REVIEWER IN PROF ED 4
Reviewer in Prod Ed 4
Intellectual Disability > limits a person's ability
to learn and function in daily life. Learn and
develop more slowly
1.mild MR with IQ scores from 55 to 70
2. moderate MR with IQ scores from 40-54
3. severe MR with IQ scores from 25 to 39
4. profound MR with IQ scores below 25
Classification based on the amount of
support that the person need:
1. Intermittent supports
2. Limmited supports
3. Extensive supports
4. Pervasive supports
Causes of Intellectual Disability
1. Pre-natal or biological (occuring before
birth)
2. Perinatal (occuring during birth)
3. Post natal and environmental (occuring
shortly after birth)
BIOLOGICAL CAUSES- known for about two-
thirds of individuals with the more severe forms
that includes the moderate, severe and
profound types
ENVIRONMENTAL CAUSES- traced to
psychological disadvantage which is
combination f a poor social and cultural
environments early in the child’s life.
Down Syndrome- caused by chromosomal
abnormality, the most common is Trisomy 21.
Klinefelter Syndrome- males receive an extra X
chromosome.
Fragile X Syndrome- a trilet or repeat mutation
on the X chromosome inteferes with the
production of FMR-1 protein.
William Syndrome- deletion of a portion of the
seventh chromosome.
Phenylketonuria (PKU)- inborn error in
metabolism.
Developmental Disorders of brain formation
includes cranial malformations:
a. Anencephaly- major portions of the brain are
absent
b. Microcephaly-the skull is small and conical
c. Hydrocephaly- blockage of cerebrospinal
fluid in the cranial cavity
Fetal alcohol Syndrome (FAS)- one of the
leading causes of mental retardation. The
mother’s excessive alcohol use during
pregnancy.
 REVIEWER IN PROF ED 4

Autism Spectrum Disorder have problems with systematic fashion. He is especially famous for
social communication and interaction, and his work with Victor, the “Wild boy of Aveyron,”
restricted or repetitive behaviors or interests. a feral child.

"spectrum" in autism spectrum disorder refers Dr. Samuel A. Kirk the father of learning
to the wide range of symptoms and severity. disabilities.

BRUNO BETTLEHEIM-in 1967, a proffesionalist

believed that autism was caused by the child’s
parents (the mother in particular) not providing
love or attention.

POSSIBLE CAUSES OF ASD

1. Genetics

2. Role of Environment

3. Nurture

Gifted have advanced natural abilities well

above average, compared to children their own
age.

Talented child achieves at a very high level in

one or more of a variety of areas, including
academic learning, the arts (such as music,
dance, painting), sport and athletics, as well as
technology.

The Individuals with Disabilities Education Act

(IDEA) is a law that makes available a free
appropriate public education to eligible children
with disabilities throughout the nation and
ensures special education and related services
to those children.

Section 504 prohibits discrimination on the

basis of disability in programs or activities that
receive Federal financial assistance from the
U.S. Department of Education.

Jean Marc Itard is noted for his work with deaf-

mutes, and was one of the first to attempt the
education of mentally retarded children in a