1

𝑡=
4. e at constant velocity across a horizontal floor.
The coefficient of friction is:

A. 0.5
√ B. 0.05
C. 2.0
D. 0.2

5. A 4 𝑘𝑔 mass is accelerated by a horizontal force of

15 𝑁. If the magnitude of the acceleration is 3
𝑚/𝑠", how much friction is acting on the mass?
√ A. 3N
B. 5N
C. 15 N
D. 27 N

6. A 3 𝑘𝑔 mass is traveling at 15 𝑚/𝑠 when

friction begins to decelerate it to a stop in 5 𝑠.
What is the magnitude of the force of friction?
A. 3N
√ B. 9N
C. 15 N
D. 45 N

2
 7. The block shown below moves with constant
velocity on a horizontal surface. Two of the forces on 10. A crate rests on a horizontal surface and a
it are shown. A frictional force exerted by the surface woman pulls on it with a 10 N force. Rank the
is the only other horizontal force on the block. The situations shown below according to the magnitude
frictional force is . of the normal force exerted by the surface on the
crate, least to greatest.

A. 0 1, 2, 3
A.
√ B. 2 N, leftward 2, 1, 3
B.
C. 2 N rightward 2, 3, 1
C.
D. Slightly more than 2 N, leftward √ D. 3, 2, 1

Questions 23 and 24 Questions 26 and 27

As represented in the diagram below, a constant 15
A block of mass m is pulled at constant velocity along
𝑁 force, 𝐹, is applied to a 2.5 𝑘𝑔 box, accelerating
a rough horizontal floor by an applied force 𝑇 as
the box to the right at 2.0 𝑚/𝑠 " across a rough
shown.
horizontal surface.

8. What is the magnitude of the net force acting on

11. The magnitude of the frictional force is:
the box?
A. 3.0 N
√ A. 𝑇𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃
B. 4.5 N
B. 𝑇𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃
√ C. 5.0 N C. 𝑚𝑔
D. 15 N D. 𝑚𝑔𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃

9. What is the magnitude of the force of friction on 12. The vertical component of the force exerted on
the box? the block by the floor is:
A. 5.0 N
√ B. 10 N A. 𝑚𝑔

C. 15 N B. 𝑚𝑔 − 𝑇𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃

D. 20 N C. 𝑚𝑔 + 𝑇𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃
√ D. 𝑚𝑔 − 𝑇𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃

3
13. A 400 N block is dragged along a horizontal
surface by an applied force 𝐹 as shown. The Question 31 and 32
coefficient of kinetic friction is µ = 0.4 and the A child is pulled forward on a sled as shown in the
block moves at constant velocity. The magnitude of figure below.
𝐹 is:

16. The magnitude of the normal force exerted by the

A. 100 N ground on the sledge is .
√ B. 150 N
A. equal to the total weight of the child
C. 200 N plus the sledge
D. 290 N B. greater than the total weight
√ C. less than the total weight
14. A boy pulls a wooden box along a rough
horizontal floor at constant speed by means of a force possibly greater than or less than the
𝑃 as shown. In the diagram 𝑓 is the magnitude of the total weight, depending on the size of
force of friction, 𝑁 is the magnitude of the normal D. the weight relative to the tension in
force, and 𝐹1is the magnitude of the force of gravity. the
Which of the following must be true? rope

17. Which of the following correctly relates the

normal force 𝐹2 , the tension 𝑇 and the total weight
𝐹1
A. 𝐹2 = 𝐹1
B. 𝐹2 = 𝐹1 + 𝑇𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃
√ A. 𝑃 = 𝑓 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑁 = 𝐹1 √ C. 𝐹2 = 𝐹1 −
B. 𝑃 = 𝑓 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑁 > 𝐹1 𝑇𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃
C. 𝑃 > 𝑓 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑁 < 𝐹1 D. 𝐹2 = 𝐹1 − 𝑇𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃
D. 𝑃 > 𝑓 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑁 = 𝐹1
18. According to this graph, which surface would
15. A person is pushed forward on a sled as shown offer more frictional force if a toy car was pushed
in the figure below. The magnitude of the normal across its surface?
force exerted by the ground on the sled

A. is equal to 𝐹1
B. is less than 𝐹1
√ C. is greater than 𝐹1 A. Highly polished table
depends on the size of 𝐹1 B. Rough table
D. relative to 𝐹
√ C. Sand paper
4
None, as all the surfaces offer the same
friction D.

