PROJECT TITLE: IMPROVEMENT OF EARTH ROAD FROM

KITALE NATIONAL POLYTECHNIC TO KITALE REFFERAL

HOSPITAL BY THE USE OF DO –NOU TECHNOLOGY, P.O BOX

1700KITALE

PRESENTER : MAJUMA EMILY WANYAMA

COURSE CODE: 2707/305

INSTITUTION CODE: 503111

INDEX NUMBER: 5031112331

INSTITUTION: THE KITALE NATIONAL POLYTECHNIC

SUPERVISOR: MR SIKOTO MOSES JUMA

PRESENTED TO: KENYA EXAMINATIONAL COUNCIL IN

PARTIAL FULLFILMENT OF THE AWARD OF DIPLOMA IN

CIVIL ENGINEERING

SERIES: JULY /AUGUST SERIES

1
 DECLARATION
I declare that this project is my original work which has never been presented to this Kitale
National Polytechnic for examinational purposes and therefor no part of this manuscript should
be produced without my knowledge

i
 DEDICATION
I dedicate this project to the republic of Kenya, government of japan, ILO and CORE for their
supportive skills ideas towards the training and giving me skills on how to come up with a stable
type of road. I also dedicate this to my family especially my husband who has tirelessly
supported me in every corner of my study. Not forgetting my tutor Mr. Sikoto Juma for putting
more efforts to empower me with knowledge and understanding. Lastly to Kitale National
Polytechnic at large and specially building and civil engineering department.

ii
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
First I thank the almighty God for giving me gift and chance to study. Other thanks goes to
engineer Kidanu, Chief Technical Adviser , ILO , all core staffs and all who participated in do-
nou trainings and demonstrations .Kindly take this appreciation as a sincere appreciation for your
support

iii
Contents
DECLARATION...............................................................................................................................................i
DEDICATION.................................................................................................................................................ii
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT.................................................................................................................................iii
ABSTRACT...................................................................................................................................................vi
CHAPTER ONE..............................................................................................................................................1
INTRODUCTION...........................................................................................................................................1
Cohesive test...............................................................................................................................................2
Visual test....................................................................................................................................................2
Cohesion test...............................................................................................................................................2
Particle size distribution test.......................................................................................................................3
Vibration test...............................................................................................................................................3
Settlement test............................................................................................................................................4
CHAPTER TWO.............................................................................................................................................7
Do- nou procedure for road maintenance...................................................................................................7
Bump drain is applied on.............................................................................................................................9
Drift drain is applied on:..............................................................................................................................9
How to carry out excavation......................................................................................................................11
The road excavated vertically....................................................................................................................12
Covering camber and wearing course making...........................................................................................14
CHAPTER THREE........................................................................................................................................15
MAINTENANCE..........................................................................................................................................15
Replace worn out bags with new ones......................................................................................................15
Estimating the amount of trying string required.......................................................................................18
Estimation of manpower and project duration.........................................................................................18
Estimation the number of tools required..................................................................................................19
Material cost.............................................................................................................................................20
REFERENCES..............................................................................................................................................22

iv
E ANNEXES.................................................................................................................................................23
ANNEX 1 DEFINITIOINS..............................................................................................................................23
TERMS AND CONDITIONS..........................................................................................................................23
ANNEX 2 SAMPLE RECORD SHEETS...........................................................................................................25
ANNEX 3....................................................................................................................................................27
SAMPLE DAILY FIELD WORK RECORD SHEET.............................................................................................27
FIELD WORK DAILY RECORD SHEET...........................................................................................................27
ANNEX 4 CONTRACT PROCESS...................................................................................................................28
CONTRACT DOCUMENTS FOR CONVENTIONAL LABOUR BASED WORKS..................................................29

v
ABSTRACT
Kitale national polytechnic is one of the fastest growing institute .and so it serves the largest
community within and across Trans Nzoia County. Due to that increase in population, there is
need for an access to the institute especially to the students who come from within, using the
earth road from kitale referral hospital.

