- -

-.

PROF i

So B
MUSTAFA.

MUSTAFA
#

SIR
 AICOHOL PHENOL AND STHERS

Final Goops:
AcohOl · R-0H

Phenol Ar-oH I co
Ethers: R-O-R

(Ot) containing
cohols are
hydroxy zing
to cliphatic
compounds attached

eg: CHs-CHe-CHz-OH
(on) containing
henols
↑ are hydroxy
is attached
componds where on group
to the benzene ring.

[0]-on with Ohygen

Ethers are compared
arom attached to alkyl or
any
side.
group on either

9.
CaH5-o-C2Hs
E+5
[]
- o -
 CLASSIFICATION OF ACCOMOUS

the on alcohols
Depending of group,
on no are

as
classified
on x city-on
hydric:
one
Mono

Dihydric: Two

three
ONzx

on
CHe-CMe
ove
Trihydric: IS

CH2-H-ceis
the name of carbon
epending
on
D
as
Alcohols are classified

1 alcohol: CH5-CHe-OH

a alcohol: Ciz-cH-C3
6H

3 alcohos: CH3
&

Ctz-c-OH
cy MUSTAFASIR
#

S OME OTHER CLASSIFICATIONS

attached to carbon
ic alcohol:
On
#
next to c = c

9 :CHz=CH-CHc-OH
enzylic
3) Alcohol: Of attached to caben bonded
--
benzone
to wing.
&cHe-on
 NOMENCLATURE

A) ALCOHOLS
Common: Alkyl alcohol
UPAC:
*
Alkanol

LOOK
* INTO LECTURES FOR

ETTER
* UNDERSTANDING
B) FOLS;
⑳ #ERS
Ethers
Common Name:
-
Alkyl
-

IUPAC Name, lkoxy

A Alkane
--

MUSTAFA
#
SIR
 METHODS OF PREPARATION (ALCONOLS

ACKYL HALIDES
#
FROM
->R 6H + kx
1 x
k0H
-
+
-

+KB2
CM5 Br +k0U -> CaN5OH
alcobo
sebromide Exyl

ALKENES
&
FROM
c
+HC1 ->(Hz-CHg-cl
CHa=CHa
I
2 there
Euylchioside
-C MR
Cus-CH=CHe +Hc1
-
->CUs--cts
2 -
chic propane

Note: MR: Malkonikoffs Rule

-

NUSTAFA
#
SIR
 &
Reduction of Carbonyl compounds
a) om hyde

CHg--H L iA11y
->CH,-cHa-on
NgO
t

Athanal Ethano

3Ketonesits OH NOTE 8
-

cus-ciaon LIAlHy is
as a
acting
reducing
Propan-2-01
Ace lone which
agent,
can provide
2) From Anids? Ht to the
reaction
O
Li A lHY
Cur-i-on->(15-CHe-OH
As Ot
Acetic Acid Ithaw 1

d) From Essel

cric-o-cts
acetate
the city-ci,on+cou
meltyl Erraw ( methaw
NUSTAFA
#
-> IR

Addition of Grigned Reagent

Fodehyde s

(cis-gior
0 H
Br
O in Cky-cir-cny+Ng ~

citg-c-i+
geare
on

OM
Exuanal (
scomide propan-2 -o
<20 Alcohol)
From Kone; & It3

-(Custongn F,
I

aks--ches+ckbNgBr Cts-c-on
A
ce lone cits
2 Metal propante on -

↑ 3 Alcoholi
Mox: Fomaldelyde+UR->(alcoho
All occur
ordemde
+44-2"alcohol
9R -> Salcoh
becomes +

REPARATION
↑
OF PHENOLS

from chlorobenzene (Dow's Process):