5
Answer the following questions

1. True or false?

a. When there is no relative motion between two surfaces, the force exerted by one surface on the other
is called the static friction force- True
b. The kinetic friction force is the force exerted on one surface by another when the surfaces are in
relative motion. True
c. If the net force on an object is zero, the object accelerates (false)
d. If the net force on an object is zero, the object is in equilibrium (True)
e. An object is equilibrium must be at rest (False)
f. The kinetic friction force is equal to the product of the coefficient of the kinetic friction and the normal
force (True)
g. Friction always acts in a direction of the object’s motion (False)
h. An object in equilibrium is either at rest or moves with constant velocity (True)

2. Write the term that correctly completes the statement. Use each term once.

coefficient of kinetic friction equilibrant static friction

coefficient of static friction kinetic friction vector resolution

components

To determine the of a vector, a coordinate system must be chosen. components

The force of depends on the normal force exerted by an object when static friction
there is no motion between the two surfaces.
The is a force that puts an object into equilibrium. equilibrant
is always less than the maximum value of static friction. kinetic friction
The is needed to calculate the force of kinetic friction coefficient of kinetic friction
Breaking a vector down into its components is called . vector resolution
The is greater than the coefficient of kinetic friction. coefficient of static friction

3. A crate with a mass of 1000 kg is being pulled along greased tracks by a winch. The winch is exerting a force
of 2000 N in the horizontal direction along the tracks. The coefficient of kinetic friction between the crate and the
tracks is 0.2.

a. Draw a free-body diagram of the crate.

b. What is the net force acting on the crate in the horizontal direction?
𝐹)*+ = 𝐹34)56 − 𝐹7845+49) = 𝐹34)56 − µ: 𝐹2

𝐹)*+ = 2000 𝑁 − (0.2 × 1000 × 9.8) = 40 𝑁

6
 c. Calculate the crate’s acceleration.
𝐹) * + 40 = 0.04 𝑚/𝑠"
𝑁
𝑎= =
𝑚 1000 𝑘𝑔

4. A horizontal force of 50 𝑁 is required to keep a 10 𝑘𝑔 crate moving with a constant speed on a rough surface.

a. Calculate the normal force acting on the crate.

𝐹2 = 𝐹1 = 𝑚𝑔 = 10 𝑘𝑔 × 10 𝑁/𝑘𝑔 = 100 𝑁

b. Find the coefficient of kinetic friction between crate and floor.

𝐹7,:4)*+45 = 𝜇: 𝐹2
50 𝑁 = 𝜇: (100 𝑁)
𝜇: = 0.5

c. List the differences between static and kinetic friction.

Static Friction Kinetic Friction

• Acts between two surfaces which are
attempting to move, but are not
moving
• Increases linearly with the applied
force until it reaches a maximum value
• It could have a value less than
or greater than the value for
kinetic friction
• The maximum static friction for a
given surface is greater than the kinetic
friction
• Force acting between two surfaces
which are in motion against each other.
• Remains constant regardless of the
force applied
• Kinetic friction is less than the
maximum value of static friction for a
given surface

5. The diagram below shows a 4 kg object accelerating at 10 m/s2 on a rough horizontal surface when a force of
50 N is applied to it as shown below.

a. What is the magnitude of the frictional force

𝐹7 acting on the object?
Applying Newton’s Law;
𝑚𝑎 = 𝐹;<<=4*> − 𝐹7 ⟹ 𝐹7 = 𝐹;<<=4*> − 𝑚𝑎
𝐹7 = 50 𝑁 − (4 𝑘𝑔)(10 𝑚/𝑠" ) = 10 𝑁

b. Calculate the normal force exerted on the box.

𝐹2 = 𝑚𝑔 = (4𝑘𝑔)(10 𝑚/𝑠") = 40 𝑁

c. Find the coefficient of kinetic friction.

𝐹 = µ 𝐹 ⟹ µ = 𝐹7 = 10 𝑁= 0.25
7 : :
2 𝐹2 40 𝑁

7
6. A man pulls a 15 kg crate by using a rope, which makes an angle of 45° with the horizontal. The tension in
the rope exerted on the crate is T = 120 N, and the coefficient of kinetic friction between the crate and the
ground is 0.5.
a. Find the normal force exerted by the ground on the crate.
𝐹2 + 𝑇% − 𝐹1 = 0
𝐹2 = 𝑚𝑔 − 𝑇𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃 = (15 × 10) − (120 × sin 45°) = 65 𝑁

b. Find the frictional force between the crate and the ground.
𝐹7 = 𝜇: . 𝐹2 = 0.5 × 65 = 33 𝑁

c. Find the acceleration of the crate.