Therefore I did a survey and identified this road which is near to the institute and so it needs an
improvement and since I have got an idea on how to improve it through locally available
material am ready to do so. This is because it’s easy to get the used sacks and murram .also it’s a
labor based job thus it will provide job opportunity to the youths within the area.

vi
vii
CHAPTER ONE

INTRODUCTION
(A) General introduction about Do Nou Technology

DO -nou is a Japanese word that means wrapping soil in a gunny bag (size do-nou bag -45cm x
60cm)

Do –nou technology application on road maintenance involves use of this gunny bag to repair
and maintain damaged sections of the road. The bags are filled appropriately with sand or farm
soil or gravel (murram).thereafter properly securing the bag opening with an appropriate string.
The bags are laid in a systematic way, compacted and covered with a wearing course f gravelly
material.

Do-nou has high bearing capacity of up to 250kN can carry an axle load of 25 tonnes. They are
commonly used to raise embankments to prevent floods construct temporary structures in
response to disasters and reinforcing soft buildings, foundations

(B) Size of Do-Nou

45cm

60cm

1
For second handbags, the amount of murram put in it must be maintained as that of Do-Nou

(C) MATERILAS

Murram /gravel

Except for expensive clays all other types of clay or any other type of the soil material can be
used in the Dou –Nou bags

(D) Field test for examination of gravel

Characteristics of good gravel

Good gravel is made of a mixture of stones, sand and clay in the ratio

Composition Particle size Percentage

Stones 2mm 50%
Sand 0.06-2mm 40%
Clay and silt 0.06mm 10%

Cohesive test

Visual test
Take a dry sample of material and crumble it in your hand, particles larger than 2mm should be
about half. Crumble large particles in your hands or tap lightly with a hammer. If lumps
disintegrate completely into sand size particles, it will not be suitable for gravelling as some
disintegration will happen under traffic

Cohesion test
Take a handful of dump sample mold into ball to check presence of cohesive material required
to bind larger particles together. If cohesive fines are present, materials will together when gently
placed on a flat surface. Silts and clays will also stain the hands

2
Particle size distribution test

Vibration test

Observations

Fine material will move up slope or remain in same place

Coarse material moves down the slope

The difference in size between the largest and the smallest particle shows the sample is well
graded i.e compact well

If a few sizes can be seen, then the sample is single size or poorly graded

Settlement test

3
Observation

Gravel and course sand settle immediately

Fine sand and coarse silt settle more slowly about 30 seconds approximate the quantities of each
size seen as layers in each sample

Sand particle size and stones with size larger than the circle made by thumb and forefingers
should be removed

(E) Target roads

 Rural access roads

 Unclassified roads
 Feeder roads

4
Most roads in rural areas of Kenya are impassable during rainy season. This leads to high
post harvest losses due to untimely delivery of the produce to the markets. Impossible
potions of the roads can be constructed and maintained using Do-Nou technology
(F) Why Do-Nou technology
Uses locally available materials, one can use seedling bags left, materials put inside the
bag, sand, murram
Manual labour based technology hence creates employment without both compromising
the quality and increasing the cost
Easily adopted and applied by the community hence sustainable
With regular maintenance the road section maintained using Do-Nou technology is
durable. Its therefore preferable to maintain it after every rain season

5
CHAPTER TWO

Do- nou procedure for road maintenance

i. Preparations community mobilization and planning

 I will identify community around the project area which is at KITALE REFFERAL
HOSPITAL TO KITALE NATIONAL POLYTECHNIC
 Sensitize and mobilize the community through the village elders chief and councilors
 Choose road committee to act as supervisors and store keeper
 Build consensus on the road maintenance among the community
 Fix the date for maintaining the road and confirm all the arrangements for roadwork
 Identify the portion as a group through a barasa
 Survey the site and make a detailed maintenance plan especially the drainage plan
 Get approval from the owner of adjoin land for the drainage plan. You can suggest
utilization of the water from the road.
ii. Preparation of tools and materials
6
 For maintenance of a 30M X 5M portion of a road by 30 people working for an
average of 4 hours(8.30 am- 16.30 pm), assemble the following tools and materials

NO TOOLS QUANTY NO TOOLS QUANTITY

1 Jembes 15 10 Spades 12
2 Hand rammer/compact 7 11 Tape measure 1
3 Slasher 3 12 Tri-square 1
4 Mattocks 4 13 Measuring strings 250ml
5 Picks axes 3 14 Sledge hammers 1
Containers(20liter 5 15 Claw hammers 1
can)
Files/sharpeners 1 16 Spirit level 1
Wheelbarrows 4 17 Pangas 4
Fork jembes 5 18 crowbars

Materials Amount
Murram 15 tons
Do-nou bags 500pics
Suiti-tying string 250m length
Stones

