LAB MUNA
providing strength, stability and durability of the concrete. But
IDENTIFICATION:
•Mechanical Analysis – material passing 2m sieve, 150 g
•Atterberng Limit Test – material passing .425 mm sieve, 200 g
•Compaction Test – material passing 4.75 sieve, 3k g
•Sieve test – used for separating small and large samples
•Slump test – used to measure the consistency of concrete in a
certain batch.
•Titles ng Experiment
Preparation of Samples for Test
Slump Test of Portland Cement Concrete
•OBJ & Apparatus ng mga experiment Prep of sample test (exp
1)
OBJ: TO PREP DISTURBED SOIL AND SOIL AGGRE
Oven – used to dry
Balance - used to weight sample Pans – used as container
Mortar and rubber covered pestle – used to break samples Det.
Of water content (2)
Container with cover
Desiccator – used to store samples in dry atmosphere Balance
Oven
Amount of material finer than no. 200 sieve (3) OBJ: TO DET.
THE AMOUNT OF SILT AND CLAY
Sieve no. 10 and 200 – used to separate liquid and solid Pan
Oven Container
Balance weight
Fineness of hydraulic cement (4) OBJ: TO DET THE FINENESS
Balance
Brush, fine
Sieve 200 w/ pan and cover
Slump test of portland cement concrete (5)
OBJ: TO DET THE WORKABILITY OF FRESH BEFORE PLACING
Scoop or shovel - Slump mold -
Tamping rod 16 mm diam and 600 mm long - Steel ruler -
Container
Standard size of deformed bar (6)
OBJ: TO DET THE ACTUAL SIZE AND UNIT WEIGTH OF DEFORM
BARS
Metal cutting saw or bar cutter - used to cut Balance and set
weights
Vernier caliper – used to measure accurate measurements
•140°F sa oven not exceeding
•Water Content
•105-110C temperature sa constant weight
•2 Hours pag na dried ung sandy material
•150°C temp. after cooling
•25 strokes of tamping rod layer
ENUMERATION:
•1-5 apparatus used in exp 5 Scoop
Slump mold Tamping rod Steel ruler Container
•Why do we need to ensure that our aggregates are clean
before using in concrete mixture (essay) Concrete is essential
construction material that consists of water cement aggregates
and etc.
Among these components aggregates plays a crucial role in
it is important to ensure that aggregates are clean and free
from impurities before using it in concrete mixture.
Clean aggregates can influence the structural integrity of
concrete. Any impurities present in aggregates can weaken the
bond between cement paste and aggregates that leading to
reduced strength and durability. But with clean aggregates we
can assure that it has a strong interlocking structure that can
resist to external forces.
In addition, clean aggregates can improve the workability
because there are no components that can interfere with the
flow and consistency of concrete mixture. So, we can mix, and
place concrete with ease.
Furthermore, clean aggregates can produce a good quality and
consistent concrete that is important in meeting the desired
design specifications.
Overall, clean aggregates are necessary to have a high-quality
concrete. They provide structural integrity, improved
workability, and good quality that helps the construction
professionals to meet
design specifications, and offer a reliable performance in the
construction industry.
Why do we need to check the workability of concrete during
the placing to the proposed structure (essay)
Concrete is a flexible construction material that commonly
used in structures due to its strength, durability, and
adaptability. It is crucial to assess and ensure its workability in
which concrete can be
mixed, placed and finished with ease. Checking the workability
of concrete during placement is vital to ensure the structural
integrity and durability of the proposed structure.
Workability of concrete can affect its strength and overall
stability. Poor workability can also
lead to poor bonding between concrete and reinforcement
which damaging the structural integrity of a proposed structure.
By assessing workability during placement, contractors can
make adjustments to
ensures that structure meets the required load capacity and
withstand the external forces effectively.
In addition, checking workability during concrete placement
helps minimize various defects and durability issues that may
arise over time. So, by monitoring workability, contractors can
easily identify the issues like bleeding, excessive water content,
and etc., which can be correct immediately.
Overall, checking workability of concrete during placement is
important for the succession of construction projects. By
addressing the workability issue promptly, contractors can
minimize the defects, and improve a long term performance of
the structure.
ENUMERATION
APPARATUS USED IN EXPERIMENT 5
-Slump mold
-Tamping rod – 16mm diameter and 600mm long
-Scoop or shovel
-Steel ruler
-Container for mixing concrete sample METHODS OF PRESERVATION (WOOD)
-Pressure process or vacuum process
-Soaking Treatment
APPARATUS ON EXPI. 1 -Surface application
-Balance, sensitive to 0.1gOven -ASCU treatment
-Standard sieves: 4.75mm (no.4), 2.00(no.10) and -Charrying, Tarryng, Creosoting
0.424mm(no.40) openings -Hot and Cold Press
-Mortal and rubber covered pestle
-Sample splitter PURPOSE OF PAINT
-Pans -Protect the surface from the effect of weathering
-Prevent wood from deacay and metal from corrosion
ADVANTAGE OF USING RECYCLED WASTE MATERIALS -Provide decorative finish
-Saves energy BENEFITS OF TIMBER
-Reduces solid waste -Wood is a renewable resource
-Reduces air and water pollutants -Wood is important for carbon storage
-Reduces greenhouse gasses -Wood is used to produce pulp and paper
-Wood is natural insulator
CLASSIFICATION OF WOOD / CHARACTERISTICS OF WOOD -Wood is an important building material
-Hardwood
-Softwood CLASSIFICATION OF WALLING MATERIALS TYPES OF
ACCOUSTICAL MATERIAL
MATERIALS USED IN CONSTRUCTING CEILING -Acoustic plaster
-Drywall -Acoustic tiles
- -Acoustic foam
Cement board -Straw board
-Plaster of paris -Pulp board
-Cloth -Chip board
-Pvc or vinyl -Asbestos cement board
FUNCTION OF CEILING -Compressed fiber board
-Acoustic conditioning
-Thermal insulation CLASSIFICATION OF COATING
-Lowering the scale of spaces -Industrial
-Concealing structural element -Architectural
USES OF SEALANTS CHARACTERISTICS OF GLASS
-Seal joints -Hardness and Brittleness
-Shore up cracks -Weather resistance
-Laminate porous materials -Insulation
USED OF SEALANTS IN DIFFERENT INDUSTRIES -Chemical resistance
-Electronics -Colour and shape varieties
-Automotive -Transparency
-Aerospace 2 TYPES OF WALL
- -Interior
GLASS MAKING PROCESS -Exterior
-Collection of raw material
-Preparation of batch DIFFERENT TYPES OF CEILING MATERIALS
-Melting in furnace -Drywall
-Fabrication -Cement board
-Annealing -Plaster of paris
-Wood
STAGE OF GLASS -Metal
-Collection of raw material -Fiberglass
-Preparation of batch -Mineral fiber
-Melting in furnace -Pvc
-Glass
-Fabrication -Cloth
-Annealing

Three way of preserving timber