BREE SB Sf & mm 110 Read the following article about mankind's efforts to cool the Earth's climate, and then answer the questions on the opposite page. MAN-MADE EFFORTS TO COOL THE EARTH Inanattemptto slow down climate change, scentst are studying various aspects of ‘geo-engineerng'~ the name gven toma efforts to change the Earth's climate n order toreduce lobal warming. (ne ofthe main areas of researchis the idea of creating artificial lcanic eruptions, whch woud blow out milionsoflograms of dasa thsi Te seit suggest hat san slr asd partes ina the pe stospere cube oz of he mmosteffectiveways available to humanity tokeep the world ool An Earth centstat the rivrsity Copenhagen says, “Dust whichis forced into the sky when avlean erupts is known tocol the Earth by reducing the amount of sunlight that reaches, and by reflectnglight back nto s ‘Theinterestin this area ofresearchisiked to the eraption of Mount Fnatabo, inthe Philips, in 1991, the second largest ofthe 20th Century. The explosion lew milion of tiny sulu-based particles ito ee alfa degree Celsius before they fellbackto Earth, Weis estimated that millon of klorams ofslfu-based particles woud have ta atmosphere year after year. This sem a geat deal bt infactit sa snall amo ‘herise in global temperature by upto 2 degrees els artificially into the upper terns, However, this could reduce Aether esse pris cs gg NN sme arto ter areas of research Fst, aeroplanes cul be eaiped with stems eae particles as they fy around the world Is Pagaieg sur ‘rom destination ta destination, Asecondideaistouse qu afi based paridesintothe atmosphere. Research is also being carried out into other possibilities for red mount of sunlight to make the Earth cooler. thas been suggested that sunlight reaching the Earth cul be rezed bp process known as ‘loud whitening’. Ths where salt waters sprayedintothe fenton eng One ofthe maindisadvantages of thisapproach {is that it would cut rainfall in areas suchas te. ea. soe cima cage ape tates, ich cufng i evo cnt teva ems one ibe dangerous” rRoDUucTIQN OpeaKG0N DIODE BY WORLD'S POPULATION o 7% a 7] fe | 7 airy m7 Yj _Z A 210 20 (ecwaligue) projected fel ‘ooe) fae) Scientists tll us that a mulor source of global waning is overproduction of carbon diode other possible method of coving the arth three sto ty taped phe ate xtc eae increasing the moot of plane ty lrmcl remeved fom the ait This might be done by animal and plant life which rift inthe oceans. Plankton absorbs carbon dioxide asit grows and then carries the carbon dioxide down tote bottom othe ocean whent dis Theiabmag ouch atcnei thiol tone tonat signicant reductions incrbon dioxdeinthe atmosphere. same criticism aps toanotheridea which nelesusing gant artificial iters driven by nuclear power to remove the carbon dioxide from thea (One fact is certain. Ary measures which ar taken may have to bekept going for decades or even centuries. osioavonnz Scanned with CamScannerarn (a) Why are scientists researching ‘geo-engineering’? (0) What does a volcanic eruption send into the air? {¢)_ How do volcanic eruptions help to cool the Earth? Give two details. (4) When and where was the second largest eruption of the last century? (e) How can plankton help the atmosphere? Give two anh (f) Give three examples vorent described in the passage. we 8) Ww te estozvont2 [Turn over Scanned with CamScannera ee ae eee 112 Read the webpage below listing events throughout the year at Castle Gardens and answer Questions 1-9. A. Easter egg hunt ‘Come and explore the gardens, solve the clues on our Easter egg trail and receive a chocolate Easter egg prize. All completed forms will be entered into a draw to win a family ticket to see ‘George's Marvellous Medicine, an open air theatre performance at the gardens. B_ Woodland scavenger hunt ‘Our garden ranger is running Aprils adventure ‘Woodlands’ theme. Search for different animals and find out about their rich habitat as you fol woodland trai to uncover all sorts of natural treasures. This leads onto a ranged lated activities in the barn. C Safari and photo competition O Practise taking great photographs whilst navigatifig the'gardens with your GPS- enabled smartphone or with a map and a compass. Phter your best picture in our online photography competition to win a great prize. You can attend this event in either the morning or the afternoon. Bring gyrenn photographic equipment. D Build a bird feeder N This event is planned for half steal Identify the different types of birds you see on the organised, ranger-ledwalkin the gardens and discover what the birds like to eat. Then build your very own bird feeder and take it home to attract birds into your jarden. E Animal safari \\\* » Explore the gardehs looking for all kinds of different animal life. fit wriggles, crawls, (or walks, welll be looking for it. Prepare to discover what lives alongside the plants and flowers in the gardens and then take part in arts and crafts in the ranger hut. F Design a flowerbed Children aged 4-16 are invited to design a flowerbed. The six winning entries will have their designs planted in the gardens. Winners will be invited to an awards evening where they will be presented with their prizes and they will also receive gardening equipment for their schools. G Thebarn This isa great place for all the family to have some indoor fun. There are plenty of activities forall age ranges. Enjoy home-cooked hot food or coffee and cake with friends in the café. Weekly and monthly events are scheduled to keep children entertained. xe 