All the tools and materials should be prepared and transported to the site before the construction
date.

b) road work activities

c) construction of drainage

7
  Rain water is the main cause of damage to roads. A good drainage system will
significantly reduce the water effect and minimize the need for frequent road
maintenance.
 Good drainage collects all rain water and disposes it safely at short intervals and it
enables road to rapid dry out after rain to regain full strength.
 Successful construction and maintenance of road starts with the maintenance. I will first
of all make the maintenance of the drainage system from the kitale reffereal hospital to
kitale national polytechnic to maintain the road drainage system and introduce scour
checks.
 Is important to build consensus with the owners of the forms on diverting the run off in to
the farms at a shorter intervals.

(ii.) TYPES OF DRAINAGE

- Side drain
- Mitre drain
- Bump drain
- Drift drain
- Sub- surface drain
1. Side drain
Do not leave the excavated soil from the drainage on the road dispose way
- Keep the gradient from upstream road to down stream
- Maintenance of the drainage should be done regularly
- Note:- control ditch excavate ditch with ditch template.
- Cut the fore slope and back slope
- Check ditch and for slope using slope template.
2. Bump drain: How to make a bump drain
a. Make a bump drain foundation using Do- no bags
Compact the bags appropriately
b. Cover the Do-no bags with murram
c. Check that the gradient of water slopes

8
Bump drain is applied on
Steep and long slope

Road with sunken profile i.e road situated below the surrounding ground level

Diversion drift/ditch drain how to make a drift drain

- Remove unwanted soft materials

- Make a firm drift foundation made of hrdcore
- Foundation is made by placing larger tones first and subsequently smaller ones. The drift
wearing course is constructed with the finest stones smoothen the riding quality across
the drift drain.

Drift drain is applied on:

- Sag i.e portion where the gradient of the road is changing from downward to upward.
3. Sub surface drain- How to make a sub surface drain.
- Measure/excavate
- Put stones in the ditch small stones D=5-10cm big D=15-12 cm
- Cover with the D0-Nou bags to prevent soil from clogging the sub0surface drainage

Where the road from KITALE REFFERAL HOSPITAL TO KITALE NATIONAL

POLYTECHNIC has pot holes and rats the above systems is used thus making the surface level
for will laying of other

9
Do-nou bags appropriately and compacting

Do- nou bags which are filled with in- situ soil

If the under laying soil is soft reinforce with Do-nou with Do-nou bags as shown below.

This protects the entry and exit walls from clogging due to erosion

(C) procedure of road formation construction

I will identify the damaged road section of KITALE REFERAL HOSPITAL ROAD TO
KITALE NATIONAL POLYTECHNIC . if there is mud it will be removed and disposed
offthen mark out the portion with a strig then the marked area will be excavated

There after the Do nou bags will be filled with the recommended soil and tied tightly. Lay Do
nou bags appropriately and compact fill the space between the Do nou bags and compact the fill
independently . check chamber formation to ensure water is drained away from the road carriage
way

D) How to mark out the portions

I will water the Kitale referral hospital road to Kitale national polytechnic if it will be too dry to
facilitate compaction. Also I should check camber formation to ensure water is drained away
from the road carriageway.

10
Table showing no of Do nou along given measurement line no of Do nou A length (cm)

Line No of Do nou A length Line No ofDo nou A length

(cm)
1 40
2 80
3 120
/ /
n Nx40
1 40
2 80
b-b 3 120
/ /
N NX40

How to carry out excavation

The KITALE RFERAL HOSPITAL TO KITALE NATIONAL POLYTECHNIC NIC ROAAD
will be excavated to the impossible sections to adepth of 10 cm of Do nou nou bags

The number of layers depends on the no of vehicles to the road and the depth to be raised for the
roads to achieve the required profile

The depth of the excavated portion should be controlled with sticks . rocky /firms parts exacaated

11
The road excavated vertically

f ) how to measure murram into the Do nou bags , first of all the murram will be loosened then
fill the murram to the open end level the soil to the brim then transfer soil into a Dou bag

12
(g) How to tie the Do nou bags

The is about 40 cm .measure using aimtie the bag above the hand as it rest on the murram tie the
Do nou bag tightly then the bag flled with murram will be appropriately secure

(h)how to lay the Do nou bags on the road and compaction.

