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What Is Fabric GSM and Why It Matter When Choosing Fabric
What Is Fabric GSM and Why It Matter When Choosing Fabric
What Is Fabric GSM and Why It Matter When Choosing Fabric
fabric
Write By Arlen Wang Last Updated: October 24, 2023 No Comments
Fabric GSM is an important factor to consider when selecting fabric for your project. GSM stands for
‘Grams per Square Meter’ and is a measure of the weight of a fabric. Knowing the GSM of a fabric can
help you decide which fabric is best for your project, as it can affect the feel, drape, and durability of the
fabric. In this blog post, we’ll explore what fabric GSM is, why it matters, and how to choose the right fabric
Fabric GSM, an acronym for Grams per Square Meter, is a key metric in the textile industry that refers to
the weight of a fabric. More specifically, it measures the weight of a single square meter of fabric, making it
a reliable way to understand the density, thickness, and durability of different types of fabrics.
The GSM of a fabric is determined using a special scale. A small sample of the fabric is taken, usually, a
piece that is one meter squared, and its weight in grams is measured. This weight is the fabric’s GSM.
Typical fabric weights and uses
Fabric weights can vary significantly depending on the type of fabric and its intended use. Here’s a general
They’re often used for making summer clothing, lingerie, and delicate home décor items like
sheer curtains.
They’re used in a wide range of applications, from clothing (like coveralls, t-shirts, and dresses)
to bed linens.
These are typically thick, durable fabrics that provide warmth and are often less breathable.
They’re commonly used for winter clothing, upholstery, and other items that require a sturdy
weight and density of a fabric. Here are the general steps to measure fabric GSM:
1. Cut a Fabric Sample: Cut out a piece of fabric that’s 100 square centimeters (10cm x 10cm). This
2. Weigh the Fabric Sample: Using a highly accurate scale, weigh the fabric sample in grams.
3. Calculate the GSM: Since your sample is 100 square centimeters (which is 0.01 square meter), the
weight of this piece in grams is the same as the GSM. For example, if your sample weighs 2 grams,
This is a simplified method for obtaining a rough estimate of fabric GSM. In professional settings,
manufacturers use special GSM cutters and scales to get more accurate measurements. A GSM cutter
cuts out an exact 100 square centimeter sample, and a fabric scale provides a precise weight reading.
opacity, durability, and drape. Here’s a closer look at how GSM affects fabric:
1. Thickness: Higher GSM typically means a thicker fabric. For example, a heavy-duty denim or
upholstery fabric often has a high GSM and is thicker than a lightweight voile or chiffon fabric with a
low GSM.
2. Opacity: Fabrics with a higher GSM tend to be more opaque. Lighter fabrics with lower GSM are
3. Durability: Heavier fabrics (with higher GSM) are usually more durable and resistant to wear and
tear. They’re often used for outerwear, upholstery, or workwear, where durability is particularly
important.
4. Feel and Drape: The GSM of fabric can influence its hand feel and drape (how it hangs and flows).
Lighter fabrics usually have a softer, more fluid drape, making them suitable for items like blouses
and dresses. Heavier fabrics, due to their weight and thickness, have a more structured drape,
5. Breathability and Warmth: Lighter fabrics (with lower GSM) are generally more breathable,
making them suitable for summer clothing. In contrast, heavier fabrics are less breathable and
6. Absorbency: Higher GSM fabrics generally have better absorbency, which makes them suitable for
certain GSM ranges, which can help guide their intended use. Here’s a general guide to the typical GSM
Choosing the right fabric GSM (Grams per Square Meter) for your needs is crucial in getting the right
balance of comfort, durability, and functionality. Here are some considerations to help guide your selection:
1. Purpose of the Fabric: The intended use of the fabric is the most important factor when choosing
the right GSM. For instance, if you’re making summer clothing, you may want to choose a
lightweight fabric (below 200 GSM) like cotton or linen for their breathability. For winter clothing or
heavy-duty items, a heavier fabric (above 350 GSM) like wool or denim could be more appropriate.
2. Comfort and Feel: Lighter fabrics are generally softer and more flexible, which makes them
comfortable for clothing items. Heavier fabrics, while less flexible, can offer a more structured look
and feel, which might be suitable for upholstering furniture or creating sturdy bags.
3. Durability: If the fabric will be subjected to heavy use or rough conditions, a higher GSM fabric will
typically be more durable and long-lasting. This is particularly relevant for items like workwear,
4. Climate and Weather: The climate or weather conditions where the fabric will be used can also
influence the best GSM to choose. Lighter fabrics are suitable for hot climates as they are more
breathable, while heavier fabrics are ideal for cold climates due to their insulating properties.
5. Opacity: If you require a fabric that isn’t see-through, opt for a higher GSM. Fabrics with a low GSM
6. Care Instructions: Heavier fabrics tend to hold up better to frequent washing and use, while lighter
1. Higher GSM Equals Higher Quality: A higher GSM does indicate a denser, thicker fabric, but it
doesn’t necessarily mean the fabric is of higher quality. Quality depends on many other factors such
as the type of fiber, the weave or knit, the finish, and the overall craftsmanship.
2. GSM Determines Softness: The softness of a fabric isn’t solely determined by its GSM. While
lighter fabrics (lower GSM) often feel softer and smoother than heavier ones, the material and finish
3. GSM is the Only Important Measure: While GSM is an important factor in choosing fabric, it’s not
the only one. Other factors like the type of fiber, weave or knit, colorfastness and finish are equally
important in determining how the fabric will look, feel, and perform.
4. All Fabrics of the Same GSM are Similar: Two fabrics can have the same GSM but have very
different characteristics depending on the type of fiber used, the method of construction (knit or
woven), and the finish applied. For example, a 200 GSM cotton fabric will feel very different from a
5. GSM Reflects Fabric Thickness: While GSM can give a general idea about the thickness of a
fabric, it’s not a direct measure of thickness. GSM measures weight, not thickness; some fabrics
Conclusion
In conclusion, understanding fabric GSM — or Grams per Square Meter — is a crucial factor when
choosing fabric for different purposes. The GSM of fabric can offer valuable insights into its quality,
durability, feel, and opacity, all of which can influence its suitability for various applications, from clothing to
It’s important to remember that while a higher GSM may often indicate a denser, more durable fabric, it
doesn’t necessarily equate to better quality in every circumstance. The right balance of GSM along with
other fabric characteristics can lead to a more informed choice, ensuring that the fabric meets your specific