2 xs / esl ee ae 4oNn niin vadVSIML Ni ain — Scanned with CamScanner‘WRITE IN THIS AREA poor ae g se RZ ‘DOWOT War W Tis AeA H_ Design a bird mask Join our staff in the summer at the lakeside bird hide and surrounding area. Count the different breeds of birds you spot on a lakeside adventure walk and learn about their habits and habitats, Then design and make your own bird mask to take home. 1 Wintering wildfow! Join our garden ranger for October's Wintering wildfow'' theme, Meet at the barn and bring waterproofs. As autumn approaches we visita lakeside bird hide to watch ‘our winter migrant ducks and geese. This activity finishes with arts and crafts in the ranger hut. J Charity Christmas fair Find that unique Christmas present from the wide range of stalls situated in the grand hall. From hand-crafted cards to main gifts, you'll find the re purchase from carefully selected stalls. Enjoy festive music and hot food aswell as a fancy dress ildren on Saturday 8 December. competition for Tum over » Scanned with CamScannerr 414 rc Questions i Identify which paragraphs (A-J) contain the information listed in Questions 1-9 by o marking a cross for the correct answer. If you change your mind, put a line through ° i the box 8 and then indicate your new answer with a cross & z 8 You must choose answers only from the information given in the webpage. , i Paragraphs may be used more than once or not used at all. 2 This paragraph refers to... 2 | 3 2 2 a permanent location to eat. B j 3. the opportunity to win a second prize. SZ 4 aselection of seasonal items to buy. Pi: sche ero seston \ 6 specific clothing requirements. 7 ] or = 7 a follow-on session in the barn. Oo 2 2 J. | & wionssfomatyeceing pes NO 4 9 working out a route. go Be | ® t 3 30 . | er x afelepofe}rfe|mfr|s +B = Question 1 Ol]@,a/olalal|a/ajalia X - Question 2 aha ol/ojojojajoajo =| Jauestions oalofofalafolajoja ; =| foustins |oOl|ololal/ajaje/ajalja HX =| faestins |ofofolalo[alolol[ojo zB g =] [questions o/oj/ajoaljajojojojoja ‘S S «| fouestinr7 |Olajalal/ojojalajaja sae «| fats {ololololololololala Se z oe] fauesins [olalalajafolofolojo ¥ (Total = 9 marks) Thursday 9 June 2016 - Afternoon Scanned with CamScannerDO NOT WRITE IN THIS AREA INTHISAREA™ po Nor waite DO NOTWRITE WTHIS AREA Read the following article about some Masai tribesmen from Tanzania 115 ia who ran the London Marathon, {and then complete the notes on the opposite page. MASAI RUNNERS GO THE DISTANCE When Isaya O'Leporu and five other Masai tribesmen completed the London Marathon, arriving at the finishing line was only one of their achievements. They were, in fact, the first members of their village to leave the region. They became very popular with the British public when they made a successful appearance on television, showing their enthusiasm and determination to succeed. Most importantly, however, they raised ‘over £100,000 while they were there to pay for the cost of bringing clean water to their isolated village. “The need for clean water was very obvious. Many Masai people werA\getting seriously ill, A number of children in the village were missing sch« r to make the ‘exhausting ten-kilometre walk to the nearest water sou ley often faced dangerous animals. The men were forced to drive the villdde’s precious cows far onto neighbouring land in search of watering holes, at the ris ring rival tribes. je that cannot be reached on It is hard for most Masai to imagine travellin« ested, many villagers tried to foot. When the plan to run the marathon we stop them leaving because they were convine&thgt they would not return. For Isaya and his fellow tribesmen, however, the trig.grovided many new experiences. It was the first time they had seen snow, which wad yal cold and painful to touch. They noticed the crowds in London who, they sai Avery fast and looked very serious. After successful completion Qprratvon, Iseya and his fellow runners were welcomed home as heroes, remarkable stories. They also brought with them enough money to cover the cBkf of searching and drilling for water. Sn But it soon becam, Gye the essential water would not appear overnight. It took some time for the jes in Tanzania to collect the tax on the money that they had ‘earned from t ere was the long process of searching, with experts continually failing to find evidence of water beneath the earth. The vilagers were frustrated by the length of time taken by the surveyors to locate the sources of water. Isaya found himself trapped between the villagers, who were impatient for water to start flowing, and the surveyors, who faced the challenge of finding water in one of the driest regions on Earth. As Isaya said, "I had to explain to my people that sometimes. you can drill many times and not find water. They were concerned that so much money was being spent and no water was being found.” Finally, a surveyor confirmed that water had indeed been found some distance from the village. The entire village worked for days to clear a route so that the trucks of the drilling company were able to reach the site. One day later, water trickled slowly to the surface, to the great excitement and delight of all the village people. For Isaya and his companions, the success ofthis project - almost exactly one year after they had completed the marathon - was @ huge reward for their efforts. osiazvonie Scanned with CamScanner116 You are going to give a presentation to your school's Geography Club about the Masai tribesmen fy land the marathon run. Make brief notes to use as the