1

Application of Analytical Hierarchy Process to

Select Airlines during COVID-19 for Statistics
Class 2017-2019
Annisa Yunika, Inayah Putri Hariningtyas, Annisa Farah Aqila, Kartika Devy Kusumawardhani, Agus
Suharsono, and Hidayatul Khusna
Undergraduate Program, Department of Statistics, Faculty of Science and Data Analytics
Sepuluh Nopember Institute of Technology Surabaya (ITS)
Jl. Arief Rahman Hakim, Surabaya 60111 Indonesia
e-mail: annisayunika14@gmail.com, pinayah26@gmail.com, annisa.farah79@gmail.com,
kartikadevy124@gmail.com, agus_s@statistika.its.ac.id, hidayatul@its.ac.id

Abstract—An airline is an organization that provides
airline services for passengers or goods. Indonesia is the largest
archipelago country globally and has more than 100,000
islands scattered along the equator. Therefore, air
transportation is one of the main forms of transportation in the
country. In 2019 a new type of coronavirus was discovered, and
it is called Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). This virus
can be transmitted from human to human (Relman, 2020) and
quickly spreads. The current covid-19 pandemic has resulted
in people being more careful when traveling, including airline
passengers. In choosing an airline, passengers currently pay
attention to several criteria: cost, service, facility, and health
protocols. In this research, an analysis will be carried out using
the analytic hierarchy process (AHP) method to select airlines
during the Covid-19 pandemic for its 2017-2019 statistics
students. The number of airlines operating in Indonesia, the
author wants to know which of the 4 airlines, namely Garuda
Indonesia, Lion Air, Citilink, and Batik Air, which passengers
will choose by looking at the criteria for cost, service, and
implementation of health protocols and various other sub-
criteria. After the analysis was carried out, it was found that
the process had a CR value <0.1, so it could be interpreted that
the process had a good level of consistency, and it was known
that the Garuda Indonesia airline was the most popular with
respondents from all sub-criteria, and the most important
criterion was the application of the health protocol, in
particular, is the application of social distancing.
Keywords—AHP, Airlines, Consistency Ratio, Criteria,
Weight
I. INTRODUCTION
n airline is an organization that provides airline services
A for passengers or goods. Indonesia is a country located
in Southeast Asia. This country is the largest archipelago in
the world. The country has more than 100,000 islands
scattered along the equator. Therefore, air transportation is
one of the main forms of transportation in the country. Since
2000, the aviation regulations in Indonesia have begun to be
relaxed, resulting in many new airlines in Indonesia. There
are 13 commercial airlines scheduled in Indonesia, namely
Aviastar, Batik Air, Citilink, Garuda Indonesia, Indonesia
AirAsia, Kalstar Aviation, Lion Air, NAM Air, Sriwijaya
Air, Susi Air, TransNusa, Wings Air, and Xpress Air.
By looking at the possibilities that could occur, the
government issued a policy for airlines whereby the airline
is responsible for the loss of passengers who die, have
permanent disabilities, or injuries resulting from air
transportation events, as regulated in Article 179 of Law
No.1 2009 concerning Aviation, where the article states that
transportation is obliged to insure responsibility for
passengers and cargo. From this law, airlines impose
insurance or insurance funds for passengers only through
Jasa Raharja Insurance [1]. In 2019 airlines issued a new
policy, namely paid baggage. Several domestic airlines that
implement this policy include Garuda Indonesia, Lion Air,
Citilink, and Batik Air. Baggage rates that are applied by
different airlines adjust the flight routes that passengers
choose.
In 2019, a new type of coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) was
discovered, and the disease is called Coronavirus disease
2019 (COVID-19). This virus can be transmitted from
human to human (Relman, 2020) and quickly spreads.
Currently, there are as many as 65 countries infected with
coronavirus, including Indonesia [2]. The number of
COVID-19 cases in Indonesia continues to increase over
time. Therefore, the government issued regulations and
provisions to reduce the spread of COVID-19, namely by
using masks, always washing hands, and social distancing.
The government requires every community to comply with
and implement health protocols. This also applies to airlines.
Many airlines have implemented health protocols by
checking body temperature, giving each seat distance, and
wearing masks. Airlines that have implemented this health
protocol include Garuda Indonesia, Lion Air, Citilink, and
Batik Air.
In choosing an airline, passengers currently pay attention
to several criteria: cost, service, facilities, and health
protocols. In the cost criteria, customers pay attention to
insurance costs and baggage fees given by an airline. An
airline's service criteria make passengers use these services
for a long time, namely the timeliness and friendly attitude
of employees to passengers. The facility criteria support
passengers' comfort when flying, namely the availability of
clean toilets, the availability of food or snacks, and the size
of the aircraft cabin. Meanwhile, the criteria for
implementing health protocols are to give each seat a
distance and availability of hand sanitizer.
The number of airlines operating in Indonesia, the author
wants to know which of the 4 airlines, namely Garuda
Indonesia, Lion Air, Citilink, and Batik Air, will choose by
looking at the cost, criteria service, and implementation of
health protocols. To solve this problem, the Analytical

