Republic of the Philippines

Mindanao State University at Naawan

College of Agriculture, Forestry and Environmental
Sciences
Department of Agricultural Sciences
9023 Naawan, Misamis Oriental

ANS142
Goat and Sheep Production

Name/s: Alcomendras, Mae-chie M., Rating:

Loquillano, Janah Mariz C.

Section & Laboratory Schedule: AS3-A, T-10:00am- Date Submitted:

1:00pm

Exercise No. 1

BREEDS CLASSIFICATION OF GOAT AND SHEEP SPECIES IN THE LOCALITY

I.Introduction: (make at least 1 paragraph for this exercise)

Many people define animal breeding as the selective crossing of domestic animals with desirable
characteristics to produce improved offspring. These characteristics could include milk and meat output and quality,
disease resistance, strength, fertility, and lifespan. (Chapatte, 2021). The breeding goal is usually to raise the profit
of the company, industry, or society that invests in a breeding program. (Goddard, 1998) It guarantees that
agricultural animals continue to improve with each generation. Different animal qualities are assessed, and the best
animals are selected as parent animals. In this approach, breeders supply livestock farmers with the next generation
of animals. Farm animal breeders play an important role in ensuring a healthy and sustainable food supply chain, as
well as providing citizens with a broad range of inexpensive, safe, and high-quality animal feeds. There are several
breeding techniques in animal reproduction, where mating might be based on randomization, genetic relationship,
performance, or visual appearance. (Hammack, S.P). There are two main types of breeding systems: inbreeding and
outbreeding. Inbreeding is the mating of animals that are more closely related than the average relationship within
the group. Close inbreeding involves mating between sibs or between parents and progeny to produce inbred lines
with a relatively high degree of homogeneity. (Singh, 2022).

Small ruminants, such as sheep (Ovis aries) and goats (Capra hircus), were among the first animals to be
domesticated, with historical evidence linking them to western Asia approximately 9000–12 000 years ago.
Domesticated sheep and goats provided early humans with a supply of fiber, pelt, meat, and milk (EL Walker and
MD Hudson). Goats (Capra hircus) are believed to be the second animal domesticated following the dog. It is also
believed that the first goats reached Egypt around 5000 B.C. and then spread south and west throughout Africa.
African goats could be grouped into three main families: the Dwarf goats of West and Centr-al Africa, the Savannah
goats of sub-Saharan Africa and the Nubian type goats of North Africa. The parents of the Nubia goats came from
Asia. (Kassahun A. and Solomon A.) Sheep (Ovis aries) are believed to have been among the first animals to be
domesticated, preceded by the dog and goat. The domestication of both sheep and goats probably dates back to the
pre-settled agricultural period. It is also believed that most domestication took place in western Asia where the
majority of the present day small ruminant breeds likely originated (Kassahun A. and Solomon A.).

In small ruminants, breeding is important, it is because reproductive performance is an important factor in

determining profitability in small ruminant operations. Mostly on the small ruminant production in the locality are
raised on the backyard and some are integrated with crops and fodders on which they can fed unto. We as students
who are unfamiliar of the breeds are somewhat awed to the uniqueness of the appearance of the animal. Both small
ruminants have similarity in a way that they are domesticated for the need of human may it be for livelihood, meat,
or dairy. Goats and sheep are similar animals, although they produce different things from one another in number of
ways. Here in the locality, there are more people raising goats than sheep knowing that people prefer goat farming
because they are used to it. This study provides knowledge that sheep is much profitable than goat on us humans.
Since sheep is a grazer and goat are browser which makes sheep graze on to the feed given to them. Furthermore,
sheep provide meat, wool, and skin. But then again rural people do not usually eat mutton and does not utilize wool
in such warm climate.

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II. Objectives:
1. Identify the different breeds, characteristics, origin and economic uses of small ruminants
2. Know how to classify and select small ruminant animals according to type or purpose of production

III. Methodology
List at least 5 breeds of goat (dairy breeds and meat breeds of goat) and at least 3 sheep breeds and provide the
breeds, the picture, characteristics of that goat and sheep example phenotype (color, shape of the ears, formation of
the horns and the weight) and the type/economic use either Dairy type, Meat type, Occasion, and Livelihood .

