HOMEWORK I 44

ENVE 4460-59 (FA-20) 56

Group 1:
Bianka Cuevas Colón #106359
Abdiel Lugo Montes #107888
Valerie Rivera Nieves #99219
Kevin Sandoval Torres #94506

05 1.The Total Organic Carbon (TOC) data (mg/L) of the influent of a pharmaceutical
industry wastewater pretreatment plant over a 13-week period were the following:
13
Week Sunday Monday Tuesday Wednesday Thursday Friday Saturday

I 533 641 702 745 505 590 713

II 639 517 581 522 607 672 531
III 678 599 499 647 690 712 593
IV 493 660 539 584 544 611 614
V 738 740 662 563 649 528 551
VI 575 578 602 626 588 732 636
VII 656 682 744 707 729 752 655
VIII 618 536 560 500 524 548 572
IX 716 621 722 605 669 691 755
X 513 558 684 686 711 568 675
XI 699 720 519 541 628 632 511
XII 554 497 622 666 566 652 736
XIII 596 700 644 726 750 508 695

a. Develop a statistical plot of these TOC data in order to define the 10% and the
90% values (mg/L).
b. Determine the median and the standard deviation of these TOC data (mg/L).
c. Calculate the expected range (mg/L) for 68.2% of the future TOC data if the
processes at the industry are not changed and the lowest 15.9% and the highest
15.9% of the future TOC data are eliminated.

Statistical correlation of TOC data

Influent TOC Percent (%) of time TOC is equal to or less than
(mg/L) (*)
493 1 100
( 91 ) = 0.549
2
497 100
( 91 + 0.549) = 1.648
499 100
( 91 + 1.648) = 2.747
500 100
( 91 + 2.747) = 3.846
505 100
( 91 + 3.846) = 4.945
508 100
( 91 + 4.945) = 6.044
511 100
( 91 + 6.044) = 7.143
513 100
( 91 + 7.143) = 8.242
517 100
( 91 + 8.242) = 9.341
519 100
( 91 + 9.341) = 10.440
522 100
( 91 + 10.440) = 11.538
524 100
( 91 + 11.538) = 12.637
528 100
( 91 + 12.637) = 13.736
531 100
( 91 + 13.736) = 14.835
533 100
( 91 + 14.835) = 15.934
536 100
( 91 + 15.934) = 17.033
539 100
( 91 + 17.033) = 18.132
541 100
( 91 + 18.132) = 19.231
544 100
( 91 + 19.231) = 20.330
548 100
( 91 + 20.330) = 21.429
551 100
( 91 + 21.429) = 22.527
554 100
( 91 + 22.527) = 23.626
558 100
( 91 + 23.626) = 24.725
El título de la tabla debe aparecer en todas las páginas.
560 100
( + 24.725) = 25.824
91
563 100
( 91 + 25.824) = 26.923
566 100
( 91 + 26.923) = 28.022
568 100
( 91 + 28.022) = 29.121
572 100
( 91 + 29.121) = 30.220
575 100
( 91 + 30.220) = 31.319
578 100
( 91 + 31.319) = 32.418
581 100
( 91 + 32.418) = 33.516
584 100
( 91 + 33.516) = 34.615
588 100
( 91 + 34.615) = 35.714
590 100
( 91 + 35.714) = 36.813
593 100
( 91 + 36.813) = 37.912
596 100
( 91 + 37.912) = 39.011
599 100
( 91 + 39.011) = 40.110
602 100
( 91 + 40.110) = 41.209
605 100
( + 41.209) = 42.308
91
607 100
( 91 + 42.308) = 43.407
611 100
( 91 + 43.407) = 44.505
614 100
( 91 + 44.505) = 45.604
618 100
( 91 + 45.604) = 46.703
621 100
( 91 + 46.703) = 47.802
622 100
( 91 + 47.802) = 48.901
626 100
( 91 + 48.901) = 50.000
628 100
( 91 + 50.000) = 51.099
632 100
( 91 + 51.099) = 52.198
636 100
( 91 + 52.198) = 53.297
639 100
( 91 + 53.297) = 54.396
641 100
( 91 + 54.396) = 55.495
644 100
( 91 + 55.495) = 56.593
 ¿Título?
647 100
( 91 + 56.593) = 57.692
649 100
( 91 + 57.692) = 58.791
652 100
( 91 + 58.791) = 59.890
655 100
( 91 + 59.890) = 60.989
656 100
( 91 + 60.989) = 62.088
660 100
( 91 + 62.088) = 63.187
662 100
( 91 + 63.187) = 64.286
666 100
( 91 + 64.286) = 65.385
669 100
( 91 + 65.385) = 66.484
672 100
( 91 + 66.484) = 67.582
675 100
( 91 + 67.582) = 68.681
678 100
( 91 + 68.681) = 69.780
682 100
( 91 + 69.780) = 70.879
684 100
( 91 + 70.879) = 71.978
686 100
( 91 + 71.978) = 73.077
690 100
( + 73.077) = 74.176
91
691 100
( 91 + 74.176) = 75.275
695 100
( 91 + 75.275) = 76.374
699 100
( 91 + 76.374) = 77.473
700 100
( 91 + 77.473) = 78.571
702 100
( 91 + 78.571) = 79.670
707 100
( 91 + 79.670) = 80.769
711 100
( 91 + 80.769) = 81.868
712 100
( 91 + 81.868) = 82.967
713 100
( 91 + 82.967) = 84.066
716 100
( 91 + 84.066) = 85.165
720 100
( 91 + 85.165) = 86.264
722 100
( 91 + 86.264) = 87.363
726 100
( 91 + 87.363) = 88.462
 ¿Título?
729 100
( 91 + 88.462) = 89.560
732 100
( 91 + 89.560) = 90.659
736 100
( 91 + 90.659) = 91.758
738 100
( 91 + 91.758) = 92.857
740 100
( 91 + 92.857) = 93.956
744 100
( 91 + 93.956) = 95.055
745 100
( 91 + 95.055) = 96.154
750 100
( 91 + 96.154) = 97.253
752 100
( 91 + 97.253) = 98.352
755 100
( 91 + 98.352) = 99.451
(*) The data has been arranged in increasing order of magnitude.

