑐 = 0 ⟹ 𝑐 = 8
12 − 6 3 3

2
𝑉𝐸 (𝑡) = − 𝑡 + 8
3
2. (a)
∫(5𝑒 −𝑥 + 2)𝑑𝑥 = 2𝑥 − 5𝑒 −𝑥 + 𝑐

(b)
5
5
𝐴 = ∫ (5𝑒 −𝑥 + 2)𝑑𝑥 = [2𝑥 − 5𝑒 −𝑥 ] = 14.966 … ≈ 15.0 ℎ𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑎𝑟𝑒𝑠
0 0

(c)
𝑃(0) = 10 𝑡𝑜𝑛𝑛𝑒𝑠

(d)
0.1(99 + 𝑒 3 )
𝐷= = 0.7957 …
14.966

≈ 0.80 𝑡𝑜𝑛𝑛𝑒𝑠/ℎ𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑎𝑟𝑒

(e) After 10.6 ≈ 11𝑚𝑜𝑛𝑡ℎ𝑠

(f) Mass at harvest: 𝑃(10.6) = 29.932

so harvest = 29.932 − 10 = 19.932 𝑡𝑜𝑛𝑛𝑒𝑠

19.932
gives × 100 = 66.6% of mass immediately prior to harvest
29.932

(g)
𝑎(99 + 𝑒 𝑡 ) = 2(14.966 … )

𝑎 = 0.2513 … ≈ 0.25
3. (a)
𝑘 − √50𝑡 = 0

𝑘 2 = 50𝑡

𝑘2
𝑡=
50

(b) (i)
𝑘 2⁄
50
𝑑=∫ (𝑘 − √50𝑡)𝑑𝑡
0

(ii)
𝑘 2⁄
50 2√50 3 𝑘 2⁄
∫ (𝑘 − √50𝑡)𝑑𝑡 = [𝑘𝑡 − 𝑡2 ] 50
0 3 0
𝑘 3 2√50 𝑘3
= − ( )
50 3 50√50
𝑘3
=
150

(c)
𝑘3
= 22.5
150
3
𝑘 = √3375 = 15 𝑚/𝑠

(d)
15 − √ℎ𝑡 = 0

225
𝑡=
ℎ

(e)
225
ℎ
𝑑 = 37.5 = ∫ (15 − √𝑡) 𝑑𝑡
0
(f)
2√ℎ 3 225
[15𝑥 − 𝑡 2 ] ℎ = 37.5
3
0
3
3375 2√ℎ 225 2
− ( ) = 37.5
ℎ 3 ℎ

2
3375 − √(225)3 = 37.5ℎ
3

1125
ℎ= = 30
37.5