#)
-
·If
· Na

Corres [].[
char S o diver Phenol
benzene ↑henoxide

B) from Comene (Iso propyl Benzene

CHs-CH-CH3 cks
-

300 -
H ·H
& O
↓i l
N ↑I
02 - -
CHz-c-CH,
+

423K HCI ↑

Ace to ne
propyl C mene
I

so
hydro peroxide henol
↑

Benzene
 A cd
C) From
-
B
enzene
-
sulphaic -

OH
· Na
SO3H 503 Na &
& & &

NaOH Nao H di(

- -
-
HCS

he not
↑

enzene
* So dium So diam
B
enzene
SIronic Phenoxide
Acid S ulphonale

too Aniline -
d)
m
-.
0H
Necl
#H2 &
&
&
NaNOZ H20 F
N2
+

HNO2
↑ - -
#Cl

B
enzene phenol
Aniline
diazonium
chlovide
NUSTAFA
#
SIR

PHYSICAL ROPERTIES
*

As are moleculal Forces

-

-> Alcohol and phenol are polae in nature

Y
If
held
together by Hydrogen Bonding
lower alcohols are
Basicalate:
colorless, toxic
alcohol
4) Boing point:
The boiling pt of

ncrease
↑
with molecular masses
 CHEMICAL PROPERTIES

A) Reaction with base -

mmm

phenols less acidic compat

or:
↑ are
very
to alcohol; Hence phenols cannot be

reached with
Hancos out reacts with

#a 0 H

No reaction
Ar-oH +NaHCOs ->

An-oH+Naot-> Ar-orNa+ HcO

B) ht rPols:

↑henol+Ferric -> Ferric ↑ Hc)

Chloride phenoxide
c deep color)

Ar-oH+FeCs
->(Ar-0,-Fe +HC)

2) EriFintion:
O
O

R-OH + OH-C-R -
T
-
-
&- i-o-R+HzO
Acid [ESter]
Icohol
*
O
O
11
0-- 2H,
CH5-0-c-CHy
= >

H + H
: CHz
0 - -
-

Methanol
Acenfeid meterl
pare
ace
 O O O

3)R-0H+ R-C- 0-i- RER-c- O-R

Ester
#
1040 1 Anhydride +

R-COOU
Acid
O O
2

CHz-OH +CH,c-0-c-CH3 CHj-c-0-CHE

O
D
=>

( mettr
alcolo ( Acenhydride menace race
+
CHgCOOU
Acetic Acid
O

2
R - 0x + c- -
x ->
R - a-- R +

HC
1cohol
# Acyl assee
chinde
O
O

c-i-CH3 -> c15-0--c + HC,

e. :CNgOH
+
mettel
meney ( Acetyl
alcohol chloside accrace

NUSTAFA
#
SIR
cetyl
A Derivative e
-..

100 H COOH
O
& &
-
OH O O
o--CH3
ctc-o-CHs
-

-
t
CHCOOH
#

Acetic Anhydride
Acetic
-> alicylic cety (
A
Acid
Acid
Acid Salicylic
& As pizin)

Aspirin known Generic dedicine.

Note: is well
Reactions of Alcohol
(Breaking of C-0 bond)
#
Action of Hydrogen halides (Ax)

R- OH + HX -> R- x +
HeO
encle
=.:(H50H +HCI - 'HyC1 + H2O

Ethanol EHt
chicride

or:
↓ Order of reactivity HITHB>HC,

* Reaction with phosphorous halides

cls
↑ 1 -
C 1

↑(Ig R- cl
R -
0 H

SOCI2 R -
cl

NUSTAFA
#
SIR

Dehydration of a
hol?
12 B1 Bl CHg-CH-CH=CH2
=>
a KOHf But 1 -ene
2
H5-CHe-CH-CH3
-

call
die 12 ⑧
CH-CH
CHz-CH= 3
But z
-
-
ene

<majo)

Note: Major alkene can be obtained

using "SaytzeR* Rule"

 O XIDATION OF ALCOHOLS

Aldehyde > Carboxy1:(

oxidatice
1alcohol--
Acid

oxidation
2 alcohol ->
Kecome

9.
, CMsco
City-Con Pcc
Acetaldelyde
Ettey I
alcohol

CHz-CH-C13 -
COS CH3
-
"-cs
⑥H 1MnOu Ace tone

1 copan-2-01

Chlow Chromate)
Note
-
PCC (pyridinium
is a
reagent used as
oxidising agent
acid.
which stop conversion of aldelyde to

