Additional Exercises for Mathematics II for EOR.

Show that the following limit do not exist:

|y|
1) lim
(x,y)→(0,0) x2 + y2
Define path 1 as approaching the origin along the positive x-axis: y = 0, x > 0 and x → 0.
Define path 2 as approaching the origin along the positive y-axis: y > 0, x = 0 and y → 0.
Along path 1, one gets:
|y| |0| 0
lim = lim = lim = lim (0) = 0
(x,y)→(0,0) x2 +y 2 2
(x,y)→(0,0) x + 0 2 (x,y)→(0,0) x2 (x,y)→(0,0)

But, along path 2, one gets:

|y| y 1
lim = lim = lim =∞
(x,y)→(0,0) x2 +y 2 2
(x,y)→(0,0) 0 + y 2 (x,y)→(0,0) y

As limits are unique, it should have the same value regardless of the path chosen. As this is
not the case (one of them is even infinite!) this means that the limit does not exist.
It is important to empasize that:
1) Each path should be presicely defined.
2) Each limit calculation must contain a CLEAR note to what path is used.
3) The final conclusion should be written down properly.

Show that the following limit do not exist:

(x + y)2
2) lim
(x,y)→(0,0) x2 + y 2

Define path 1 as approaching the origin along the positive x-axis: y = 0, x > 0 and x → 0.
Define path 2 as approaching the origin along the positive line y = x: x > 0, y = x and x → 0.
Along path 1, one gets:
(x + y)2 x2 x2
lim = lim = lim = lim (1) = 1
(x,y)→(0,0) x2 + y 2 (x,y)→(0,0) x2 + 02 (x,y)→(0,0) x2 (x,y)→(0,0)

But, along path 2, one gets:

(x + y)2 (x + x)2 4x2
lim = lim = lim = lim (2) = 2
(x,y)→(0,0) x2 + y 2 (x,y)→(0,0) x2 + x2 (x,y)→(0,0) 2x2 (x,y)→(0,0)

As limits are unique, it should have the same value regardless of the path chosen. As this is
not the case this means that the limit does not exist.
It is important to empasize that:
1) Each path should be presicely defined.
2) Each limit calculation must contain a CLEAR note to what path is used.
3) The final conclusion should be written down properly.

Show that the following limit do not exist:

x3 − y 3
3) lim
(x,y)→(0,0) x3 + y 3

1
Define path 1 as approaching the origin along the positive x-axis: y = 0, x > 0 and x → 0.
Define path 2 as approaching the origin along the positive line y = x: x > 0, y = x and x → 0.
Along path 1, one gets:
x3 − y 3 x3 − 03 x3
lim = lim = lim = lim (1) = 1
(x,y)→(0,0) x3 + y 3 (x,y)→(0,0) x3 + 03 (x,y)→(0,0) x3 (x,y)→(0,0)

But, along path 2, one gets:

x3 − y 3 x3 − x3 0
lim 3 3
= lim 3 3
= lim = lim (0) = 0
(x,y)→(0,0) x + y (x,y)→(0,0) x + x (x,y)→(0,0) 2x3 (x,y)→(0,0)

As limits are unique, it should have the same value regardless of the path chosen. As this is
not the case (one of them is even infinite!) this means that the limit does not exist.
It is important to empasize that:
1) Each path should be presicely defined.
2) Each limit calculation must contain a CLEAR note to what path is used.
3) The final conclusion should be written down properly.

Show that the following limit do not exist:

x2
4) lim
(x,y)→(0,0) x2 + y 3

Define path 1 as approaching the origin along the positive x-axis: y = 0, x > 0 and x → 0.
Define path 2 as approaching the origin along the positive y-axis: y > 0, x = 0 and y → 0.
Along path 1, one gets:
x2 x2 x2
lim = lim = lim = lim (1) = 1
(x,y)→(0,0) x2 + y 3 (x,y)→(0,0) x2 + 03 (x,y)→(0,0) x2 (x,y)→(0,0)

But, along path 2, one gets:

x2 02 0
lim 2 3
= lim 2 3
= lim = lim (0) = 0
(x,y)→(0,0) x + y (x,y)→(0,0) 0 + y (x,y)→(0,0) y 3 (x,y)→(0,0)

As limits are unique, it should have the same value regardless of the path chosen. As this is
not the case (one of them is even infinite!) this means that the limit does not exist.
It is important to empasize that:
1) Each path should be presicely defined.
2) Each limit calculation must contain a CLEAR note to what path is used.
3) The final conclusion should be written down properly.

Show that the following limit do not exist:

ex ey − 1
5) lim
(x,y)→(0,0) x3 + y 2

Define path 1 as approaching the origin along the positive x-axis: y = 0, x > 0 and x → 0.
Define path 2 as approaching the origin along the line y = −x; x > 0, y = −x and x → 0.
Along path 1, one gets:
d
ex ey − 1 ex e0 − 1 ex − 1 dx
(ex − 1) ex
lim = lim = lim = lim d
= lim =∞
(x,y)→(0,0) x3 + y 2 (x,y)→(0,0) x3 + 02 (x,y)→(0,0) x3 (x,y)→(0,0) (x3 ) (x,y)→(0,0) 3x2
dx

2
But, along path 2, one gets:

ex ey − 1 ex e−x − 1 1−1
lim = lim = lim = lim (0) = 0
(x,y)→(0,0) x3 + y 2 (x,y)→(0,0) x3 + (−x)2 (x,y)→(0,0) x3 + x2 (x,y)→(0,0)

As limits are unique, it should have the same value regardless of the path chosen. As this is
not the case (one of them is even infinite!) this means that the limit does not exist.
It is important to empasize that:
1) Each path should be presicely defined.
2) Each limit calculation must contain a CLEAR note to what path is used.
3) The final conclusion should be written down properly.