𝑇$ − 𝐹7 = 𝑚. 𝑎
𝑇$ − 𝐹7 𝑇𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃 − 𝐹7 (120 × cos 45°) − 33 "
𝑎= 𝑚 = 𝑚 = 15 = 3.5 𝑚/𝑠

7. A 19 kg child is pulled on a 1.0 kg sled with ropes as shown in the figure below. Both ropes pull with a force of
71 𝑁 at an angle of 60° relative to the forward direction, which is the direction of motion. The snow exerts
a retarding force on the sled that points opposite to the direction of motion and has a magnitude of 57 𝑁

a. What is the total force by the two ropes in the direction of motion?
𝐹$,89<*? = 𝐹! 𝑐𝑜𝑠60° + 𝐹" 𝑐𝑜𝑠60°
𝐹$,89<*? = 2(71𝑐𝑜𝑠60°) = 71 𝑁

b. What is the net force acting on the sled and the child?
∑𝐹$ = 𝐹$,89<*? − 𝐹8*+;8>4)1 = 71 − 57 𝑁 = 14 𝑁

c. What is the acceleration of the sled and the child?

∑𝐹$ = (𝑚?=*> + 𝑚564=>)𝑎
∑ 𝐹$ 14 = 0.70 𝑚/𝑠"
𝑁
𝑎= =
𝑚?=*> + (1.0 + 19) 𝑘𝑔
𝑚564=>

8. Explain how to find the coefficient of kinetic friction between a wooden block of unknown mass and a tabletop in
the laboratory. Include the following in your explanation:

• Measurements required
• Equipment needed
• Procedure
• Equation(s) needed to calculate the coefficient of friction
Example of an acceptable answer:
To determine the coefficient of friction between a block and the table, we would need to measure the normal force
or weight of the block, and the force of friction.

• The equipment needed is a spring scale.

• First hang the block on the scale to find its weight.
• Then pull the block at constant speed across the table with the spring scale to find the force of friction.
• Once the weight and friction is measured use the formula 𝐹7 = µ: 𝐹2 to calculate the coefficient of friction.

8
9. Compare the coefficient of kinetic friction for the three surfaces shown on the graph below.

The coefficient of kinetic friction for each surface is most

nearly:
4.5 𝑁
µ𝒔𝒂𝒏𝒅𝒑𝒂𝒑𝒆𝒓 = = 0.5
9.0
2.0𝑁𝑁
= = 0.2
µ
𝒓𝒐𝒖𝒈𝒉
𝒕𝒂𝒃𝒍𝒆 101.0
𝑁𝑁
µ𝒑𝒐𝒍𝒊𝒔𝒉𝒆𝒅 = = 0.1
𝒕𝒂𝒃𝒍𝒆
10 𝑁

Therefore: µ?;)><;<*8 > µP9Q16 +;R=* > µ<9=4?6*> +;R=*

Learning Outcome

Topic 5: Displacement and Force in Two Dimensions

Section 5.3: Forces in two dimensions
(KPIs 5.3.1 -5.3.5)

• Practice Questions (Addition to Specified Example Questions)

Multiple choice questions
Question 3 to 5
1. A force that produces equilibrium is a(n) . The figure shows two forces 3 N force acting toward
the east and a 4 N force acting toward the south is .
A. net force
B. resultant
√ C. equilibrant
D. constant
3. The magnitude of the equilibrant is .
A. –7 N
2. The equilibrant of a force directed 45° west of
north has the direction . B. 1N
√ C. 5N
A. 45° west of north
D. 7N
B. 45° east of north
√ C. 45° south of east 4. The direction of the resultant force is most nearly:
D. 45° west of south A. →
B. ↓
√ C. ↘
D. ↖
9
5. The direction of the equilibrant is most nearly .
9. An object is in equilibrium. Which force vector
A. → diagram could represent the force(s) acting on the
object?
B. ↓
C. ↘
√ D. ↖
6. The equilibrant of the three forces acting on
an object below is .

A. 5 N downwards
√ B. 5 N upwards A. 1
C. 45 N downwards B. 2
D. 45 N upwards C. 3
√ D. 4
7. Three forces of magnitudes 6N, 8 N and 10 N
are acting on a particle in equilibrium. The Questions 10 and 11
resultant of the 8 N and 10 N forces has a The free-body diagram represents a 227 kg piano
magnitude of . resting on an inclined plane.