NUSTAFA
#
SIR
 R
FACTION OF PHENOLS

A) Halogenation of mo
Off
& If
& &
Be Br
H20 * -

+ 3BU2 3HBr
-> ->

"Ba
2. 4.6 Tribromo
Pheno
& If & If & If

& & &

Br
CS2 ~

+ Bue ->
+ + 2H Ba

0-BCom o Bo
phenol ↑- B20m8
phenol

B) Amation of Anou B

& If & If
& If
& & &
NOZ
->

t H NOs - # 2H20
↑

LOH -

NO2]
ix02
·-Nileo
↑he not
p-Nicro
& If Phenol
&
& If
Conc
&
3HNOs
= NOz NO2
He sou
↑

LON -

NOL] 3H20
↓

Oz
↑

2) 416
Trixito phenol
② Sonation of Phenol e
on
&
SO3I
293K*
& If
&
HesOn
· -phenol
OH-SOSH 37,k & If
-
opphonic
⑱
& Acid.

Sos'
p
-

phenolsulfonic Acid

④ Enmer-Fann Ration
9 *I a ·

forcanon
cno
CHO

↑eco
-

->

2 -
Hydro all

Benzaldeyde
asicyal day
-> de

#
KABE RENTION:
& If & If

& & & If

NaoH ~ COONC &

Cool
->
a
-
-

CO2/398K
so dirm

salicylate 2-Hud20 x
T
enzoic Acid
B

&Salicyclic Acid)

T
NUSTAFA
#
SIR
&
OXIPATION of HENOL
↑

9
i 8

H
as ,
P-
Benzoquinone

&
Catalytic Hydrogenation of phenol

cons
9
i

she
-

henol
↑ 9 clohexanol

& -FAo):
Reduction
& If
&

an
1x
*
->
+ zn0

Benzene
henol
↑

NUSTAFA
#
SIR
 &THERS
Method of Penn
-

④ Dehuation of at
ho

He sou
2 cHyCHeON->
4 13K
CHj-CHz-0-CH, -CHs
&full alcohol icstyl[thee
*

Ethanol it carried
ote: Dehydration of
↑
instead of Ether
out an husk gives a there

⑬ Williamson Sytmsis:
-
Do 1-0-1+Hax
1 -
x + Na-0-k ->
Skee
S odiuce Ether
lkyl
A
Alkoxide
halide

NaBr
CH-O-CeHs
-

:
&
CettsBr+Na-o-CHs
&thox y
Et 1
600 mide 2 Mane

ole I
-
 #EMICAL PROPERTIES OF ETHER.

⑰ Formation of Provide: o
- 0 -
H

C.Hg-CHe-O-CHjCUs tOc
->CAs-CH-o-GUs
Peroxide of
Diettyl Ether
pic/tys [thee

NOne i
-

with nor Heson:

⑬ Reaction
21 -
01
H- on-
R- o-R +
*Icohol
& thes

-o-p'
R + H -
On -> R-OH + R'ou
alconer

ecHz 0 cxz H +
(Hj-Oi
-

+
cHz-0H
-
- ox ->

Dimeter l meter (
2 ther
methyl
alcohol alcohol

MUSTAFA
#

SIR
 Reaction with PC15

R
-
o - R +
P(15 -
R -
c1 + x -
c1 + POCs

e:CH5O-C13 -C1 +POCIs

Dimetry I PC1y ->2(Hj
+

2 then metly
chloride

Reaction with hot HI

HX -> R-OH + R x
⑭ O-R+
-

1 -

alcohol Alky
2 ther
halide

CHg-O-CH3 +HI -> cHg-OH +CHs- I

meter/ metly/
methONY alcohol bromide
methane

on:
#
Order ofReactivity
& I> HBr>HC/
 8.
CHg

20] + H+
398K
- [ + CMsF

Anisole Phenol i
met
#
LECTROPHILK SUBSTITUTION

⑰ Halogenation:

got
to
Loos
OCH3
I

So on
p-Bromo
sole
Br o-Bromo

Amisole
An:

want on:
⑬
Fidels
Coto
a

[of Timor &

cl
Methoxy
Cnetin
inter
dobois
can
cast-> Coats so
O

Acetyl
chiovide d
Methoxy
0
2-
=

cikg cetophenone
A

4 -Methoxf
cetophenone
A

* TION;

give city
XOZ

Logoc
~

CETOs IS,
on

↓Oz
9 - Niko
a-Hithole
Anisole

M YOU

#
HUSTAFA SIR

ALL THE BEST