? 𝑋10% = 519 mg/L

𝑋90% =729 mg/L
𝑋50% = 626 mg/L
𝑋15.9% = 𝟓𝟑𝟑 mg/L
𝑋84.1% = 𝟕𝟏𝟑 𝒎𝒈/𝑳
𝑚𝑔 𝑚𝑔
𝑋84.1% − 𝑋15.9% 713 𝐿 − 533 𝐿 𝒎𝒈
𝑺= = = 𝟗𝟎. 𝟎
2 2 𝑳
626 mg/L ± 90.0 mg/L
(716 mg/L, 536 mg/L)

2. The following BOD results were obtained on a sample of the influent of an industrial
wastewater pretreatment plant at 20oC:

(-1) El porcentaje
no puede ser
mayor de 100.

No indicaron cuales son las concentraciones correspondientes al X(10%), X(90%), mediana y desviación
estándar.
No indicaron el rango esperado para el 68.2% de los datos futuros de TOC. (-7)
Problema 2 13
Time BODt Time BODt
(days) (mg/L) (days) (mg/L)
17
0 0 8 604
1 130 9 637
2 253 10 667
3 350 11 692
4 427 12 711
5 483 13 727
6 529 14 741
7 566 15 748

For the given sample, using the Least Square Method and the Fujimoto Method,
estimate the:
a. rate reaction k(base e) (d-1 ).
b. rate reaction k(base 10) (d-1 ).
c. ultimate BOD (mg/L).
Prepare a table to compare the results obtained by both methods.
 1. Least squares Method