A. 2N
√ B. 6N
C. 9N
D. 18 N
10. What is the component of the weight parallel to
8. A 2.0 kg bucket is lowered by a light rope with the inclined plane?
a constant downward velocity of 3.0 m/s. What is the
tension in the rope?
A. 11.4 N
A. 6.0 N B. 11.6 N
√ C. 1110 N
√ B. 20 N
D. 1930 N
C. 30 N
D. 60 N 11. What is the component of the weight
perpendicular to the inclined plane?

A. 11.4 N
B. 11.6 N
C. 1110 N
√ D. 1930 N
10
Questions 12 to 15:
A block slides down a frictionless inclined plane that
makes an angle θ with the horizontal.
16. A 475 N trunk is resting on a plane inclined 40.0°
above the horizontal. Find the components of the
weight force parallel and perpendicular to the
plane.

𝐹1$ 𝐹1%
√ A. 305 N 364 N
12. Which of the expressions shown below expresses
the block’s acceleration? B. 364 N 305 N
C. 305 N 399 N
A. 𝑔 cos 𝜃 D. 399 N 364 N
√ B. 𝑔 sin 𝜃
C. 𝑔 17. If in the diagram below, the skier has mass 45
kg and the slope is at 35°, what is the normal force
D. 2𝑔
of the hill on the skier?

13. Which of the expressions shown below is equal to

the component of the block’s weight acting along
the plane?

A. 𝑚𝑔
√ B. 𝑚𝑔 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃
C. 𝑚𝑔 cos 𝜃 A. 250 N
D. 𝑚𝑔(sin 𝜃 + cos 𝜃) B. 315 N
√ C. 360 N
14. Which of the expressions shown below is equal to
D. 440 N
the normal force on the block?

Questions 18 and 19
A. 𝑚𝑔
A mass is sliding down an incline. As the angle of
B. 𝑚𝑔 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃 elevation for the incline increases,
√ C. 𝑚𝑔 cos 𝜃
D. 𝑚𝑔(sin 𝜃 + cos 𝜃)

15. If the block is at rest on the incline, which of

the equations shown below is true regarding the
force of static friction f ?
18. the coefficient of kinetic friction between the
√ A. 𝑓 = 𝑚𝑔 sin 𝜃 bottom surface of the block and the surface of the
incline will .
B. 𝑓 = 𝑚𝑔 cos 𝜃
C. 𝑓 > 𝑚𝑔 cos 𝜃 A. increase
D. 𝑓 > 𝑚𝑔 sin 𝜃 B. decrease
√ C. remain the same
D. become zero

11
19. the magnitude of the component of its weight
perpendicular to the incline . 23. A 15 𝑘𝑔 mass is sliding along a frictionless floor
with an acceleration of 5 𝑚/𝑠". What is the
magnitude of the net force acting on the mass?
A. increases
√ B. decreases A. 15 N
C. increases, then decreases B. 10 N
D. decreases, then increases C. 20 N
√ D. 75 N
Questions 20 and 21
9. The diagram below shows a box held stationary
24. Two masses, 𝑀 and 𝑚 are hung over a massless,
on a ramp by a string connected to a wall.
frictionless pulley as shown below. If 𝑀 > 𝑚, what
is the downward acceleration of mass 𝑀?
(𝑀 − 𝑚 )𝑔
√ A. 𝑀+𝑚

12
 𝑀
B. u v𝑔
𝑚
20. Which of the following relationship is true? C. 𝑀𝑚𝑔
𝑀+𝑚
A. 𝑇 = −𝐹7
D. 𝑀𝑚𝑔
B. 𝑇 = 𝑊𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃 + 𝐹7
√ C. 𝑊𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃 = 𝑇 + 𝐹7
D. 𝑇 + 𝐹7 = 𝑊 25. Two blocks, weighing 250N and 350N,
respectively, are connected by a string that passes
21. How do the normal force, friction force, and over a massless pulley as shown. The tension in the
tension change when the angle θ is string is:
increased? A. 210 N
Normal, 𝑵 Friction, 𝑭𝒇 Tension, 𝑻 √ B. 290 N
A. Increases Increases Increases C. 410 N
B. Decreases Decreases Decreases D. 500 N

