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IDENTIFYING REPRESENTATIVE

TEXTS from regions

BY PAOLO CABUGOY, AIRA GLODO, KATTE QUILANG, & CEDRICK RESTAURO. 11-FRANKLIN
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IDENTIFYING REPRESENTATIVE

TEXTS from regions

LUZON NORTH LUZON SOUTH LUZON

VISAYAS MINDANAO DEPARTURE

REPRESENTATIVE TEXTS OF

luzon
 THE
the WORLD
world OF
of

luzon
The largest island named after the
Tagalog word “Kalusunan”
meaning northern half.
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 the world of

luzon
Contains the biggest population
among the three island groups,
which is expected to have larger
group of works of literature.
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 Oral and Written Tradition – Epic poetry, tales, legends, chants,
and folk and war songs are common in Luzon literature. Because
of the diversity of their literature and the lack of resources to
produce written literature during the time, they relied on their
oral storytelling roots to display and pass on their literary
traditions and culture, and their historical records. However,
certain tribes and people have their way of inscribing and writing
their literature. This may be in the form of writing on paper,
slates, and even bamboo tubes.

LITERATURE
literature OF
of

luzon |1
 Themes and Motifs - Luzon literature often
features heroic-themed literature (as influenced
by their history and culture) in the form of epics,
legends, and war songs. Their literature also
highlights nature-centric themes usually related
to agriculture along with their experiences in love,
family, job, and even death.
LITERATURE
literature OF
of

luzon |1
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REPRESENTATIVE TEXTS OF

luzon northern region

 NORTH
north

luzon
A diverse portion of Luzon
blooming with culture and
mountainous terrain.
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 north

luzon
Consists of the following regions:
I (Ilocos Region), II (Cagayan
Valley), and CAR (Cordillera
Administrative Region).
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 north

luzon
Literature often focuses on human
ethics or rights, empowerment,
heroic tales, and romance.
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 north

luzon
famous authors
LEONA FLORENTINO

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LEONA FLORENTINO
ISABELO DE LOS REYES

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LEONA FLORENTINO
ISABELO DE LOS REYES
PEDRO BUCANEG

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LEONA FLORENTINO
ISABELO DE LOS REYES
PEDRO BUCANEG
EDITH TIEMPO

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LEONA FLORENTINO
ISABELO DE LOS REYES
PEDRO BUCANEG
EDITH TIEMPO
FLORENTINO HORNEDO

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LEONA FLORENTINO
ISABELO DE LOS REYES
PEDRO BUCANEG
EDITH TIEMPO
FLORENTINO HORNEDO
FERNANDO MARAMAG
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 north

luzon
poetry
Poems (mainly Ilocano literature)
are sung orally through folk and
war songs prior to the Spanish
colonial period.
north

luzonpoetry |2
 The rise of written poetry was
only during the Spanish colonial
period, poems were written and
patterned after Spanish models.
north

luzonpoetry |2
NALPAY A NAMNAMA
leona florentino
What gladness and what joy
are endowed to one who is loved
for truly there is one to share
all his sufferings and his pain.
My fate is dim, my stars so low
perhaps nothing to it can compare,
for truly I do not doubt
for presently I suffer so.
For even I did love,
the beauty whom I desired
never do I fully realize
that I am worthy of her.
Shall I curse the hour
when first I saw the light of day
would it not have been better a thousand times
I had died when I was born.
Would I want to explain
but my tongue remains powerless
for now, do I clearly see
to be spurned is my lot.
But would it be my greatest joy
to know that it is you I love,
for to you do I vow and a promise I make
it’s you alone for whom I would lay my life. |2
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REPRESENTATIVE TEXTS OF

luzon southern region

 SOUTH
south

luzon
This portion of Luzon primarily
consists of Region IV-A, IV-B, and
Region V.
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 south

luzon
famous authors
GINAW BILOG

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GINAW BILOG
OPHELIA DIMALANTA

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GINAW BILOG
OPHELIA DIMALANTA
NÉSTOR VICENTE MADALI GONZÁLEZ

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GINAW BILOG
OPHELIA DIMALANTA
NÉSTOR VICENTE MADALI GONZÁLEZ

MARS RAVELO

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GINAW BILOG
OPHELIA DIMALANTA
NÉSTOR VICENTE MADALI GONZÁLEZ

MARS RAVELO
MARIA LILIA F. REALUBIT

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GINAW BILOG
OPHELIA DIMALANTA
NÉSTOR VICENTE MADALI GONZÁLEZ

MARS RAVELO
MARIA LILIA F. REALUBIT
DR. JOSE Y. DALISAY JR.

