POWER GENERATION

COURSE TEACHER: Dr. Umbrin Sultana

 Generating Station:
Bulk electric power is produced by special plant known a Generating
Station or power plants.

A generating station essentially employ a prime mover coupled to an

alternator for the production of electric power.

The prime mover (e.g. steam turbine , water turbine etc.) converts energy
from some other form into mechanical energy.

The alternator converts mechanical energy of the prime mover into

electrical energy.
 Types of Generating Stations

➢Steam power stations

➢Gas turbines
➢Hydroelectric power stations
➢Diesel power stations
➢Nuclear Power stations
Comparison of the various power plants:
Increased losses:
 PLANT TYPE, LOCATION AND SITE SELECTON

In all engineering works question of cost is of first importance.

Designing electrical power generating stations and other

systems efforts are made to achieve overall economy so that the

per unit cost of generation is the lowest possible.

This will enable supplier to supply electrical energy to its

consumers at reasonable rates.
 PLANT TYPE, LOCATION AND SITE SELECTON

In every system, economy plays an important role.

A saving in cost of generation of electrical power represents

a significant reduction in the operating cost as well as fuel
cost.

The electrical engineer has to adopt a cheapest and most

convenient scheme.
 PLANT TYPE SELECTON

Following general points should be kept in mind

during selection of type of generation

Kind of fuel available

Fuel Cost
Availability of suitable site for water power
Nature of the load to be supplied
Base Load and Peak Load
 Base power plant:

The power plants to be employed as base power plants should

have:
(i) low operating cost

(ii) capability of working continuously for the long periods

(iii) requirement of few operating personnel and their repair

should be economical and speedy.

Peak power plant:

The power plants to be employed as peak power plants

should have the capability of quick start, synchronization
and taking up of system load and quick response to load
variation.
 Choice of power plant base on load
The Hydro-power plants are well suited for both
base load and peak load operations.
The hydro-power plants should be employed for
base load operation as far as possible because of
their higher capital cost.
However, during the periods of peak, hydro-plants
may be used as peak load plants.
 Choice of power plant base on load

A steam power plant gives minimum cost of

generation per unit when used as base load
plant. However, in order to save fuel it may
be used as peak load plant.
Nuclear power plants are suitable only for
base load operation at load factors
exceeding 0.8.
 Choice of power plant base on load

Gas turbine power plants are suitable for

supplying peak loads.

 diesel power plants play a very little role

in bulk power generation because of their
uneconomical operation costs.
PLANT LOCATION AND SITE SELECTON
➢Raw material availability.
➢Location (with respect to the marketing
area.)
➢The cost of transmitting the energy to
the consumer
➢The cost of transmitting the fuel to the
station(road, rail or water transport)
PLANT LOCATION AND SITE SELECTON
➢Cost of an oil pipeline
➢Cost of land
➢Topography of the land
➢Climate (Rainfall during the year/wind
capacity)
➢Availability of labours.
➢Availability of utilities (Water, Electricity).
PLANT LOCATION AND SITE SELECTON

Environmental impact and

effluent disposal.
Local community considerations.
Political strategic considerations.
Taxations and legal restrictions
PLANT LOCATION AND SITE SELECTON

Catchment area
Suitable site for storing water behind
the dam
Sufficient quantity of water at
sufficient head
Cost of civil engineering works
Transmission lines cost
PLANT LOCATION AND SITE SELECTON

Foundation
Noise
Storage space for fuel
Transport facilities
Availability of water for cooling the
engines or prime movers
Nature of load
Other Factors:

Degree of reliability
Cost of purchased power
Process steam
 PLANT LAYOUT

Thus the economic construction and

efficient operation of a process unit
will depend on

how well the plant and equipment

specified on the process flow sheet
is laid out.
 PLANT LAYOUT
The principal factors that are
considered are listed below:

1. Economic considerations:
construction and operating costs.

2. Process requirements.
PLANT LAYOUT

3. Convenience of operation.
4. Convenience of maintenance.
5. Health and Safety considerations.
6. Future plant expansion.
7. Modular construction.
8. Waste disposal requirements