Hierarchy Process method is used, known as AHP, a model
for decision making that can help the human frame of mind.
AHP is a method that solves a complex and unstructured
problem into its groups, arranges the groups into a
hierarchy, then enters a numerical value as a substitute for
human perception in making relative comparisons and
finally, with synthesis, it is determined which elements have
the highest priority. By applying the criteria for cost,
service, and application of health protocols that are used as a
comparison in determining and choosing between the 4
airlines, namely Garuda Indonesia, Lion Air, Citilink, and
Batik Air to get the airline that suits can produce the wishes
and comfort of air travel.
II. LITERATURE REVIEW
A. Descriptive Statistics
Descriptive statistics collect, process, and analyze data
and then present it in good form. Some of the things
included in this section are collecting data, processing data,
analyzing data, and presenting it. Descriptive statistics only
provide information about the data available and do not
draw any inferences or conclusions about the larger parent
group [3]. Examples of descriptive statistics that often
appear are tables, diagrams, graphs. The data set obtained
will be presented concisely and neatly with descriptive
statistics and can provide core information from existing
data sets. The information obtained from these descriptive
statistics includes the size of data concentration, the size of
data distribution, and a data cluster's tendency.
B. Pie Chart
A pie chart is a diagram presented in the form of a circle
divided into several regions. The pie chart presentation is
the percentage of the data used. Pie charts are handy for
showing and comparing proportions of data. A pie chart
shows the percentage of data in a data series as part of a
circle [4].
Figure 1. Pie chart
C. Simple Random Sampling
Simple random sampling is the simplest and most
Simple random sampling is the simplest and most common
method of selecting the sample. The sample is selected unit
by unit, with an equal probability of selecting each unit at
each draw. In other words, simple random sampling is
selecting a sample s of n units from a population Ω of size N
by giving an equal probability of selection to all units [5]. It
is a sampling scheme in which what may form all possible
combinations of n units from the population of N units with
the same chance of selection. estimate the size of n using the
following formula:
2
𝑁𝑝𝑞
𝑛 = (𝑁−1)𝐷+𝑝𝑞 (1)
𝐵2
Where 𝑞 = 1 − 𝑝 and 𝐷 =
4
1. If a unit is selected, observed, and replaced in the
population before the next draw is made, the procedure
is repeated n times. It gives rise to a simple random
sample of n units. This procedure is known as simple
random sampling with replacement.
2. If a unit is selected, observed, and not replaced in the
population before making the next draw. The procedure
is repeated until n distinct units are selected. Ignoring all
repetitions is called simple random sampling without
replacement.
D. AHP
Analytic Hierarchy Process is a model for decision
making that can help human thinking framework. Basically,
AHP is a method that solves a complex and unstructured
problem into its groups, arranges the groups into a
hierarchy, then enters a numerical value as a substitute for
human perception in making relative comparisons and
finally, with synthesis, it is determined which elements have
the highest priority. The Analytical Hierarchy Process is a
decision approach designed to solve complex multiple
criteria problems in many application domains [6]. This
method has been proven to be an effective and practical
approach that can consider complex and unstructured
decisions [7]. The AHP method is a method that can be used
in a decision-making system by taking into account the
factors of perception, preference, experience, and intuition
[8]. The choice of methodology is based on the problem's
characteristics and consideration of other methodologies'
advantages and disadvantages. The decision-maker assesses
the importance of each criterion in pairwise comparisons.
The AHP result is a priority ranking or weighting of each
alternative decision. Basically, there are three steps for
considering decision problems according to the AHP:
building a hierarchy, comparative judgment, and priority
synthesis.
1. Formation of structural hierarchies
This step allows complex decisions to be organized into
a hierarchy that extends from the overall objective to various
'criteria,' 'sub criteria,' and so on down to the lowest level.
The overall goals or objectives of the decisions are
represented at the top level of the hierarchy. Criteria and sub
criteria that contribute to decisions are represented at the
intermediate level. Finally, decision alternatives or selection
options are placed at the last level of the hierarchy. One can
build hierarchies by thinking creatively, remembering, and
using people's perspectives. There is no defined procedure
to generate levels that are included in the hierarchy (Saaty
2000). The hierarchical structure depends on the nature or
type of managerial decisions. The number of levels in the
hierarchy depends on the complexity of the problem being
analyzed and the level of detail of the problem that an
analyst needs to solve [9]. Thus, the hierarchical
representation of a system can differ from one person to
another.
2. Forming a comparative assessment
After the hierarchy is structured, the next step is to
determine the elements' priority at each level ('element' here
 3

means each member of the hierarchy). A set of comparison importance among elements), global weights, and the
matrices of all the elements in the hierarchical level maximum eigenvalues (λmaks) for each matrix.
corresponding to the higher levels' elements is immediately The value of λmax is an important validation parameter
constructed to prioritize and convert individual comparative in AHP. It is used as a reference index to filter information
judgments into ratio scale measures. Preference is calculated by calculating the CR consistency ratio of the estimated
using a nine-point scale. Pairwise comparisons are given in vector to validate whether the pairwise comparison matrix
terms of how much element A is more important than provides a fully consistent evaluation. The consistency ratio
element B. Since the AHP approach is a subjective is calculated based on the following steps:
methodology [10], information and priority weighting 1. Calculate the eigenvectors or relative weights and
elements can be obtained from corporate decision-makers λmax for each matrix of order n.
using direct question and answer method or questionnaire. 2. Calculate the consistency index for each matrix of
Suppose a hierarchical sub-system with criteria B and order n with the formula:
some n alternatives under it, Aᵢ to An. Comparisons between (𝜆𝑚𝑎𝑥 −𝑛)
the hierarchical sub-system alternatives can be made in the 𝐶𝐼 = (𝑛−1)
(1)
form of an n x n matrix, as shown below. 3. The consistency ratio is then calculated using the
Table 1. Pairwise comparison matrix formula:
B A1 A2 ... An 𝐶𝐼
A1 a11 a12 ... a1n 𝐶𝑅 = 𝑅𝐼 (2)
A2 a21 a22 ... a2n RI is a known random consistency index obtained from
... .. ... ... ... many simulations run and varies depending on the order of
Am am1 am2 ... amn
the matrix. Table 3 shows the random consistency index
The value of a11 is the ratio value of elements A1 (row) (RI) values for matrices of order 1 to 10 obtained by
to A1 (column), which states the relationship of how far the approaching the random index using a sample size of 500.
level of importance or dominance of A1 (row) to criterion C Table 3. Average random index (RI) based on matrix size
is compared to A1 (column) or how much of the properties Size of matrix Random consistency index
of criterion C are in A1 (row) compared with A1 (column). (n) (RI)
The numerical values applied to all comparisons are 1 0
obtained from the ratio scale 1 to 9 set by Saaty, as in the 2 0
following table: 3 0.52
4 0.89
Table 2. Scale of preference between two elements 5 1.11
Preference 6 1.25
weights/level Definition Explanation 7 1.35
of importance 8 1.40
9 1.45
Equally Two activities contribute 10 1.49
1
preferred equally to the objective
Experience and judgement E. Airline
Moderately
3 slightly favour one activity The airline is derived from the Dutch language, namely
preferred
over another "Maatschappij," which means "company." At the same time,
Experience and judgement
Strongly aviation has the meaning, namely: a unified system
5 strongly or essentially favour
preferred consisting of the use of airspace, aircraft, airports, air
one activity over another
An activity is strongly transportation, flight navigation, safety and security,
Very environment life, as well as supporting facilities and other
favoured over another and its
7 strongly public facilities. The airline is a private or government-
dominance demonstrated in
preferred
practice owned company specializing in providing air transport
The evidence favouring one services for public passengers, both scheduled (scheduled
Extremely activity over another is of the service/regular flight) and non-scheduled service [11].
9
preferred highest degree possible of Scheduled flights take flight routes based on time schedules,
affirmation
destination cities, and fixed stopover cities. On the other
Used to represent compromise
2, 4, 6, 8
Intermediat
between the preferences listed
hand, unscheduled flights, with times, routes, and
es values destinations and stopovers depending on the lessee's needs
above
Reciprocals Reciprocals for inverse comparison and requests. Airline is an airlines that issue flight
documents to carry passengers and their luggage,
3. Synthesis of priority and consistency measurement consignments (cargo), and postal items (mail) by airplane
Pairwise comparisons produce a relative ranking matrix [12]. According to the provisions of Law Number 1 of 2009
for each level of the hierarchy. The number of matrices concerning aviation Article 1 paragraph (25), air
depends on the number of elements in each level. The order transportation is a commercial air transportation business
of the matrices at each level depends on the number of entity, the holder of a commercial air transportation activity
elements at the bottom level linked. After all the matrices license that carries out commercial air transportation
have been developed, and all paired comparisons are activities based on the provisions of this law and/or a
obtained, the eigenvectors or relative weights (relative business entity, in addition to commercial air transportation
business entities that make commercial air transport
 4