The Do nou bags should be compacted to firmness with 10 blows per bag . the spaces between
the Do nou bags will disappear after compaction

After compaction the laid Do nou bags , the spaces are filled with muraam and compacted

13
Covering camber and wearing course making
 Lay and compact the final layer of Do nou
 Apply 10 cm thickness layer of murram
 Compact 10 cm thickness layer of murram

CHAPTER THREE

MAINTENANCE
Roads constructed using Dou- nou technology require regular maintenance after every rain
season

Replace worn out bags with new ones

If the Do- nou bag is not worn out then cover with murram and compact

14
Do-nou bags should be completely covered with murram if exposed, sunlight and the sunlight
and the traffic easily wear out the Dou – nou

A ) roads that require maintenance

 Exposed Dou nous bags

 Sunken road profile

B) Maintenance for sunken road profile

15
(d )MATERIAL AND COST ESTIMATION

Material estimation

The figure 1 shows the damaged section of the road with potholes labeled A, B1, B2, C, D AND
E. the length depth of each individual I measured and tabulated in the record table 2 . The
measurement are used to find the amount of bags to be used

Diagram illustrating the potholes on the road to be repaired length and width estimation the
number of bags for potholes A, B,C,D,E

The table below shows the number of bags along each length, width and depth

 To get the number of Dou –nou bags on along the length and width for one row divide
each measurement by 0.4 which is the measurement of the size of the Dou –nou bags
when filled with murram and compacted.
 To get the number of layers for bags in the depth ,use the thickness of a Dou –nou bag
filled with murram and compacted which is 0.1m

Table 1

16
Depth bags Layers
0.1 1 Note if the depth of pothole is below 0.1m we take it as 0.1m
0.2 2 hence 1 layer. if it exceeds 0.1m but below 0.2 m we take it as
0.3 3 0.2 m hence 2 layers

Table 2

Measured depth Assumed depth( cm) No of Dou nou bags

(cm) layers
8 10 1 If it exceeds 0.2 m
13 20 2 but below 0.3 we
24 30 3 take 0.3 hence 3
layers see the table
below

To get the number of bags in a given pothole ,multiply the number of bags along the
length of those along the width and the layer in the depth like let us calculate te number
of bags in pothole labeled E
The number of each individual pothole is calculated as above and the total number of
bags obtained by summing up the bags for all potholes this is shown in the table below

Table 3

Length Width (cm) Depth (cm) No of Dou –

(cm) nou bags
A 1.6 0.8 0.1 4x2x1=8
No . of bags 4 2 1
B 2.4 0.8 0.2 6x2x2=24
no. of bags 6 2 2
C 7.22 1.6 0.1 18x1x1=72
No .of bags 18 4 1
D 6.4 0.8 0.2 16x2x2=64
No . of bags 16 2 2
E 2.4 0.8 0.3 6x2x3=36
No . of bags 6 2 3
1 layer (8+72)=80
2 layers (24+64)==88
3 layers =36
Total no. of Do nou 80+88+36=204
bags

17
Estimating the amount of trying string required
 One bag requires 35ccm of string
 Estimate the number of bags required as shown above
 The length of string required if then obtained as
 Length =35x no. of bags
 If the number of bags =284
 String required = (35x284)=9940cm=99.4m
 If the roll of the trying string is 500m then the number of rolls of string required is
one.

For three layers of bags =1.8 times the amount of murram in the bags like potholes since it is
three layers the total amount of murram to be used including the cover and camber making is =
(1.8x120)+120=336kgs

To get the total amount of murram we sum up the calculated amounts for all the potholes like
A+B+C+D+E=368+500+3312+4905+336=9421KGS

The above table on the next page shows how to summarize the above information on table

Table 4

Pothole Do nou Weight per Layers Murram Covers outsideSub total

bags bags inside murram
A 8 20kg 1 160 1.3x160=208 368
B 10 20kg 2 200 1.5x200=300 500
C 72 20kg 1 1440 1.3x1440=1872 3312
D 96 20kg 2 1920 1.x19902985 4905
E 6 20kg 3 120 1.8x120=216 336
Total 9421kgs=9.421

Estimation of manpower and project duration

Estimation of man days

This estimation takes into consideration all the activities involved in road construction. This
estimation is in reference to worst case scenario (road condition). The activities involved in Do
nou technology are as follows