t y y2 y’ yy’
(d) (mg/L)
253−0
1
= 126.5
130 (130)2 = 16,900 2(2−1) (130) (126.5) = 16,445
350−130
2
= 110
253 (253)2 = 64,009 2(3−2) (253) (110) = 27,830
427−253
3
= 87
350 (350)2 = 122,500 2(4−3) (350) (87) = 30,450
483−350
4
= 66.5
427 (427)2 = 182,329 2(5−4) (427) (66.5) = 28,395.5
529−427
5
= 51
483 (483)2 = 233,289 2(6−5) (483) (51) = 24,633
566−483
6
= 41.5
529 (529)2 = 279,841 2(7−6) (529) (41.5) = 21,953.5
604−529
7
= 37.5
566 (566)2 = 320,356 2(8−7) (566) (37.5) = 21,225
637−566
8
= 35.5
604 (604)2 = 364,816 2(9−8) (604) (35.5) = 21,442
667−604
9
= 31.5
637 (637)2 = 405,769 2(10−9) (637) (31.5) = 20,065.5
692−637
10
= 27.5
667 (667)2 = 444,889 2(11−10) (667) (27.5) = 18,342.5
711−667
11
= 22
692 (692)2 = 478,864 2(12−11) (692) (22) = 15,224
727−692
12
= 17.5
711 (711)2 = 505,521 2(13−12) (711) (17.5) = 12,442.5
741−711
13
= 15
727 (727)2 = 528,529 2(14−13) (727) (15) = 10,905
748−727
14
= 10.5
741 (741)2 = 549,081 2(15−14) (741) (10.5) = 7,780.5

Σ 7,517 4,496,693 679.5 277,134

 𝒏𝒂 + 𝒃 ∑ 𝒚′ = 𝟎

14𝑎 + 7,517𝑏 − 679.5 = 0

𝒂 ∑ 𝒚 + 𝒃 ∑ 𝒚𝟐 − ∑ 𝒚𝒚′ = 𝟎

7,517𝑎 + 4,496,693𝑏 − 277,134 = 0

Use the following equations to find the values of 𝒂 and 𝒃.

14𝑎 + 7,517𝑏 − 679.5 = 0

7,517𝑎 + 4,496,693𝑏 − 277,134 = 0

Based on Calculator Values:

𝒂 = 𝟏𝟓𝟎. 𝟕𝟖
𝒃 = −𝟎. 𝟏𝟗𝟎𝟒

Rate reaction k(base e)

𝑘(𝑏𝑎𝑠𝑒 𝑒) = −𝑏 = −(−0.1904) = 0.1904 𝑑 −1

𝒌(𝒃𝒂𝒔𝒆 𝒆) = 𝟎. 𝟏𝟗𝟎𝟒 𝒅−𝟏

Rate reaction k(base 10)

𝑘(𝑏𝑎𝑠𝑒 𝑒) 0.1904
𝑘(𝑏𝑎𝑠𝑒 10) = = = 0.08269 𝑑−1
ln 10 ln 10

𝒌(𝒃𝒂𝒔𝒆 𝟏𝟎) = 𝟎. 𝟎𝟖𝟐𝟔𝟗 𝒅−𝟏

Ultimate BOD

𝑎
𝐿 = 𝐵𝑂𝐷𝑢𝑙𝑡𝑖𝑚𝑎𝑡𝑒 = −
𝑏

150.78
𝐿=− = 791.91 𝑚𝑔/𝐿
−0.1904

𝑳 = 𝟕𝟗𝟏. 𝟗𝟏 𝒎𝒈/𝑳

2. Fujimoto graphical method

BOD(t) (mg/L) BOD(t+1) (mg/L)

0 130
130 253
253 350
350 427
427 483
483 529
529 566
566 604
604 637
637 667
667 692
692 711
711 727
727 741
741 748
 Fujimoto method graph
900

850

800

750

700

650

600
TOC(t+1),𝑚𝑔/𝐿

550

500

450

400

350

300

250

200

150

100

50

0
0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400 450 500 550 600 650 700 750 800 850 900

TOC(t),𝑚𝑔/𝐿 (-1)
BOD
From graph, 𝑳 ~ 𝟕𝟗𝟐 𝒎𝒈/𝑳

𝐵𝑂𝐷𝑡 = 𝑦𝑡 = 𝐿(1 − 𝑒 −𝑘(𝑏𝑎𝑠𝑒 𝑒) 𝑡 )

Select the BOD of an intermediate value. Say, t = 7 days.