contracts. Carriers for air transportation are companies or III. METHODOLOGY

airlines that have obtained an operating license from the
A. Research Design
government using civilian aircraft for a fee.
Some of the alternative airlines chosen to be compared In this case, the author wants to get information about
in this research are as follows. ITS Statistics undergraduate students' preferences in
choosing airlines in the pandemic era. Based on this, the
1. Garuda Indonesia
criteria for the criteria set are ITS Statistics Undergraduate
PT. Garuda Indonesia (Persero) Tbk is a national airline Students in semesters 3, 5 and, 7 who have boarded an
owned by the Indonesian government (BUMN). Garuda is airline on the alternatives that made.
the name of a mythical bird in the puppet legend. In 2009,
the airline received the IATA Operational Safety Audit B. Data Sources
(IOSA) certification from IATA, which means that Garuda The data source used in the study is primary data
has met international aviation safety standards. Garuda is collected by studying online questionnaires with a link
included in the list of four-star airlines from Skytrax, which (bit.ly/isikelompok3dong) on December 21, 2020, at 15.00.
means good performance and service. In 2012, Garuda Sampling method in this study, the author used Simple
Indonesia was awarded the Best International Airline among Random Sampling (SRS) method for proportion. After
other world-class airlines, with 91 percent of passengers conducting a pre-survey of 30 students, n value is 45 and
considered very satisfied with its services. In 2014 Garuda divided into 3 batches so that 15 samples are obtained at
will join the SkyTeam aviation alliance. each batch.
2. Lion Air C. Alternative Criteria Table
Lion Air is a subsidiary of PT. Langit Esa Oktagon (PT.
LEO Group) is part of the wider Lion Group. As a leading Some of the criteria used in this study are data from
online survey results so that the following are obtained:
domestic airline and disciplined low-cost carrier, they offer
value-conscious customers focusing on price, flight Table 4. Criteria Table
frequency, and an extensive route network throughout Level 1 Criteria Level 2 Criteria Alternative Level 3
Indonesia. Since its first flight in 2000, Lion Air has grown Garuda Indonesia
rapidly to become Indonesia's preferred domestic airline. In Lion Air
Insurance fee
2018, Lion Air carried 36.8 million passengers - nearly 35% Citilink
Batik Air
of all air travelers in the country - to islands, cities, and Cost
Garuda Indonesia
communities across the archipelago. They success in Lion Air
becoming the leading low-cost airline in the country is built Baggage fee
Citilink
on providing customers with exceptional fare value, Batik Air
ensuring comfortable flight schedules, and creating an Garuda Indonesia
important route network for the benefit of 260 million Lion Air
On schedule
people in Southeast Asia's most populous country. Since Citilink
2018, they have strategically expanded our passenger Batik Air
Service
services to select international markets, including Singapore, Garuda Indonesia
Lion Air
Malaysia, Saudi Arabia, and China. Employee ethics
Citilink
3. Citilink Batik Air
Citilink (PT Citilink Indonesia) is a low-cost airline and Garuda Indonesia
a subsidiary of Garuda Indonesia. The company was Availability of Lion Air
clean toilets Citilink
founded in 2001 as a Strategic Business Unit (SBU) and
Batik Air
functions as an alternative to low-cost airlines in Indonesia. Garuda Indonesia
Since July 30, 2012, Citilink officially operates as a separate Lion Air
business entity from Garuda Indonesia after obtaining an Air Facility Snack
Citilink
Operator Certificate (AOC). Citilink operates 17 aircraft Batik Air
with the new logo, call sign, and uniform. The airline's main Garuda Indonesia
connecting airport is Juanda International Airport in Lion Air
Specious cabin
Surabaya. Citilink
Batik Air
4. Batik Air Garuda Indonesia
Batik Air is an Indonesian proposed airline that started Application of Lion Air
operations in 2013. This airline is one of Lion Air's long- social distancing Citilink
haul companies. Batik Airbases its aircraft in Manado, a city Application of Batik Air
on the island of Sulawesi, Indonesia. It is planned to Health Protocol Garuda Indonesia
Availability of Lion Air
compete with full-service airlines such as Garuda Indonesia
hand sanitizer Citilink
and other low-cost airlines such as Jetstar Airways. Lion Batik Air
Air, the parent company of Batik Air, plans to create a long-
haul airline called Batik Air, using Boeing 737 900ER
D. AHP Analysis Step
aircraft. Lion Air also signed the purchase of five Boeing
787 Dreamliners for the airline. The research steps used in this study are as follows:
1. Determining topics that can be analyzed using AHP.
 5