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GINAW BILOG
OPHELIA DIMALANTA
NÉSTOR VICENTE MADALI GONZÁLEZ

MARS RAVELO
MARIA LILIA F. REALUBIT
DR. JOSE Y. DALISAY JR.
DR. JOSE RIZAL
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 south

luzon
prose
 “Legend of Lake Ticob”
retold by: Nita Umali-
Berthelsen from Tiaong,
Quezon Province.
south

luzonprose |3
 quezon province’s
THE LEGEND OF
lake ticob
In one of the lesser-known barrios of Quezon
Province in Southern Luzon, there lies a small, clear
lake. It is said that on clear days one can see the depths
of this lake and distinguish four posts. And on still
nights if one is very quiet, one may see crocodiles come
up to them and quietly sleep under the moonlight.
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 quezon province’s
THE LEGEND OF
lake ticob
Many years ago there was no water in the place. A
small house where an elderly couple lived stood on
the spot where the lake is now. Although happy in
their love for each other, the man and his wife had
one sorrow-that in their advanced age they still had
no child.
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 quezon province’s
THE LEGEND OF
lake ticob
“I dreamed I would be with a child son, a daughter.
She shall come on the ninth moon. There is only one
thing. The gods who will give us this child have
commanded that she shall never stop out of our house
or misfortune will befall us.”

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 quezon province’s
THE LEGEND OF
lake ticob
As the years passed, they saw that not only did they
have an obedient, diligent, and responsible daughter
whom they, however, always reminded never to set foot
outside their door, but they also had a beautiful child. In
time suitors came to ask for her hand, but too young to
understand what love meant, she laughed off her
admirer’s extravagant words.
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 quezon province’s
THE LEGEND OF
lake ticob
One day while her parents were in the field working on
the soil that gave them their livelihood, one of these suitors
came. He has been dared by his other friends who were quite
certain that the damsel would never consider his suit. “Why,
you can’t even make her come down from her house,” they
mocked him. Stung by their remarks, he promised that he
could do at least that.
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 quezon province’s
THE LEGEND OF
lake ticob
He found the maiden sitting by the window, finishing a piece of
embroidery on a pillowcase. When he came, she offered him a seat and
settled back to her sewing. “Can’t you leave your work for a minute?”
asked the young man, wondering at her unusual diligence. She smiled
in apology. “I cannot today. This work is expected to be finished this
afternoon. My mother will deliver it to the lady who ordered the
embroidery. She will not forgive me if she comes home with the work
unfinished.”
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 quezon province’s
THE LEGEND OF
lake ticob
After the girl finished the length of thread and was
reaching for some more, he brushed his hand against
the needle lying on the windowsill and sent the silver
of steel falling down to the ground. The girl exclaimed
in consternation and then asked the suitor to go down
and get it.
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 quezon province’s
THE LEGEND OF
lake ticob
Apparently willing, he hurriedly found the needle, reached
it up to her, and then, suddenly playful, urged her to come to
the door and reach down for it. Without thinking, the girl did
as he asked, her arm stretched out, her feet remaining inside
the door. But the man backed away, and she had to go
forward. “Come on, take a step down,” he cajoled.

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 quezon province’s
THE LEGEND OF
lake ticob
As she did so faint rumbling could be heard, and it grew louder
with every downward step she took. Too frightened to think that
it was her descent that could be the cause of the noise, the girl
hurried to the man but no sooner had her feet touched the
ground than water came rushing down, covering them and the
whole house. The parents, having heard the noise, came and they
too were enveloped by water.
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 quezon province’s
THE LEGEND OF
lake ticob
But the gods, punishing them, still gave them life and
changed the four people into crocodiles. The crocodiles in
Lake Ticob have always been tamed. But one day, just a few
years ago, a stranger who did not know that the crocodiles in
the lake were human, shot one of them. Only then did the
crocodiles turn unfriendly, and although they still do not kill
people, they no longer play with children.
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REPRESENTATIVE TEXTS OF

VISAYAS
 THE WORLD OF

VISAYAS
Visayas is the smallest island group in the
Philippines. With three regions, it is the
home of stunning beaches and landscapes,
vibrant festivals, and diverse cultural
heritage.
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 THE WORLD OF

VISAYAS
famous authors
PETER SOLIS NERY

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PETER SOLIS NERY
GRACIANO LOPEZ JAENA

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PETER SOLIS NERY
GRACIANO LOPEZ JAENA
MARCEL NAVARRA

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PETER SOLIS NERY
GRACIANO LOPEZ JAENA
MARCEL NAVARRA
DON VICENTE SOTTO

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PETER SOLIS NERY
GRACIANO LOPEZ JAENA
MARCEL NAVARRA
DON VICENTE SOTTO
ILUMINADO LUCENTE

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PETER SOLIS NERY
GRACIANO LOPEZ JAENA
MARCEL NAVARRA
DON VICENTE SOTTO
ILUMINADO LUCENTE
NORBERTO ROMUALDEZ
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 Oral Tradition – The Visayan oral tradition, which
includes epic poetry, chants, and folk songs, has
had a significant influence on Visayan written
literature. Many Visayan literary works have roots
in oral storytelling, preserving cultural narratives
and historical accounts.

LITERATURE OF

VISAYAS |4
 Themes and Motifs - Visayan literature often
features maritime culture or nature-centric
themes through centuries of interaction and
inter-migrations mainly across the seas of
Visayas. Emotions, love, and personal experiences
are also commonly explored.