Pre (project introduction) and post project meetings

 Removal of draining of water if any

 Digging and disposing of soils
 Raising the road level to the required level

18
  Tying of the filled bags
 Laying and compacting Do nou bags then filing spaces between bags
 Overlay covering camber making and compacting
 Drainage making

From the experience its estimated that the person working 8 man hours a day can maintain an
area of 1.4 cubic meters using Do nou technology

From the above statement the number of manpower required for the road project is equal to the
volume that is to be covered

The table below shows how to represent estimated man days and project duration

Length (m)x width Volume (m3) Man days Group members Duration project
(m)x depth
100x4.5x0.2 90 64 40 1.6 days
120x4.5.0.2 108 77 36 2.2 days

Estimation the number of tools required

From field experience the number of tools required for Do nou technology field application for a
group of 30 people is as follows

Table 6

Tools Quantity
1 Jembes 15
2 Pangas 5
3 Slashers 5
4 Mattocks 5
5 Pick axes 3
6 Containers 5
7 Files 2
8 Wheelbarrows 4
9 Fork jembes 5
10 Spades 12
11 Tape measures 2
12 Tri squares 2
13 Measuring strings 100m roll
14 Sledge hammers 2
15 Claw hammers 2
16 Spirit levels 2
17 Hand hammers 10

19
(b) Project cost

Table 7

Material cost
Item Quantity Unit cost (ksh ) Cost
Do nou bags 204 pieces 17 3468
Murram 9.421 tones 600 5652.6
Stones 15 tons 600 9000
Strings 1 roll 250 250
Total material cost Ksh 18370.6

Labor cost

Group members Project duration Man days Unit cost Cost

40 1.6 64 280 17920
36 2.2 77 280 21560
Total labour cost Total 39480

Total labour cost

Tools Quantity Unit cost( ksh ) Cost ksh

1 Jembes 15 700 10500

2 Pangas 5 400 2000
3 Slashers 5 350 1750
4 Mattocks 5 700 3500
5 Pick axes 3 500 1500
6 Containers 5 350 3500
7 Files 2 150 300
8 Wheelbarrows 4 3500 14000
9 Fork jembes 5 1200 6000
10 Spades 12 350 4200
11 Tape measures 2 1000 2000
12 Tri squares 2 500 1000
13 Measuring 1 300 300
strings
14 Sledge hammers 2 1500 3000
15 Claw hammers 2 400 800
16 Spirit levels 2 300 600
17 Hand hammers 10 1500 15000
Total cost Ksh 59750

20
 (c) Approximated cost of the project

Table 8 Total project cost

Item Cost
Materials 59750
Labour 39480
Tools 18370.6
Miscellaneous 10000
Total project cost 127600

REFERENCES
1. Simon Tembo and Francis Blokhus for supervision of labour based road rehabilitation
works advisory support information services and international labour office (ILO)
2. Road maintenance using Do nou technology training material small holder horticultural
empowerment project November 2009
3. Jack Hindson 19832n a practical guide to earth roads construction and maintenance

21
4. Andreqas beaush and marie winshold 2001 skills course manual site supervisor course for
labour based and community managed upgrading of urban low income settlement
international labour office (ILO) Kenya water institute (KEWI) and ministry of roads
kisii training center

22
E ANNEXES

ANNEX 1 DEFINITIOINS

TERMS AND CONDITIONS

23
 Alignment - the direction of the center line of the road
Back slope - the portion of the side drain from the ditch invert to the intersection with
natural terrain
Carriage way -that portion of the roadway intended for the movement of vehicle
Camber - the carriage way chamber consist of a straight line cross fall from the center
line to the shoulders
Center line - a theoretical line a longitudinal axis dividing the road equally in two parts
Crown - the highest point of the road located at the center line when the surface is
shaped with a chamber
Ditch invert - the cross section profile of the side drawn from the side slope to the back
slope
Gravel course - the top layer of the gravel road also referred to as surface course or
gravel wearing course
Formation - the surface of the subgrade in its final form after completion of earth works
Road way - the area normally used by the traffic consisting of the carriageway intersect
Shoulders – the point at which the side slopes o the ditch and he carriageway intersect
Side drain – the drainage channel along shoulders of the roads which collects run off
water from carriageway and which prevents water from surrounding terrain from
reaching the road surface
Side slope – the portion of the side drain from the shoulder break point to the ditch invert
Sub grade -the existing natural soils on which the roads pavement is placed
Culvert - a drainage structure allowing water to pass under the road pavement to be
discharged on the lower side of the road
Gabion a basket made of wire and filled with stones
Drift – a structure which allows water to cross the water to cross the road and which at
the same time provides a firm surface for a vehicle to pass through the water
Gradient – the rate of rise or fall in the relation in the horizontal along th length of the
road or other structure
Mitre drain – a drainage channel used for leading water away from the side drain into
the surrounding