2. Determining research boundaries and sample size

using the random sampling system method.
3. Conduct online surveys.
4. Conducting a descriptive statistical analysis of the
profile of the respondents who supported the research.
5. Calculation of the weight and consistency of the level
1 criteria matrix.
6. Calculation of the weight and consistency of the level
2 criteria matrix.
7. Calculation of weight and consistency of the
alternative level 3 criteria matrix.
Figure 2. Pie Chart of Respondents by Gender
8. Summary of partial weight calculations.
9. Calculation of weight level 3. Based on the survey results, the number of male
10. Calculation of weight level 1. respondents was 42% or 19 respondents and female was
11. Calculation of weight level 1. 58% or 26 respondents.
12. Analysis of alternative level 3.
13. Level 2 and level 1 ranking analysis.
14. Analysis of respondents' perceptions of each
alternative product.

IV. RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS

A. Simple Random Sampling
This study's population were ITS statistics students class
2017-2019, and the target population in this study were ITS
statistics students class 2017-2019 who had boarded an Figure 3. Pie Chart of Respondents by Aged
airplane. Because there is no prior information, a pre-survey
Based on the survey results, 71% of the respondents
was carried out for ITS statistics students to determine the
aged 17-20 years old were 32 respondents, and 29% of the
proportion of the sample of students who have used airlines
21-30 years old were 13 respondents.
to existing alternatives. The sampling method used was
simple random sampling with calculations to determine the
sample size as follows.
Is known :
N = 325
B = 0.05
𝐵2 0.052
𝐷= = = 0.000625
4 4
𝑥 29
𝑝= = = 0.966667
𝑛 30
Figure 4. Pie Chart of Respondents by Their Frequency Boarding The Plane
𝑞 = 1 − 𝑝 = 0.033333
𝑁𝑝𝑞 Based on the survey results, it was found that the number
𝑛= of respondents who boarded the plane less than 2 times a
(𝑁 − 1)𝐷 + 𝑝𝑞
year was 42% or 19 respondents, boarding the plane 2-4
325 × 0.966667 × 0.033333 times a year was 49% or 22 respondents, and boarding the
𝑛=
((325 − 1) × 0.000625) + (0.966667 × 0.033333) plane more than 4 times a year was 9% or 4 respondents.
= 44.6153 ≈ 45 C. AHP Analysis
What can see it from the calculation results, the Based on the AHP analysis that has been carried out, the
proportion of ITS statistics students class 2017-2019 who calculations for level 1, level 2, and level 3 are as follows.
have used airlines requires a sample of 45 for all so that 1. Level 1
each batch requires 15 students as respondents. Table 5. Level 1 Comparison Matrix

B. Descriptive Statistics Application

Cost Service Facility of Health
Descriptive Statistics using a pie chart is carried out to Protocol
see the proportion of each respondent's profile. Respondent
profiles used in this study are gender, age, and experience in Cost 1 2.166549525 1.825179438 0.293016663
flying passengers. Below is a pie chart for each profile. Service 0.4615634161 1 0.8559939469 0.3299075187

Facility 0.5478913355 1.16823256 1 0.2988894335

Applica-
tion of 3.412775197 3.031152499 3.345718811 1
Health
 6

Protocol Obtained the value of Cr 0.00037 because the value of

Ri with n = 2 is 0. Due to the value of Cr < 0.1, who can be
Total 5.422229949 7.365934585 7.026892196 1.921813615 concluded that the matrix is consistent.

Table 13. Matrix of Comparison of Sub Criteria for Implementation of

Table 6. Cr Value of Level 1 Criteria Health Protocols
Ci Ri Cr Application of social Availability of hand
distancing sanitizer
0.02631997813 0.9 0.02924442014
Application of social
1 3.170570131
Based on the survey results and calculations, the Cr distancing
value was 0.0292. Because the value of Cr < 0.1, so Availability of hand
0.3154006878 1
the matrix has been consistent and acceptable. sanitizer
Total 1.315400688 4.170570131
2. Level 2
Table 7. Comparison of Cost Sub Criteria Matrix
Table 14. Cr Value of Sub Cost Criteria for Health Protocols Application
Insurance fee Baggage fee Ci Ri Cr

Insurance fee 1 0.8234044294 0 0 0

Baggage fee 1.214470027 1 Obtained the value of Cr 0 because the value of Ri with
n = 2 is 0. Due to the value of Cr < 0.1, who can be
Total 2.214470027 1.823404429 concluded that the matrix is consistent.

Table 8. Cr Value of Sub Cost Criteria

3. Level 3
Table 15. Matrix of Comparison of Sub Criteria for Insurance Costs
Ci Ri Cr
Garuda Lion Citilink Batik
0 0 0
Garu-
1 3.159752264 2.159511937 1.701958916
Obtained the value of Cr 0 because the value of Ri with da
n = 2 is 0. Due to the value of Cr < 0.1, one can conclude Lion 0.3164805075 1 0.4544656264 0.3204090859
that the matrix is consistent.
Citi-
0.4630675953 2.200386436 1 0.7834585842
Table 9. Comparison of Cost Sub Criteria Matrix link
On schedule Employee ethics Batik 0.5875582486 3.121010121 1.276391656 1

On schedule 1 2.431937679 Total 2.367106351 9.481148822 4.89036922 3.805826586

Employee ethics 0.4111947475 1 Table 16. Cr Value of Sub criteria for Alternative Insurance Costs