LITERATURE OF

VISAYAS |4
 THE WORLD OF

VISAYAS
prose
 a cebuano folktale
The Santo Niño
of Cebu
One day a poor fisherman went out early to the sea as usual.
However, the day turned out to be a very unlucky one for him
because, every time he cast his net, all he would catch was a piece
of firewood. Thrice the fisherman threw the firewood back to the
sea; each time he pulled in his net, the same piece of firewood
would turn up. Disgusted yet fascinated by what had happened,
the fisherman took the driftwood home with him.
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 a cebuano folktale
The Santo Niño
of Cebu
When he got home, he saw his wife drying grains of rice on a
mat out in their yard. The fisherman threw the firewood on top
of the rice and muttered to himself, "If you are indeed a thing of
magic, let's see you keep the birds and the chickens away from
this drying rice." Astonishingly, no bird or fowl came near the
drying rice. When evening came, the fisherman brought the
piece of wood inside the house and forgot all about it.
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 a cebuano folktale
The Santo Niño
of Cebu
However, that very night, the fisherman had a strange dream. He
dreamed that the firewood, which he caught that morning, had
turned into a statue of a beautiful child. True enough, when he awoke
in the morning, he saw a strange transformation happening before
his eyes. The firewood had somehow taken on a form that looked like
that of a little child. As the days went by, the child's features became
clearer and clearer until at last it became the image of the Santo Niño
as we would see it today.
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REPRESENTATIVE TEXTS OF

MINDANAO
 THE WORLD OF

MINDANAO
It is the second largest island after
Luzon in the Philippines. It is also a
Muslim outpost in the predominantly
Roman Catholic Philippines.
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 THE WORLD OF

MINDANAO
Although Muslims are no
longer a majority, Islamic
culture is evident.
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 THE WORLD OF

MINDANAO
famous authors
TITA LACAMBRA-AYALA

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TITA LACAMBRA-AYALA
RICARDO M. DE UNGRIA

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TITA LACAMBRA-AYALA
RICARDO M. DE UNGRIA
AIDA RIVERA-FORD

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TITA LACAMBRA-AYALA
RICARDO M. DE UNGRIA
AIDA RIVERA-FORD
FRANCIS MACANSANTOS

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TITA LACAMBRA-AYALA
RICARDO M. DE UNGRIA
AIDA RIVERA-FORD
FRANCIS MACANSANTOS
ARTHUR P. CASANOVA

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 THE WORLD OF

MINDANAO
prose
’’Si Usman, ang Alipin” is a folklore which
was reiterated by Arthur P. Casanova.
The original author being Datu Abdul
Sampulna who is a Maguindanaon from
the city of Cotabato.
THE WORLD OF

MINDANAO prose |5
 a mindanaoan folktale
si usman
ang alipin
In a far-away land, there lived a man named
Usman. It is believed that he resided in a sultanate
and lived there as a slave. He is handsome, tall,
courageous, and has a tanned skin. Most of all, he is
an honest person with a kind heart.
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 a mindanaoan folktale
si usman
ang alipin
One day, Usman decided to visit the market where a
sultan named Zacaria is ruling there. The sultan's attitude is
as terrible as his face because of his cruelty and ugly
appearance. Because of his severe inferiority complex, he
decided that no one must look better than him or else, he
will order the execution of those people.
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 a mindanaoan folktale
si usman
ang alipin
Since Usman decided to pay a visit on that area, the guards
of the sultan saw him. The guards immediately reported this
to the sultan and as expecting his rage, the sultan ordered the
guards to imprison Usman and then kill him afterwards.
When Potre Maasita, the eldest daughter saw the prisoner
(Usman), she fell in love with him at first sight.

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 a mindanaoan folktale
si usman
ang alipin
She hurriedly went to her father to beg for his
mercy. She asked if he could be at least
compassionate to Usman and set him free. Her
pleading does not stop the sultan and even said that
no one can stop him from punishing the prisoner.
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 a mindanaoan folktale
si usman
ang alipin
She begged again for his freedom while
the sultan continued to ignore her. She gave
up and thought of ways on how to prevent
the death of the man she loved so much.

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 a mindanaoan folktale
si usman
ang alipin
She thought of ways until she creates a plan in which she
secretly sends message to the guards but all of them were
too loyal and gave those messages to the sultan. This enraged
the sultan and ordered the guards to imprison and execute
his daughter as well. In the jail, Potre Maasita and Usman
became close and because of that, their love becomes
stronger each day.
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 a mindanaoan folktale
si usman
ang alipin
After that, the day of execution came and it is the final
decision of the sultan to execute them both. But as the sultan
walked down to reach the room where the event takes place, a
sudden earthquake occurred killing him. The whole palace
was wrecked, including the cell where Potre Maasita and
Usman stays.

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 a mindanaoan folktale
si usman
ang alipin
Luckily, they got out but not until they first helped
everyone who were stuck in the palace during the
earthquake. This in turn caused all the citizens to love them.
They sang praises and thanked them for saving their lives.
After that, both of them got married and Usman became
the sultan while Potre Maasita is the sultana.

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 - -
IDENTIFYING REPRESENTATIVE

TEXTS from regions

BY PAOLO CABUGOY, AIRA GLODO, KATTE QUILANG, & CEDRICK RESTAURO. 11-FRANKLIN