ANNEX 2 SAMPLE RECORD SHEETS

Sample tool management sheet
……………………..date……………………………………..
24
Tool and management sheet ………………………………date
………………………………………..
Group name …………………………………………….
Project name ………………………………………………..activity
……………………………………………….

Deliver Tools Quantit Conditio Retur Quantit Conditio Repai Remark

y date y n n date y n r s
Wheelbarro
w
Compactors
Jembes
Fork jembes
Spades
Slashers
Mattocks
Cans
Pangas
Crowbars
File
Pick axes
Sledge
hammers
Claw
hammers
Tape
measures
Taplates
Watering
cans

25
Delivery Materials Quantity Used Remained Remarks
date
Do nou bags
Silt twine
strings
Murram
Stones
Sand
Water

Received by ……………………………………………………..checked by
……………………………………..
Sign ……………………………………………………………………sign
………………………………………………..
Delivered by ………………………………………………………checked by
………………………………………….
Sign ……………………………………………………………………sign
………………………………………………………….

26
ANNEX 3

SAMPLE DAILY FIELD WORK RECORD SHEET

FIELD WORK DAILY RECORD SHEET

Site name ……………………………………………….day

…………………………………………..date………………………….
Activity ……………………………………………………project
……………………………………..
Group members………………………………………name list …………………
supervisor………….ass Eng. …………

Road activities Remarks Item paid Ksh

…………………………………………… Labour
…………………………………………… Fare
………………………………………….. Allowances
…………………………………………….
……………………………………………
………………………………………………..
……………………………………………….
………………………………………………..
………………………………………………… Total
………………………………………………
Length of road repaired ,length of road Condition of
drainages cleared tools
Others

Contents

27
ANNEX 4 CONTRACT PROCESS
Procedure of conventional contracts
Its advantage to be aware of the general procedural steps the standard process steps for
tendering an implementation of conventional contracts are outlined by the table below

STEP EXPLANATION
Prequalification This is an invitation usually in the public press for contractors
to bid for a contract. contractors may be shortlisted for an
invitation depending on their past record or criteria which the
client may prefer or have in a certain size
Interested contactors have to submit records of past
experience ,previous clients ,staff present current and future and
final capacity
Notice of the tender The contractors who meet the pre qualification requirement are
identified and listed the successful contractors receive he notice
to collect tender. the deposit will not be returned to contractors
whom fail to submit their tender
Instructions to tenders Instructions are given together with the tender documents and
may consist on how to complete the tender address and time of
submission procedures on how to submit alternative tender if
any amount of security on supplementary documents available.
Tender period The tender period is usually three months for smaller jobs the
period may be shorter clarification of the tender may be sought
during the tender meeting when the bidding documents are
issued or in writing
Tender opening Tenders have to be submitted in closed envelopes and on the
date and time specified in the instruction to tenders. the total
sum of each tender is read including the statement that the
tender bond is either in order or not

Tender evaluation The appointed engineer prepares an evaluation report. the

Winning tender
Contract implementation
following evaluations are made checking of any acceptable
reservations or conditions evaluating he work program and
construction methods evaluating the proposed equipment to be
used in compassion of tender sum with engineers estimates
Usually the lowest tender is selected a letter of acceptance is
issued to the winning tender after the client has accepted the
evaluation report after signing the contract the engineer issues
in order to start the work
The contractor carries out the work under the supervisor of the
engineer. The supervisory procedures are specified in the
constrained include among others. quality control progress
control taking of measurement preparation of payment
certificates and reporting to client

28
CONTRACT DOCUMENTS FOR CONVENTIONAL LABOUR BASED WORKS

Documents Part of contract

Instruction to tenders
Forms of Legal part of contract
tender ,qualification ,information ,letter of
acceptance agreement
Conditions of contract
Contract data and schedules
Security forms
Specifications Technical part of contract
Drawings
Bill quantities Financial of contract

29