Table 1: Classes and breeds of Small ruminants

Type/Economic
Breed Image Characteristics Use/Utility
Name of the (meat, dairy,
breed Occasion,
, Scientific Livelihood)
name &
Origin

Goat

1. Indigenous -They move with ease Meat and Dairy

veld goat and can walk long
Scientific name: distances;
-They are antelope like
Origin: with longer legs; cow
hocks and sickle hocks
can occur;
-They can either graze
or browse on a wide
variety of plants,
shrubs and grasses.

2.Black bengal Typically have black Meat

goat fur, although they can
also be brown, white,
Scientific name : or gray. The Black
Capra hircus Bengal goat is small in
size but its body
Origin: structure is tight. Its
Bangladesh and horns are small and
eastern India legs are short. An adult
male goat weights
about 25 to 30 kg and
female 20 to 25 kg

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 3.Lamancha The face must be long Dairy
and straight; a curved
Scientific name: nose of the Nubian
Capra type disqualifies a
aegagrus specimen from the
hircus show ring. LaManchas
have a short and glossy
Origin: Oregon coat with numerous
colour variations and
patterns. They are
considered a docile
breed and are excellent
producers of a milk
that is high in fat and
protein.
4.American small and stocky, with Meat
pygmy heavy bone: height at
the withers is usually
Scientific name: in the range 40 to 50
Capra cm (16 to 20 in), with
aegagrus weights of the order of
hircus 25 to 40 kg (55 to 90
lb).
Origin: West
African Dwarf
group of breeds
of West Africa.

5. Anglo-nubian Anglo- Nubian goat are Meat and Dairy

Scientific name : its long, droopy ears
Capra and the long yet blunt
aegagrus nuzzle. They were first
hircus bred and maintained to
have high meat
Origin: England content, tough hide and
high, rich milk
production

Breed Type/Economic
Name of the Image Characteristics Use/Utility
breed (meat, wool,
, Scientific Occasion, and
name & Livelihood)
Origin

Sheep

1. Awassi sheep The Awassi is a robust Meat and dairy

and vigorous, medium-
Scientific name: sized sheep of milk
Ovis aries and mutton type, and
the improved dairy
Origin: it is type is larger and more
widely believed refined than the
that their ordinary Awassi.
evolution
occurred in the
region between
the rivers Tigris
and Euphrates
in Iraq and

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 Syria.

2.Chottanagpuri Small, light in weight Livelihood

Scientific name: with light grey and
Ovis aries brown colour. Ears are
small and parallel to
Origin: the head. Tail is thin
Chhotanagpur and short.
Plateau, Where
The Breed Is
Available. The
Breed Is
Maintained
Mainly By
Tribals Of
Jharkhand

3. Merino A medium-sized white Livelihood

sheep and belongs to
Scientific name: the class of fine-wool
Ovis aries sheep. The Merino
sheep owes its name to
Origin: Spain the Berber dynasty of
the Merinids. The
animals are about 1.40
m tall and weigh up to
100 kg.

IV. Questions

1. What are the most common breed that found in the locality and give at least 2 reasons and explain.

Upon conducting this activity, the students have found that in the locality the most common breeds of goat are
Native, Anglo-Nubian and La Mancha. Students deemed that the possible reason of this is its capability of adapting
to various methods of management, has a wide range of feeding preferences, and is easily adaptable to diverse sorts
of surroundings. In addition, all these breeds are utilized for their meat primarily but also for their milk. Sheep on
the other hand, natives breed of sheep prevails most in the locality due to the reason that it is adaptable, resilient and
can thrive in a tropical setting. Philippine Native Sheep primarily focuses on meat production and some backyard
raisers raises sheep simply for their livelihood and as their pet.

2. Identify the terms applied to the Small Ruminant:

Table 2. Terminologies

Goat Sheep

1.Young Kid lamb

2.Act of giving birth kidding Lambing
3.Mature male Buck Ram
4.Mature female Doe Ewe
5.Ready-to-breed female Doeling Hogget
6.Male castrated young Wether goat Whether sheep
7.Meat Chevon Mutton

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3. Determine the reproductive phenomena of each of the small ruminant species

Goat Sheep

1.Heat cycle (days) 21 days 17 days

2.Gestation period 150 days 152 days

(days/mos)

3.Length of lactation 284 days 210 days

(days/mos)

4. What production systems that they use in raising small ruminant and explain.

As what the students observed upon conducting the activity, the production system that the farmers used in
their Goat is Semi- Intensive Production System. It compromises of both intensive and extensive, Grazing is
Limited and stall-feeding of cut grass and/or tree leaves or cut and carry system is practiced. Semi-intensive
production is preferable where labor is restricted for intense production. The sheep production system, as noted, is
extensive. It allows the sheep to move freely and graze on natural grass. Extensive rearing methods are frequently
more environmentally friendly than intensive systems since they promote sustainable land usage and can help with
biodiversity conservation. Extensive rearing methods are frequently more environmentally friendly than intensive
systems since they promote sustainable land usage and can help with biodiversity conservation.