Total 1.411194748 3.431937679 Ci Ri Cr

0.009378987574 0.9 0.0104210973

Table 10. Cr Value of Sub Cost Criteria
Ci Ri Cr Obtained the value of Cr = 0.01042. Due to the value of
Cr < 0.1, which can show that the matrix is consistent.
0 0 0
Table 17. Matrix of Comparison of Alternative Baggage Costs Sub Criteria
Obtained the value of Cr 0 because the value of Ri with
n = 2 is 0. Due to the value of Cr <0.1, who can conclude Garuda Lion Citilink Batik
that the matrix is consistent. Garu-
1 2.372673054 1.003431445 1.383835683
Table 11. Comparison of Facility Sub Criteria Matrix da
Availability of Lion 0.4214655694 1 0.4427926459 0.4397391119
Snack Specious cabin
clean toilets
Availability of Citi-
1 2.449778681 1.174247821 0.9965802899 2.258393425 1 1.000281175
clean toilets link

Snack 0.4082001398 1 0.5104331924 Batik 0.7226291475 2.274075635 0.9997189036 1

Specious cabin 0.8516089893 1.959120243 1 Total 3.140675007 7.905142114 3.445942994 3.823855971

Total 2.259809129 5.408898924 2.684681013 Table 18. Cr Value of Alternative Baggage Costs Sub Criteria

Ci Ri Cr
Table 12. Cr Value of Facility Sub Criteria
Ci Ri Cr 0.003861566771 0.9 0.004290629746

0.0002196330213 0.58 0.0003786776229

 7

The value of Cr = 0.00429 was obtained. Due to the 0.02286740659 0.9 0.02540822955
value of Cr < 0.1, which can be concluded that the
matrix is consistent. Obtained the value of Cr = 0.02540822955. Due to the
value of Cr < 0.1, which can be concluded that the matrix is
Table 19. Matrix of Comparison of Alternative On Schedule Sub Criteria consistent.
Garuda Lion Citilink Batik Table 25. Comparison Matrix of Alternative Snack Sub Criteria
Garu- Garuda Lion Citilink Batik
1 0 4.523161993 5.982543773
da
Garu-
Lion 0 1 0.2393698667 0.4008840652 1 6.048725415 4.115723493 3.280737173
da
Citi- Lion 0.1653240859 1 0.4030419096 0.3333304412
0.2210842772 4.17763528 1 0.5078210014
link
Citi-
Batik 0.1671529767 2.494486778 1.969197802 1 0.242970647 2.481131555 1 0.6400602965
link

Total 1.388237254 7.672122058 7.731729662 7.891248839 Batik 0.3048095435 3.000026029 1.562352806 1

Table 20. Cr Value of Alternative On Schedule Sub Criteria Total 1.713104276 12.529883 7.081118208 5.25412791

Ci Ri Cr Table 26. Cr Value of Alternative Snack Sub Criteria

0.008183684931 0.9 0.009092983257 CI RI CR

The value of Cr = 0.009092983257 was obtained. Due to 0.01312702326 0.9 0.0145855814

the value of Cr < 0.1, which can be concluded that the
matrix is consistent. Obtained the value of Cr = 0.0145855814. Due to the
value of Cr < 0.1, which can be concluded that the matrix is
Table 21. Comparison Matrix of Ethical Alternative Sub Criteria consistent.
Garuda Lion Citilink Batik Table 27. Comparison Matrix of Cabin Area Alternative Sub Criteria

Garu- Garuda Lion Citilink Batik

1 4.807246471 3.207934927 4.169450034
da
Garu-
1 4.800349789 4.82416796 4.468138533
Lion 0.2080192905 1 0.4033000828 0.4196494414 da
Citi- Lion 0.2083181526 1 0.3777037431 0.3653242018
0.3117270215 2.479543255 1 0.8615826994
link
Citi-
0.2072896318 2.64757768 1 0.904939193
Batik 0.2398397851 2.382941335 1.160654689 1 link

Total 1.759586097 10.66973106 5.771889699 6.450682175 Batik 0.2238068476 2.737294696 1.105046624 1

Table 22. Cr Value of Ethical Alternative Sub Criteria

Total 1.639414632 11.18522217 7.306918327 6.738401928

Ci Ri Cr Table 28. Cr Value of Sub Criteria Alternative Cabin Size

0.02071360662 0.9 0.02301511847 Ci Ri Cr

Obtained the value of Cr = 0.02301511847. Due to the 0.03920693462 0.9 0.04356326069

value of Cr < 0.1, which can be concluded that the matrix is Obtained the value of Cr = 0.04356326069. Due to the
consistent. value of Cr < 0.1, which can be concluded that the matrix is
consistent.
Table 23. Comparison Matrix of Alternative Clean Toilet Sub Criteria
Table 29. Matrix of Comparison of Sub Criteria for Social Distancing
Garuda Lion Citilink Batik Alternatives
Garu- Garuda Lion Citilink Batik
1 4.799431053 4.460480792 3.796153868
da
Garu-
Lion 0.2083580301 1 0.4424349387 0.3823210624 1 4.560028268 3.786996262 3.898802512
da
Citi- Lion 0.2192968861 1 0.4597013892 0.4458808301
0.2241910786 2.260219328 1 0.8261446642
link
Citi-
Batik 0.2634245172 2.615602692 1.210441758 1 0.2640615229 2.175325164 1 0.8098039482
link
Total 1.695973626 10.67525307 7.113357489 6.004619594 Batik 0.2564890109 2.242751723 1.234866788 1

Table 24. Cr Value of Alternative Clean Toilet Sub Criteria Total 1.73984742 9.978105156 6.481564439 6.15448729