C. Increases Increases Decreases

√ D. Decreases Decreases Increases 26. A 70 N block and a 35 N block are connected by
a string as shown. If the pulley is massless and the
22. A 32 N force, parallel to the incline, is required surface is frictionless, the magnitude of the
to push a certain crate at constant velocity up a acceleration of the 35 N block is .
frictionless incline that is 30 degrees above the
horizontal. The mass of the crate is: A. 1.6 𝑚/𝑠"
A. 3.3. kg √ B. 3.3 𝑚/𝑠"
B. 3.8 kg C. 4.9 𝑚/𝑠"
C. 5.7 kg D. 6.7 𝑚/𝑠"
√ D. 6.5 kg

13
28. Two blocks, of respective masses m and M (𝑚 <
𝑀), are attached to each other by a light rope which
rolls over a light and frictionless pulley. The block of
mass m slides on a frictionless inclined plane as
shown in the figure below.

Which of the below diagrams correctly shows the

forces acting on the two blocks?

Answer the following questions

1. In the diagram below, a box is at rest on an inclined plane.

a. In the table below label the forces A, B, C and D.

Force A Component of the weight of the box parallel to the incline

Force B Weight of the box
Force C Normal force
Force D Frictional force

b. Identify the forces that are equal.

Since the object is at rest, force A is equal to force D

2. A 475 N truck is sliding down a frictionless plane inclined at 40˚ above the horizontal. Calculate the magnitude
of the acceleration.
𝑎 = 𝑔 sin 𝜃 = 9.8 sin(40˚) = 6.3 𝑚/𝑠"

14
3. A box with a mass of 1.0 kg is sliding down a ramp that makes an angle of 25° with the ground. The coefficient
of kinetic friction between the box and the ramp is 0.25. Consider 𝑔 = 10 𝑚/𝑠2.

a. Draw a free body diagram of the forces acting on the mass.

b. What are the components of the box’s weight?

𝐹1$ = 𝑚𝑔 𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝜃 = (1.0 𝑘𝑔)(10 𝑚/𝑠") 𝑠𝑖𝑛 25˚ = 4.2 𝑁
𝐹1% = 𝑚𝑔 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝜃 = (1.0 𝑘𝑔)(10 𝑚/𝑠") 𝑐𝑜𝑠 25˚ = 9.1 𝑁

c. How large is the normal force acting on the box?

𝐹2 = 𝐹1% = 9.1 𝑁

d. What is the magnitude of the force of friction acting on the box?

𝐹7845+49) = µ𝐹2 = (0.25)(9.1 𝑁) = 2.3 𝑁

e. How large is the net force acting on the box along the x-axis?
𝐹)*+ = 𝐹1$ − 𝐹7845+49) = 4.2 𝑁 − 2.3 𝑁 = 1.9 𝑁

f. Calculate the acceleration of the box as it moves down the ramp.

𝐹) * +
1.9
𝑁
𝑎= = = 1.9 𝑚/𝑠"
𝑚 1.0 𝑘𝑔

4. A 40 kg crate is pushed up a 45° incline by a force of 300√2 N, parallel to the incline shown in the figure
below. The coefficient of kinetic friction between the crate and the incline is 0.1.

a. Draw the free body diagram for the crate.

b. Calculate the magnitude of the normal force on the crate.

𝐹2 = 𝐹1% = 𝑚𝑔 cos 𝜃 = 40 × 10 × cos 45 = 283 𝑁

c. Calculate the magnitude of the force of friction on the crate.

𝑓: = 𝜇: 𝐹2 = 0.1 × 283 = 20.3 𝑁

d. Calculate the magnitude of the acceleration of the crate.

𝐹)*+ = 𝑚𝑎
𝐹 − 𝐹1$ − 𝑓: = 𝑚𝑎
𝐹 − 𝑚𝑔 sin 𝜃 − 𝑓: = 𝑚𝑎
300√2 − 40 × 10 × sin 45 − 20.3 = 40𝑎
𝑎 = 2.8 𝑚/𝑠"

15
5. A box of mass 8 𝑘𝑔 is placed on an incline at an angle of 30° from the horizontal. A force 𝐹⃗ = 50 𝑁 is
applied to the box such that it moves up the incline at a constant velocity.

a. Find the component of the weight along the incline.

𝑊|| = 𝑚𝑔 sin 𝜃 = 8(10) sin 30° = 40 𝑁

b. What is magnitude of the kinetic friction acting on the box?