5. What Forage they feed to their (Goat and Sheep)

In a cut and carry system, the goat in the locality are usually fed with Para grass (Brachiaria mutica) and
Madre de cacao (Gliricidia sepium). Both are nutritional feed for goat which are easy to grow thus, it is available in
the locality and is utilized as a feed. The leaves of Madre de cacao serves as an excellent protein source for goat.
Whereas, Para grass is a palatable species mainly used for its high-quality forage. A fast-growing grass, that can be
grazed or used in cut-and-carry for semi-intensive type of rearing. In an extensive system of upbringing, sheep are
often fed on whatever is available in the area. Some of the grasses available in the area include Centrosema
(Centrosema pubescens), a leguminous herb with nutritional properties that are a good source of calcium,
potassium, and protein for sheep, and Para grass (Brachiaria mutica), which is known for its high productivity and
nutritional value, providing a good source of protein for sheep. Sheep can graze on para grass, which can help meet
their nutritional demands, particularly in locations where it grows abundantly.

V. Conclusion
In small ruminants, breeding is important, this is because reproductive performance is an important factor in
determining profitability in small ruminant operations. Mostly on the small ruminant production in the locality are
raised on the backyard and some are integrated with crops and fodders on which they can fed unto. We as students
who are unfamiliar of the breeds are somewhat awed to the uniqueness of the appearance of the animal. Both small
ruminants have similarity in a way that they are domesticated for the need of human may it be for livelihood, meat
or dairy.

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VI. Recommendation

VII. References:

Awassi sheep. (n.d.). Fao.org. Retrieved February 17, 2024, from https://www.fao.org/3/p8550e/P8550E01.htm

About. (2022, April 6). Indigenous Veld Goats. https://indigenousveldgoats.co.za/about/

Anglo-Nubian goats - Oklahoma state university. (2021, July 1). Okstate.edu. https://breeds.okstate.edu/goats/anglo-
nubian-goats.html
Chapatte, A.G (Sep. 2021) Animal Breeding. (n.d.). What is animal breeding and why is it important for sustainable
farming? Europa.Eu. Retrieved February 17, 2024, from https://www.europarl.europa.eu/cmsdata/239025/Animal
%20breeders%202%20-%20what%20is%20animal%20breeding-%20why%20is%20it%20important-
%20EFFAB.pdf

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Jagdish. (2014, November 26). Chottanagpuri sheep breed profile. Sheep Farm.
https://www.sheepfarm.in/chottanagpuri-sheep-breed-profile

FABRE.TP (2019). About farm animal breeding. (n.d.). Farm Animal Breeding & Reproduction TP. Retrieved
February 17, 2024, from https://www.fabretp.eu/about-farm-animal-breeding.html

Goddard, M. E. (1998). Consensus and debate in the definition of breeding objectives. Journal of Dairy Science, 81,
6–18. https://doi.org/10.3168/jds.s0022-0302(98)70150-x

Hammack, S. P. (n.d.). IV: Breeding Systems. Tamu.edu. Retrieved February 17, 2024, from
https://oaktrust.library.tamu.edu/bitstream/handle/1969.1/87850/pdf_973.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y

Singh Thakur, M. (2022). Basic Animal Breeding Methods. In S. Kukovics (Ed.), Animal Husbandry. IntechOpen
https://www.intechopen.com/chapters/81567

Wahid, H. and Rosnina, Y. (2011). HUSBANDRY OF DAIRY ANIMALS. Lactation Length.

https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/veterinary-science-and-veterinary-medicine/lactation-length

Kassahan A. and Solomon A. Breed of Sheep and Goat. Ethopia Sheep and Goats Productivity Improvement
Program.

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VIII. Documentations:

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