Ci Ri Cr
 8

Table 30. Cr Value of Social Distancing Alternative Criteria 0.08671796

Lion
Ci Ri Cr 21
0.17909194
0.01816675735 0.9 0.02018528594 Citilink
43
Obtained the value of Cr = 0.02018528594. Due to the 0.17893777
Batik
value of Cr < 0.1, which can be concluded that the matrix is 03
consistent. 0.57461978
Garuda
72
Table 31. Comparison Matrix of Hand Sanitizer Alternative Sub Criteria
0.08559950
Garuda Lion Citilink Batik Lion
0.4442732 914
C1
647 0.15552018
Garuda 1 3.895976885 3.888611127 3.114249694 Citilink
94
Lion 0.2566750341 1 0.48414577 0.4692109546 0.18426051
Batik
43
Citilink 0.2571612248 2.065493622 1 0.8299567563
0.56802900
Garuda
Batik 0.3211046314 2.131237539 1.204882052 1 92
0.07416855
Total 1.83494089 9.092708046 6.577638949 5.413417405 Lion
0.1393699 0.1852144 706
Facility C2
629 527 0.15072221
Table 32. Cr Value of Hand Sanitizer Alternative Criteria Citilink
42
Ci Ri Cr 0.20708021
Batik
95
0.01754573565 0.9 0.01949526184
0.59061193
Garuda
85
Obtained the value of Cr = 0.01949526184. Due to the
value of Cr <0.1, which can be concluded that the matrix is 0.08059470
Lion
consistent. 0.3705122 127
C3
The following is the partial weight calculation results 826 0.15857421
Citilink
shown in the following table for the three levels in this 18
research. 0.17021914
Batik
Table 33. Partial Weights 84
Sub 0.56238195
Cate- Partial Partial Alternat Partial Garuda
categor 67
gory Weights Weights ive Weights
ies 0.09240892
Lion
0.41112660 0.7602246 778
Garuda D1
32 291 0.16391145
Citilink
0.10407290 58
Lion 0.18129765
0.4515753 03 Applicat Batik
A1 98
149 0.20951184 ion of 0.5093466
Citilink Health 017 0.53497982
39 Garuda
Protocol 88
0.27528865
Batik 0.10253512
0.2226919 27 Lion
Costs 0.2397753 39
561 0.31790833 D2
Garuda 709 0.16816280
88 Citilink
19
0.12604786
Lion 0.19432224
0.5484246 59 Batik
A2 54
851 0.28869666
Citilink
54
The following is the result of the level weight calculation
0.26734712 shown in the following table for this research's three levels.
Batik
99
Table 34. Weight at Each Level
0.51586868
Garuda
63 Weight Level 3 Weight Level 2 Weight Level 1
0.05302563
Lion 0.04134379167
0.7086194 693
B1
0.1285914 175 0.22436661 0.0104657988
Service Citilink
793 81 0.1005621902 0.2226919561
0.0210689699
0.20673905
Batik
86
0.02768362986
0.2913805 0.55525232
B2 Garuda
825 33
 9

0.038826071 criteria, respondents prioritized punctuality rather than

employee ethics. On the facility criteria, respondents prefer
0.01539419636 clean toilets. For the criteria for implementing health
0.1221297659 protocols, respondents prioritized the application of social
0.03525845617 distancing compared to the availability of hand sanitizers.
0.0326510424 Table 35. Rank Total Weight Alternative

Alternative Total Weight Rank

0.04700720268

0.004831824316 Garuda 0.5087056775 1

0.09112241919
0.02044482903 Lion 0.09392666806 4

0.01883856316 Citilink 0.1892881962 3

0.1285914793
0.0208047827 Batik 0.2080794582 2

0.003249240538 What can see it from the table above that it can show that
0.03746906015 the best flight sequence is Garuda Indonesia with a weight
0.006710406833 of 0.5087056775, Batik Air with a weight of 0.2080794582,
Citilink with a weight of 0.1892881962, and Lion Air with a
0.00670463008
weight of 0.09392666806. Next will be displayed the results
0.03557950819 of level 3 weight analysis according to the four alternatives
available in this research.
0.005300180231
Table 36. Weight Level 3 Alternative Garuda Indonesia
0.06191834841
0.00962955327 Alternative Garuda Indonesia
0.01140910672 Weight Level
Criteria Sub Criteria
3
0.01466272105
Insurance fee 0.04134379167
0.001914537542 Cost
0.02581333139 0.1393699629 Baggage fee 0.038826071
0.003890642463
On schedule 0.04388986611
0.005345430332 Service
Employee ethics 0.0208047827
0.03049818646 Availability of clean
0.03557950819
toilets
0.004161771998
0.05163828306 Facility Snack 0.01466272105
0.008188500037
Specious cabin 0.03049818646
0.008789824569
Application of social
0.2177643216
0.2177643216 Application of Health distancing
Protocol Availability of hand
0.03578238461 0.06533642863
sanitizer
0.3872178313
0.06346943843
Based on the 3 calculation weight on the Garuda
0.07020168665 Indonesia alternative, respondents prefer the health protocol
0.5093466017 criteria on the social distancing sub-criteria.
0.06533642863
Table 37. Weight Level 3 Alternative Lion Air
0.0125224886 Alternative Lion Air
0.1221287703
0.02053751621 Criteria Sub Criteria Weight Level 3
0.02373233688 Insurance fee 0.0104657988
Cost
At Level 1, it is found that the criteria for implementing Baggage fee 0.01539419636
health protocols have the greatest weight, so what can
On schedule 0.005136069393
conclude that the application of health protocols is the
Service
preferred criterion for respondents in choosing airlines. The Employee ethics 0.003249240538
second place is cost, then facilities and lastly services.
At Level 2 on the Cost criteria, respondents prioritize Availability of clean
Facility 0.005300180231
baggage costs over insurance costs. In terms of service toilets
 10