𝐹)*+ = 0
𝐹7 + 𝑊|| − 𝐹 = 0
𝐹7 = 50 𝑁 − 40 𝑁 = 10 𝑁

c. What is the coefficient of kinetic friction?

𝐹7 = 𝜇: 𝐹2 = 𝜇: (𝑚𝑔𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃)
10 = 𝜇: (8)(10)(cos
30°)
10 5
𝜇: = =
72 36

d. As the angle 𝜃 is increased, what happens to the coefficient of kinetic friction between the bottom surface of
the box and the surface of the incline?
The coefficient of friction will remain the same.

6. A block with a mass 𝑚 = 2.0 𝑘𝑔 slides down a ramp inclined at an angle 𝜃 = 30° as shown below. The
block accelerates at a rate of 2.3 𝑚/𝑠".

a. Find the component of the block’s weight along the ramp.

𝑊|| = 𝑚𝑔𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃 = 2.0 𝑘𝑔 × 10 𝑁/𝑘𝑔 × 𝑠𝑖𝑛30° = 10 𝑁

b. Find the frictional force between the block and the ramp.
𝐹)*+ = 𝑊|| − 𝐹7
𝐹7 = 𝑊|| − 𝑚𝑎 = 10 𝑁 − (2.0 𝑘𝑔 × 2.3 𝑚/𝑠") = 5.4 𝑁

c. Calculate the coefficient of kinetic friction.

5.4 𝑁
𝐹7 5.4 𝑁 = = 0.3
µ= =
𝐹2 (2.0 𝑘𝑔 × 10 𝑚/𝑠" × 18 𝑁
𝑐𝑜𝑠30)

7. A 10.0 𝑘𝑔 block is at rest without slipping on a ramp inclined at an angle of 𝜃 = 30° as shown below.

a. Calculate is the normal force exerted by the ramp on the block.

𝐹2 = 𝑚𝑔𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃 = (10.0 𝑘𝑔 × 10 𝑁/𝑘𝑔)𝑐𝑜𝑠30° = 90 𝑁

b. Find the static friction on the block.

𝐹7 = 𝐶𝑜𝑚𝑝𝑜𝑛𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝑜𝑓 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑤𝑒𝑖𝑔ℎ𝑡 𝑎𝑙𝑜𝑛𝑔 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑖𝑛𝑐𝑙𝑖𝑛𝑒
𝐹7 = 𝑚𝑔𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃 = (10.0 𝑘𝑔 × 10 𝑁/𝑘𝑔)𝑠𝑖𝑛30° = 50 𝑁

c. Calculate is the coefficient of static friction.

𝐹7 50 𝑁 5
µ= =
𝐹2 = = 0.56
90 𝑁 9
16
8. An object with mass 𝑚! = 5.0 𝑘𝑔 rests on a rough horizontal table and is connected to a cable that passes
over a pulley and is then fastened to a hanging object with mass 𝑚" = 10.0 𝑘𝑔, as shown in the figure below.
The coefficient of kinetic friction between the block and the surface is 0.300.

a. Draw the free body diagram for the two masses.

b. Calculate the frictional force on the block.

𝑓: = µ: 𝑛 = µ: 𝑚!𝑔 = (0.300)(5.00 𝑘𝑔)(10 𝑚/𝑠") =
15 𝑁

c. Calculate the acceleration of the system.

(𝑚! + 𝑚" )𝑎 = 𝑚" 𝑔 − µ: 𝑚!𝑔 = 5.7 𝑁/𝑘𝑔

𝑚" 𝑔 − µ : 𝑚 ! 𝑔 (10.0 𝑘𝑔)(10 𝑚/𝑠") − (15 𝑁)
85
𝑎 =𝑁 = =
( 𝑚! + (10.00 + 5.00) 15 𝑘𝑔
𝑚") 𝑘𝑔

d. Find the tension in the string.

𝑚" 𝑎 = 𝑚" 𝑔 − 𝑇
𝑇 = 𝑚" 𝑔 − 𝑚" 𝑎 = 𝑚" (𝑔 − 𝑎) = (10.0)(10 − 5.7) = 43 𝑁

9. Two blocks are attached to each other by a light inextensible string that passes over a frictionless pulley of
negligible mass. Mass m1 is 7 kg and mass m2 is 14 kg. What is the acceleration of the blocks if the surface of
the incline plane is frictionless. Consider g =10 m/s2.