𝑚𝑔 𝑚𝑔
𝑦7 = 566 = 792 (1 − 𝑒 −7𝑘(𝑏𝑎𝑠𝑒 𝑒) )
𝐿 𝐿

𝒌(𝒃𝒂𝒔𝒆 𝒆) = 𝟎. 𝟏𝟕𝟗𝟏 𝒅−𝟏

k (base 10) = ? (-1)

 Determine the BOD5: Este valor no hay que calcularlo. El problema lo da (483 mg/L)

(-1)
𝐵𝑂𝐷𝑡 = 𝐿(1 − 𝑒 −𝑘(𝑏𝑎𝑠𝑒 𝑒) 𝑡 )

𝑚𝑔 0.1791
𝐵𝑂𝐷5 = 792 (1 − 𝑒 −( 𝑑 )(7𝑑) )
𝐿

𝑩𝑶𝑫𝟓 = 𝟓𝟔𝟓. 𝟗𝟑

No incluyeron la tabla de comparación de resultados de los dos métodos. (-1)

_____________________________________________________________________________
3. The process wastewater of an industry has the following constituents:
26
26
Characteristic
Compound Formula Concentration (at the given
(mg/L) concentration)
Acetic acid C2H4O2 89.7 Biodegradable
Benzene C6H6 57.6 Non-biodegradable
Dimethylformaldehyde (CH3)2CO 75.9 Biodegradable
(Acetone)
Ethoxyethane (Ethyl ether) (C2H5)2O 16.8 Non-biodegradable

Ethyl alcohol C2H6O 39.8 Biodegradable

Isophorene C9H14O 2.5 Non-biodegradable
Phenol C6H5OH 179.4 Biodegradable
Use the atomic weights of the Periodic Table included at the Blackboard Platform.

For the given industrial wastewater, determine the:

a. Chemical Oxygen Demand (mg/L).
b. Total Organic Carbon (mg/L).
c. 20oC, 5-day Biochemical Oxygen Demand (mg/L) if ke is 0.243 d-1.
a), b)
 Acetic Acid: C2H4O2 + 2O2 → 2CO2 + 2H2O
𝑀𝑜𝑙𝑒𝑐𝑢𝑙𝑎𝑟 𝑊𝑒𝑖𝑔ℎ𝑡 𝑜𝑓 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑠𝑢𝑚𝑒𝑑 𝑜𝑥𝑦𝑔𝑒𝑛
𝐶𝑂𝐷 = (𝐶)
𝑀𝑜𝑙𝑒𝑐𝑢𝑙𝑎𝑟 𝑊𝑒𝑖𝑔ℎ𝑡 𝑜𝑓 𝑜𝑥𝑖𝑑𝑖𝑥𝑒𝑑 𝑠𝑢𝑏𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑐𝑒𝑠
(2)(2)(16.00) 𝑚𝑔 𝒎𝒈
𝐶𝑂𝐷 = (89.7 ) = 𝟗𝟓. 𝟓𝟖
2(12.01) + 4(1.01) + 2(16.00) 𝐿 𝑳
𝑊𝑒𝑖𝑔ℎ𝑡 𝑜𝑓 𝑐𝑎𝑟𝑏𝑜𝑛 𝑝𝑟𝑜𝑑𝑢𝑐𝑒𝑑
𝑇𝑂𝐶 = (𝐶)
𝑀𝑜𝑙𝑒𝑐𝑢𝑙𝑎𝑟 𝑤𝑒𝑖𝑔ℎ𝑡 𝑜𝑓 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑠𝑢𝑏𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑐𝑒
2(12.01) 𝑚𝑔 𝒎𝒈
𝑇𝑂𝐶 = (89.97 ) = 𝟑𝟓. 𝟖𝟕
2(12.01) + 4(1.01) + 2(16.00) 𝐿 𝑳

Benzene: C6H6 + 7.5O2 → 6CO2 + 3H2O

(7.5)(2)(16.00) 𝑚𝑔 𝒎𝒈
𝐶𝑂𝐷 = (57.6 ) = 𝟏𝟕𝟔. 𝟗𝟔
6(12.01) + 6(1.01) 𝐿 𝑳
6(12.01) 𝑚𝑔 𝒎𝒈
𝑇𝑂𝐶 = (57.6 ) = 𝟓𝟑. 𝟏𝟑
6(12.01) + 6(1.01) 𝐿 𝑳

Dimethylformaldehyde (Acetone): (CH3)2 CO+ 4O2 → 3CO2 + 3H2O

(4)(2)(16.00) 𝑚𝑔 𝒎𝒈
𝐶𝑂𝐷 = (75.9 ) = 𝟏𝟔𝟕. 𝟐𝟒
3(12.01) + 6(1.01) + 16.00 𝐿 𝑳
(3)(12.01) 𝑚𝑔 𝒎𝒈
𝑇𝑂𝐶 = (75.9 ) = 𝟒𝟕. 𝟎𝟖
3(12.01) + 6(1.01) + 16.00 𝐿 𝑳