Snack 0.001914537542 V. CONCLUSION AND FUTURE RESEARCH

Based on what has been done, using the AHP method
Specious cabin 0.004161771998 makes it easier to make decisions based on criteria and
Application of social alternatives arranged in a hierarchy so that it can display the
0.03578238461 analysis of the results:
Application of Health distancing
Protocol Availability of hand
1. By calculating AHP, the conclusion is that the
0.0125224886 Consistency Ratio obtained from levels 1, 2, and 3 has
sanitizer
a value less than 0.1, which means that the answer is
Based on the 3 calculation weight on the Lion Air consistent with obtaining the optimal solution.
alternative, respondents prefer the health protocol criteria on 2. Using the AHP method, an alternative airline is
the social distancing sub-criteria. obtained, which is determined by respondents' criteria
in choosing an airline. AHP data obtained from filling
Table 38. Weight Level 3 Alternative Citilink
out questionnaires by several statistics students class
Alternative Citilink 2017-2019 who have used airlines are then calculated.
The final result is that Garuda Indonesia is the airline
Criteria Sub Criteria Weight Level 3 that should be chosen with several criteria that the
Insurance fee 0.0210689699 respondent wants.
Cost 3. With AHP calculations, the most important criteria in
Baggage fee 0.03525845617 choosing an airline are obtained. Namely, the health
protocol applies to determining the social distance in
On schedule 0.02053471294 airline policies.
Service Suggestions for the authors on the next practicum are
Employee ethics 0.006710406833
more careful in analyzing and conducting literature studies.
Availability of clean The author can manage the time well and deepen the
0.00962955327
toilets material so that the analysis can be produced and possible.
Facility Snack 0.003890642463
Also, suggestions for airlines to further improve the criteria
of costs, services, facility, and implementing health
Specious cabin 0.008188500037 protocols.
Application of social
0.06346943843 REFERENCES
Application of Health distancing
[1] Riung, Chrisai M. 2017. Perlindungan Hukum Terhadap Konsumen
Protocol Availability of hand Asuransi Pengguna Jasa Angkutan Udara Indonesia. Lex
0.02053751621
sanitizer Administratum, Vol.V/No.4/Jun/2017, p. 90–100.
[2] Yuliana. 2020. Corona virus diseases (Covid-19). Wellness and
Based on the 3 calculation weight on the Citilink Healthy Magazine, Volume 2, Nomor 1, February 2020, p. 187–192.
alternative, respondents prefer the health protocol criteria on [3] Ghozi, S., 2016. Statistika Deskriptif untuk Ekonomi. Sleman: CV
Budi Utama.
the social distancing sub criteria. [4] Tim Grasindo. (n.d.). Intisari dan Bank Soal. Jakarta: Grasindo.
Table 39. Weight Level 3 Alternative Batik Air [5] Singh, S., 2003. Advanced Sampling Theory with Application.
London : Kluwer Academic Publisher.
Alternative Batik Air [6] Saaty, T.L, 2000. Fundamentals of Decision Making and Priority
Theory. 2nd ed. Pittsburgh, PA: RWS Publications.
Criteria Sub Criteria Weight Level 3 [7] Partovi, F. Y., 1994. Determining What to Benchmark: An Analytic
Hierarchy Process Approach. International Journal of Operations and
Production Management, 14 (6), pp 25- 39.
Insurance fee 0.02768362986
[8] E. Triantaphyllou and S. H. Mann,. 1995. Using The Analytic
Cost Hierarchy Process for Decision Making in Engineering Application :
Baggage fee 0.0326510424 Some Challenges, Inter’l J. Ind. Eng. Appl. Pract., vol. 2, no. 1, pp.
35–44.
On schedule 0.02156177075 [9] Zahedi, F., 1986. The Analytic Hierarchy Process: A Survey of the
Service Method and its Applications. Interfaces, 16(4), pp. 96-108.
Employee ethics 0.00670463008 [10] Cheng, E.W.L. and Li, H., 2001. Information Priority-setting for
Better Resource Allocation Using Analytic Hierarchy Process
Availability of clean (AHP). Information Management and Computer Security, 9(2), pp.
0.01140910672
toilets 61-70.
[11] Damardjati, R. S., 1989. Istilah-Istilah Dunia Pariwisata. Jakarta:
Facility Snack 0.005345430332 Jakarta Pradnya Paramita.
[12] Suwarno, W. A., 2001. Tataoperasi Darat. Jakarta: Grasindo.
Specious cabin 0.008789824569
Application of social
0.07020168665
Application of Health distancing
Protocol Availability of hand
0.02373233688
sanitizer

Based on the 3 calculation weight on the Batik Air

alternative, respondents prefer the health protocol criteria on
the social distancing sub-criteria.
 1

APPENDIX

Appendix 1. Overview of The Questionnaire

 2

Appendix 2. Normalize Matrix for Level 1 Criteria

Application of
Normalize Cost Services Facility Total rows Average CM
Health Protocol
Cost 0.1844259667 0.2941309755 0.2597420577 0.1524688246 0.8907678246 0.2226919561 4.063523499
Service 0.08512427921 0.1357600979 0.1218168606 0.1716646797 0.5143659174 0.1285914793 4.033821371
Facility 0.1010453892 0.1585993667 0.1423104229 0.1555246727 0.5574798515 0.1393699629 4.045663892
 3

Application of
Health 0.6294043649 0.4115095599 0.4761306588 0.520341823 2.037386407 0.5093466017 4.172830975
Protocol
Total 1 1 1 1

Appendix 3. Normalize Matrix Sub Cost Criteria

Insurance fee Baggage fee Total Rows Average CM

Insurance fee 0.4515753149 0.4515753149 0.9031506298 0.4515753149 2

Baggage fee 0.5484246851 0.5484246851 1.09684937 0.5484246851 2

Total 1 1

Appendix 4. Normalize Matrix of Service Sub Criteria

On schedule Employee ethics Total Rows Average CM

On schedule 0.7086194175 0.7086194175 1.417238835 0.7086194175 2

Employee ethics 0.2913805825 0.2913805825 0.582761165 0.2913805825 2
Total 1 1

Appendix 5. Normalize Matrix Sub Criteria Facility

Availability of clean toilets Snack Specious cabin Total Row Average CM

Availability of clean toilets 0.4425152492 0.4529163357 0.4373882093 1.332819794 0.4442732647 3.000587766

Snack 0.1806347866 0.1848805116 0.1901280599 0.555643358 0.1852144527 3.000244423

Specious cabin 0.3768499642 0.3622031527 0.3724837308 1.111536848 0.3705122826 3.00048561

Total 1 1 1

Appendix 6. Normalize Matrix of Sub Criteria for Health Protocol Application

Application of social distancing Availability of hand sanitizer Total Row Average CM

Application of social distancing 0.7602246291 0.7602246291 1.520449258 0.7602246291 2

Availability of hand sanitizer 0.2397753709 0.2397753709 0.4795507417 0.2397753709 2

Total 1 1

Appendix 7. Normalize Matrix of Sub Criteria for Alternative Insurance Costs

Garuda Lion Citilink Batik Total Baris Rata-rata CM

Garuda 0.4224567263 0.3332668143 0.4415846412 0.4471982308 1.644506413 0.4111266032 4.039983006