(𝑚! + 𝑚" )𝑎 = 𝑚" 𝑔 − 𝑚! 𝑔 sin 30˚

(7 + 14)𝑎 = (14)(10) − (7)(10) sin 30˚
21𝑎 = 140 − 35
105
𝑎= = 5 𝑚/𝑠"
21

10. Two packing crates of masses 𝑚! = 10.0 𝑘𝑔 and 𝑚" = 5.00 𝑘𝑔 are connected by a light string that passes
over a frictionless pulley as in the figure below. The mass 𝑚" lies on a smooth incline of angle 40°.

a. Find the acceleration of the mass 𝑚!.

𝑚! 𝑎 + 𝑚" 𝑎 = 𝑚! 𝑔 − 𝑚" 𝑔𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃
𝑚! − 𝑚" 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃 10.0 𝑘𝑔 − (5.00 𝑘𝑔)𝑠𝑖𝑛40.0°
𝑎 = u 𝑚 ! + 𝑚" v 𝑔 = z string. { 10 𝑁/𝑘𝑔
70
𝑎= = 4.4 𝑚/𝑠"
15

b. Find the tension in the

17
15.0 𝑘𝑔
𝑇 = 𝑚! (𝑔 − 𝑎) = (10.0 𝑘𝑔)(10 − 4.4) = 56 𝑁

18
 Learning Outcome

Topic 6: Motion in Two Dimensions

Section 6.1: Projectile Motion (Part)
(KPIs 6.1.1 -6.1.2)

• Practice Questions (Addition to Specified Example Questions)

Multiple choice question

1. Any moving object that moves only under the force Questions 5 to 7
of gravity (after initial thrust) is a(n) . The diagram below represents the path of a stunt car
that is driven off a cliff, neglecting friction.
√ A. projectile
B. satellite
C. free floater
D. vector

2. A projectile's path through space is called its .

A. period 5. The horizontal component of the car’s velocity at

point A is the horizontal component of the car’s
B. flight plan
velocity at point B.
√ C. trajectory
D. range A. smaller than
B. greater than
3. The horizontal distance a projectile travels is the √ C. the same as
.
A. torque D. opposite in direction to

B. trajectory 6. Which of the statements below is true

√ C. range regarding the vertical acceleration of the car as it
D. maximum height moves from point A to B?

4. A stone is thrown horizontally at 20 m/s from the A. Increases

top of a cliff 63 m high. How fast is it moving the B. Decreases
instant before it hits the ground? √ C. Remains the same

A. 28 m/s D. Is upwards

B. 33 m/s 7. Which of the statements below is true

√ C. 40 m/s regarding the horizontal acceleration of the car
D. 38 m/a as it moves from point A to B?
A. Increases
B. Decreases
√ C. Is zero
D. Is positive
19
Questions 8 and 9
The diagram shows the trajectory of a ball that is 10. In the photograph below, if the baseballs fell a
thrown horizontally from the top of a building. The vertical distance of 1.6 m from the first to the
ball’s vertical and horizontal velocity vectors, along last image, how long did it take them to fall?
with the resultant vectors, are also indicated. The ball
takes 3.0 s to reach the ground. A. 0.16 s
B. 0.32 s
C. 0.40 s
√ D. 0.57 s

11. You accidentally throw your car keys horizontally

at 5.0 m/s from a cliff 45 m high. How far from the
8. What is the ball’s vertical speed by the time it base of the cliff should you look for your keys?
reaches the ground?
√ A. 15 m
A. 9.8 m/s B. 45 m
√ B. 29 m/s C. 135 m
C. 58 m/s D. 225 m
D. 60 m/s
12. An orange is dropped at the same time and
9. If the ball’s initial horizontal velocity is 1.9 from the same height that a bullet is shot from a
m/s, how far from the building is the ball when it gun. Which of the following is true?
hits the ground?
The acceleration due to gravity is greater
√ A. 5.7 m A. for the orange because the orange
B. 11 m is heavier
C. 32 m Gravity acts less on the bullet than on the
D. 59 m B. orange because the bullet is moving so
quickly
C. The velocities will be the same
The two objects will hit the ground at the
√
same time

Answer the following questions.

1. You throw a stone horizontally at a speed of 5.0 m/s from the top of a cliff that is 78.4 m high.

a. How long does it take the stone to reach the bottom of the cliff?
1
∆𝑦 = 𝑣4%𝑡 + 𝑔𝑡"
21
78.4 = (0)𝑡 + (9.8)𝑡 "
2
𝑡 = 4.0 𝑠
20
 b. How far from the base of the cliff does the stone hit the ground
∆𝑥 = 𝑣4$𝑡
∆𝑥 = 5.0 × 4.0
∆𝑥 = 20 𝑚

c. What are the horizontal and vertical components of the stone’s velocity just before it hits the ground?