basis for your talk. lamar Make your notes under each heading. Cotal: 7] esta vont [urn over Scanned with CamScannerENON, MOKIOXION. ro) DO NOT WRITE IN THIS AREA WRITE IN THIS AREA Dott os : DO NOT WRITE INTHIS AREA Read the article below on an ageing population and answer Questions eee Britain - An Ageing Population In the UK the lengthening lives of baby boomers* and falling birth rates combine to produce an extraordinary statistic. Based on current trends, in a decade the number ‘of over 655s in the UK will be ten times greater than the number of those aged 15 to 64, For the first time in history, by the middle of this century the number of people worldwide aged 65+ will outnumber children aged five and under. Currently one quarter of the UK population is aged over 65, Some are financially very secure, while others are living in poverty. However, all share needs, interests and challenges that are already changing the shape of society. Scientific evidence shows that people become less like one another as they grow older,- a challenge for those who consider ageing affects everyone in the same way. Jht differences i how people age are based on a range of factors relating to et ind social class. The better educated and more affluent generally have a raqapasltve experience of ageing, whilst those facing poverty, harsh working congijoys and long-term stress have a negative experience. In order for everyondto prifoy ageing ina fair and equitable manner, itis necessary to invest in goog effeatiGn and skis from an early age. « As they age, many of today’s baby boomers relMajffitter than their predecessors. They also wish to carry on working until trp no longer possible. They may be part of an inter-generational household jiyg ‘children and grandchildren and are able to spend more on holidays, cars youth. Others are living in poveyt folated and in need of intensive support for illnesses. Although 80% of ulation lives in towns and cities, more than 75% of people aged over 65 resid&p rural areas. For those in bad health living in isolated communities or remote areas, tlemedicine is an option. Care can be delivered by doctors or specialigs ((Gpx far away without the patient having to travel to visit them, thus improving,me vices to rural areas. Action by centraNypvernment is still in its early stages. It is considering housing which can be extended to take in a dependent relative, tax incentives to encourage an older person to opt for a smaller home and public spaces geared to accommodate the older as well as the younger generations. In contrast, research shows that many people moving into their 60s prefer to avoid looking into the future. However, this is the time when it might be wise to prepare for this major transition in life, when long- term health conditions could become an issue and voluntary work and hobbies more important. Turn over » Scanned with CamScanner148 ‘Three-quarters of over-65s own their own home, compared with less than a those aged 25 to 34, Many older people are moving to smaller properties in order 2 to provide their children with the money they need to buy a house. In response to se this, Britain's biggest house builders have announced they are altering how they x design, locate and market some of their homes to tap into the baby boomer market. % Other products and services are also being adapted to suit an older population ae with a wider benefit to all. Amazon, for example, has spent heavily on redesigning YY packaging which is easier to open and Google has increased the size of its search box. Oxo, a cooking utensil company, has created tools that are easier to grip. They are aesthetically pleasing enough to appeal to all. One UK coffee shop chain now has sturdier chairs, wider aisles, lower tables and bigger print on the menus. Itis recommended that more attention be paid to low cost products that can transform lives. It is known that bath rails reduce falls, yet they are not in people's homes as a matter of course. A bath plug that changes colour when the water is too hot and empties the bath to avoid flooding costs less than five pounds. Although these types of products make commercial and het there are Se still questions about how best to market them as people don’ think about getting older. *baby boomer someone born ata time when a lote(baBies were born particularly between 1946 and 1964 Un ve oS: 3 x a g = 5 “ 3 3 Z 2 ay z g 3 4 Scanned with CamScanner119 — Questions Indicate your answers to the questions below by marking a cross for the correct answer. Ifyou change your mind, put a line through the box ® and then indicate your new answer with a cross &. 1) Inthe UK, those aged 65+... CA have enough money to live comfortably. GB place predictable demands on society. OC become more individual as they age. 2) People's experience of ageing is influenced by the... DA type of places they have worked in, OB extent to which they enjoyed school, 1 € geographical area they grew up in, 3) Baby boomers today are most likely to... / XQ ee CsA havea better social life than when younger OB liveas part of a wealthy family househalde OC receive home visits from rappin 4) The government is working towar f. BA increasing awareness oflife changes. BB moreftexbletebnimodation options GC amenities eran ‘for older people. 5) Some products and services are being made mor OA affordable. OB practical. OC colourful (6marks) Thursday 9 June 2016 - Afternoon, Scanned with CamScanner ‘Wan sini Ni alias ton oo. IY Nia ON OA < Oa sit WAU SIML NI aif ion oa”