Lion 0.1336993191 0.1054724505 0.09293073916 0.08418909234 0.4162916011 0.1040729003 4.012642792

Citilink 0.1956260204 0.2320801495 0.2044835379 0.2058576676 0.8380473754 0.2095118439 4.031128227

Batik 0.2482179342 0.3291805856 0.2610010817 0.2627550093 1.101154611 0.2752886527 4.028793825

1 1 1 1

Appendix 8. Normalize Matrix of Sub Criteria for Alternative Baggage Costs

Garuda Lion Citilink Batik Total Rata-Rata CM

Garuda 0.3184028904 0.3001429981 0.2911921197 0.361895347 1.271633355 0.3179083388 4.015718898

Lion 0.1341958555 0.1264999396 0.1284967995 0.114998869 0.5041914636 0.1260478659 4.00983413

Citilink 0.3173140448 0.2856866319 0.290196327 0.261589658 1.154786662 0.2886966654 4.009765132

 4

Batik 0.2300872092 0.2876704305 0.2901147539 0.2615161261 1.06938852 0.2673471299 4.01102064

1 1 1 1

Appendix 9. Normalize Matrix of Sub Criteria for Alternative On Schedule

Garuda Lion Citilink Batik Total Baris Rata-rata CM

Garuda 0.7203379661 0 0.5850129519 0.7581238274 2.063474745 0.5158686863 5.364816254

Lion 0 0.1303420348 0.03095942009 0.05080109287 0.2121025477 0.05302563693 3.575829535

Citilink 0.1592553986 0.5445214829 0.1293371656 0.06435242529 0.8974664725 0.2243666181 2.963566001

Batik 0.1204066353 0.3251364823 0.2546904624 0.1267226545 0.8269562344 0.2067390586 4.19399243

Total 1 1 1 1

Appendix 10. Normalize Matrix of Ethical Alternative Sub Criteria

Garuda Lion Citilink Batik Total Baris Rata-rata CM

Garuda 0.5683154701 0.4505499196 0.5557859028 0.6463580008 2.221009293 0.5552523233 4.129139564

Lion 0.1182205809 0.09372307459 0.06987314448 0.06505504845 0.3468718484 0.0867179621 4.030769166

Citilink 0.1771592888 0.2323904174 0.1732534841 0.1335645868 0.7163677771 0.1790919443 4.027929482

Batik 0.1363046602 0.2233365884 0.2010874687 0.155022364 0.7157510813 0.1789377703 4.060725067

Total 1 1 1 1

Appendix 11. Normalize Matrix of Sub Criteria for Alternative Clean Toilets

Garuda Lion Citilink Batik Rata-Rata Baris Total Baris CM

Garuda 0.5896318107 0.4495847565 0.627057026 0.6322055558 0.5746197872 2.298479149 4.139475987

Lion 0.1228545226 0.09367459423 0.06219776518 0.06367115458 0.08559950914 0.3423980366 4.025495012

Citilink 0.1321901916 0.2117251284 0.140580591 0.1375848463 0.1555201894 0.6220807574 4.051206005

Batik 0.1553234751 0.2450155208 0.1701646178 0.1665384433 0.1842605143 0.7370420571 4.058231875

Total 1 1 1 1

Appendix 12. Normalize Matrix of Sub Criteria for Alternative Snack

Garuda Lion Citilink Batik Total Baris Rata-rata CM

Garuda 0.5837356276 0.4827439662 0.5812250794 0.6244113635 2.272116037 0.5680290092 4.077892044

Lion 0.09650555904 0.07980920492 0.05691783384 0.06344163044 0.2966742283 0.07416855706 4.015865422

Citilink 0.1418306231 0.1980171368 0.1412206336 0.1218204633 0.6028888568 0.1507222142 4.01601295

Batik 0.1779281902 0.2394296922 0.2206364531 0.1903265427 0.8283208782 0.2070802195 4.047753863

Total 1 1 1 1

Appendix 12. Normalize Matrix of Sub Criteria for Alternative Cabin Size
Garuda Lion Citilink Batik Rata-Rata Total CM

Garuda 0.6099738165 0.4291689265 0.6602192257 0.6630857852 0.5906119385 2.362447754 4.238055313

Lion 0.1270686186 0.08940367792 0.05169125016 0.05421525841 0.08059470127 0.3223788051 4.041321972

Citilink 0.1264412478 0.2367031822 0.1368566002 0.1342958171 0.1585742118 0.6342968473 4.089067489

 5

Batik 0.136516317 0.2447242134 0.151232924 0.1484031393 0.1702191484 0.6808765937 4.102038441

Total 1 1 1 1

Appendix 13. Normalize Matrix of Sub Criteria for Social Distancing Alternative
Garuda Lion Citilink Batik Rata-Rata Total CM

Garuda 0.5747630445 0.4570034287 0.5842719451 0.6334894083 0.5623819567 2.249527827 4.10992048

Lion 0.1260437459 0.1002194289 0.07092444942 0.07244808691 0.09240892778 0.3696357111 4.024773619

Citilink 0.1517728048 0.2180098456 0.1542837396 0.131579433 0.1639114558 0.655645823 4.028088918

Batik 0.1474204048 0.2247672968 0.1905198659 0.1624830718 0.1812976598 0.7251906392 4.055218072

Total 1 1 1 1

Appendix 14. Normalize Matrix of Sub Criteria Alternative Hand Sanitizer

Garuda Lion Citilink Batik Rata-Rata Total CM

Garuda 0.5449766831 0.428472669 0.5911864663 0.5752834967 0.5349798288 2.139919315 4.100233166

Lion 0.1398819087 0.109978237 0.07360479554 0.08667555436 0.1025351239 0.4101404956 4.022470638

Citilink 0.1401468713 0.227159347 0.1520302357 0.1533147537 0.1681628019 0.6726512077 4.036585779

Batik 0.1749945369 0.2343897471 0.1831785025 0.1847261952 0.1943222454 0.7772889816 4.051259245

Total 1 1 1 1