TRANSTITION 1

Transtion 1 Quad to Flapping Wing - Lift vs Throttle

20
18
16
Lift in (Newton)

14
12
10
8
6
4
2
0
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100

Throttle %

The lift for transition 1 case indicates the throttle to be consistent decreasing towards the higher
throttle range. Hence a unique configuration is required to overcome the present downside. Further
cases are studied to compare with the configurations of quad and flapping wing configurations. The
results indicate that the combination of configurations such as quad and flapper will yield higher lift
and acceleration for the model through the consistent flapping and constant thrust from propellers.

PITCH ANGLE

The pitch angle, representing the rotation of the wing about its longitudinal axis during
flapping motion, is a key parameter influencing the lift and thrust generation. Analyzing this
parameter over time at a consistent 10% throttle provides crucial insights into the
aerodynamic performance of flapping wing systems. The present investigation contributes to
the refinement of flapping wing designs, aiding in the development of bio-inspired flying
devices with enhanced stability, agility, and energy efficiency for applications ranging from
micro-aerial vehicles to unmanned aerial systems. Body rate, denoting the rate of rotation of
the aircraft about its body-fixed axes, and acceleration, representing the change in velocity
over time, are pivotal parameters in understanding the agility and stability of flapping wing
systems. The pitch angle is consistent in its variations along the time as the throttle for
flapper is constantly increased from 10% to 90%. The increase in pitch angle contributes to
the increase of lift generated from flappers.
 1 3
1
Pitch Angle in

Pitch Angle in

Pitch Angle in
0
Degrees

Degrees

Degrees
0 20 40 60 80 0 2
10 0.5
-1

0 1
-2 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90100

0
0
20

40

60

80
10
Time in Seconds Time in Seconds Time in Seconds

Pitch Angle in
4

Degrees
5 6.5
3.5
Pitch Angle in

Pitch Angle in
4.5
Degrees

3 5.5

Degrees
4
2.5 4.5
3.5

2 3 3.5
0 20 40 60 80 0 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90100
10 0 20 40 60 80 10
0
Time in Seconds Time in Seconds Time in Seconds
Pitch Angle in

Pitch Angle in
Degrees

7 8
Pitch Angle in

Degrees
Degrees

6 7
8
5 6

5 7
4 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 0 20 40 60 80 100

Time in Seconds Time in Seconds Time in Seconds

10
8
Pitch Angle in

6
Degrees

4
2
0
0 20 40 60 80 0
10
Time in Seconds

The roll angle of flapper is varying towards the negative side as the required force to maintain the
flapper is increasing for higher throttle. The body rate for the flapper indicates the amplitude of the
oscillations in x axis is prominent which contributes the translation of the model in forward phase.
In case of quad throttle the pitch angle and roll angle exhibits a higher amplitude corresponding to
the vertical lift generated from the propellers. Also the combine throttle at 40% indicates the
acceleration of the model higher compared to the individual configuration of flapper and quad cases.