Ethoxyethane (Ethyl ether): (C2H5)2 O+ 6O2 → 4CO2 + 5H2O

(6)(2)(16.00) 𝑚𝑔 𝒎𝒈
𝐶𝑂𝐷 = (16.8 ) = 𝟒𝟑. 𝟓𝟏
4(12.01) + 10(1.01) + 16.00 𝐿 𝑳
(4)(12.01) 𝑚𝑔 𝒎𝒈
𝑇𝑂𝐶 = (16.8 ) = 𝟏𝟎. 𝟖𝟗
4(12.01) + 10(1.01) + 16.00 𝐿 𝑳
Ethyl alcohol: C2H6O+ 3O2 → 2CO2 + 3H2O
(3)(2)(16.00) 𝑚𝑔 𝒎𝒈
𝐶𝑂𝐷 = (39.8 ) = 𝟖𝟐. 𝟗𝟐
2(12.01) + 6(1.01) + 16.00 𝐿 𝑳
(2)(12.01) 𝑚𝑔 𝒎𝒈
𝑇𝑂𝐶 = (39.8 ) = 𝟐𝟎. 𝟕𝟓
2(12.01) + 6(1.01) + 16.00 𝐿 𝑳

Isophorene: C9H14O+ 12O2 → 9CO2 + 7H2O

(12)(2)(16.00) 𝑚𝑔 𝒎𝒈
𝐶𝑂𝐷 = (2.5 ) = 𝟔. 𝟗𝟒
9(12.01) + 14(1.01) + 16.00 𝐿 𝑳
(9)(12.01) 𝑚𝑔 𝒎𝒈
𝑇𝑂𝐶 = (2.5 ) = 𝟏. 𝟗𝟓
9(12.01) + 14(1.01) + 16.00 𝐿 𝑳

Phenol: C6H5OH+ 7O2 → 6CO2 + 3H2O

(7)(2)(16.00) 𝑚𝑔 𝒎𝒈
𝐶𝑂𝐷 = (179.4 ) = 𝟒𝟐𝟔. 𝟗𝟔
6(12.01) + 6(1.01) + 16.00 𝐿 𝑳
(6)(12.01) 𝑚𝑔 𝒎𝒈
𝑇𝑂𝐶 = (179.4 ) = 𝟏𝟑𝟕. 𝟑𝟓
6(12.01) + 6(1.01) + 16.00 𝐿 𝑳

The COD of the raw wastewater is:

𝑚𝑔 𝒎𝒈
𝑪𝑶𝑫 = (95.58 + 176.96 + 167.24 + 43.51 + 82.92 + 6.94 + 426.96) = 𝟏, 𝟎𝟎𝟎. 𝟏𝟏
𝐿 𝑳
The TOC of the raw wastewater is:
𝑚𝑔 𝒎𝒈
𝑻𝑶𝑪 = (35.87 + 53.13 + 47.08 + 10.89 + 20.75 + 1.95 + 137.35) = 𝟑𝟎𝟕. 𝟎𝟐
𝐿 𝑳
C)
Ultimate BOD
L=0.92(COD)bio
𝑚𝑔 𝑚𝑔 𝑚𝑔 𝑚𝑔 𝒎𝒈
𝑳 = 0.92 (95.58 + 167.24 + 82.92 + 426.96 ) = 𝟕𝟏𝟎. 𝟖𝟖
𝐿 𝐿 𝐿 𝐿 𝑳
𝑩𝑶𝑫𝟓 = 𝑳(𝟏 − 𝒆−𝒌𝒕 )
𝑚𝑔 𝒎𝒈
𝑩𝑶𝑫𝟓 = 710.88 (1 − 𝑒 −(0.243∗5𝑑) ) = 𝟒𝟗𝟗. 𝟗𝟓
𝐿 𝑳
Work Distribution:
Name Participation percentage
Bianka Cuevas Colón 25%
Abdiel Lugo Montes 25%
Valerie Rivera Nieves 25%
Kevin Sandoval Torres 25%