𝑣𝑖$ = 𝑣𝑓$ = 5.0 𝑚/𝑠

𝑣𝑓% = 𝑣𝑖% + 𝑔𝑡 = 0 + (9.8)(4.0) = 39 𝑚/𝑠

2. A boy throws a stone horizontally from a cliff with a speed of 12.0 m/s. It takes the stone 4.0 s to reach the
bottom of the cliff.

a. How high is the cliff?

1
∆𝑦 = 𝑣U%𝑡 + 𝑔𝑡"
1 2
∆𝑦 = (−9.8)(4.0)"
2
∆𝑦 = −78.4 𝑚 → ℎ = 78.4 𝑚

b. How far from the base of the cliff does the stone land?
∆𝑥 = 𝑣U$𝑡
∆𝑥 = 12 × cos 0 × 4
∆𝑥 = 48.0 𝑚

21
 Learning Outcome

Topic 6: Motion in Two Dimensions

Section 6.1: Projectile Motion (Part)
(KPIs 6.1.1 -6.1.2)

• Practice Questions (Addition to Specified Example Questions)

Multiple choice question

1. Any moving object that moves only under the force Questions 5 to 7
of gravity (after initial thrust) is a(n) . The diagram below represents the path of a stunt car
that is driven off a cliff, neglecting friction.
A. projectile
B. satellite
C. free floater
D. vector

2. A projectile's path through space is called its .

A. period 5. The horizontal component of the car’s velocity at

point A is the horizontal component of the car’s
B. flight plan
velocity at point B.
C. trajectory
D. range A. smaller than
B. greater than
3. The horizontal distance a projectile travels is the C. the same as
.
A. torque D. opposite in direction to

B. trajectory 6. Which of the statements below is true

C. range regarding the vertical acceleration of the car as it
D. maximum height moves from point A to B?

4. A stone is thrown horizontally at 20 m/s from the A. Increases

top of a cliff 63 m high. How fast is it moving the B. Decreases
instant before it hits the ground? C. Remains the same

A. 28 m/s D. Is upwards

B. 33 m/s 7. Which of the statements below is true

C. 40 m/s regarding the horizontal acceleration of the car
D. 38 m/a as it moves from point A to B?
A. Increases
B. Decreases
C. Is zero
D. Is positive
22
Questions 8 and 9
The diagram shows the trajectory of a ball that is 10. In the photograph below, if the baseballs fell a
thrown horizontally from the top of a building. The vertical distance of 1.6 m from the first to the
ball’s vertical and horizontal velocity vectors, along last image, how long did it take them to fall?
with the resultant vectors, are also indicated. The ball
takes 3.0 s to reach the ground. A. 0.16 s
B. 0.32 s
C. 0.40 s
D. 0.57 s

11. You accidentally throw your car keys horizontally

at 5.0 m/s from a cliff 45 m high. How far from the
8. What is the ball’s vertical speed by the time it base of the cliff should you look for your keys?
reaches the ground?
A. 15 m
A. 9.8 m/s B. 45 m
B. 29 m/s C. 135 m
C. 58 m/s D. 225 m
D. 60 m/s
12. An orange is dropped at the same time and
9. If the ball’s initial horizontal velocity is 1.9 from the same height that a bullet is shot from a
m/s, how far from the building is the ball when it gun. Which of the following is true?
hits the ground?
The acceleration due to gravity is greater
A. 5.7 m A. for the orange because the orange
B. 11 m is heavier

C. 32 m Gravity acts less on the bullet than on the

D. 59 m B. orange because the bullet is moving so
quickly
C. The velocities will be the same
The two objects will hit the ground at the
D.
same time

Answer the following questions.

1. You throw a stone horizontally at a speed of 5.0 m/s from the top of a cliff that is 78.4 m high.

a. How long does it take the stone to reach the bottom of the cliff?

23
 b. How far from the base of the cliff does the stone hit the ground

c. What are the horizontal and vertical components of the stone’s velocity just before it hits the ground?

2. A boy throws a stone horizontally from a cliff with a speed of 12.0 m/s. It takes the stone 4.0 s to reach the
bottom of the cliff.

a. How high is the cliff?

b. How far from the base of the cliff does the stone land?

24