Guide to Compliance for

1
Hides and Skins Supply
Chain
Component III of the "Export Promotion" project:
"IMPROVING ACCREDITATION AND APPROPRIATE ASSESSMENT CAPACITY IN MONGOLIA"
TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE

2
This Guide to Compliance in the Hides and Skins Supply Chain was devel-
oped for livestock herders, herder cooperatives, animal husbandry experts in
soum1, raw material suppliers, meat factories and tanneries, employees of
slaughterhouses and other interested parties.

This guide was prepared by the Mongolian Leather Industry Association with
inputs of the public and private sector stakeholders under the technical guid-
1 Soum is (administrative division) (сум; also spelt "soum") of Mongolian inhabited areas in Mongolia

Mongolia
2023

3
ance of the United Nations Industrial Development Organization (UNIDO).

The Guide was funded by the UNIDO’s technical assistance to improve ac-
creditation and conformity assessment capacity in Mongolia within the frame-
work of the Export Development project implemented by the Ministry of Food,
Agriculture and Light Industry (MOFALI) and financed by the World Bank.
The guidelines will reach users in two forms. It includes:

Chapter 1. Compliance Guidelines: Describes the standard requirements for

the preparation of leather raw materials and how to comply with them and how
to comply with them.

Chapter 2. Good practice recommendations: The technological activities of

leather raw materials a) primary tanning and b) quality protection are dis-

4
cussed separately.

From the discussion of the meetings held with the experts of the processing
plants, it was concluded that during the preparation of cow, horse and camel
leather, there is a lot of cutting and piercing with knives. In sheep and goat
skin, lesions caused by parasites during life are predominant.

The Constitution of Mongolia stipulates that "Mongolian animals are under the
protection of the State" and the "Animal Health" law came into force in 2018.
The purpose of this law is to protect the health of animals and animals in the
territory of Mongolia, and to protect raw materials and products of animals and
animal origin. It is planned to regulate relations related to meeting sanitary and
hygienic requirements, protecting animal health, and promoting free trade

5
 Content
Chapter 1. Compliance guidelines
Why guide to compliance is important
Collaborative organizations
Guideline usage
Requirements for the preparation of raw leather material

6
 Chapter 2.Advisory for practicing the right raw leather
The current status of the leather industry
Raw material preparation of leather
Biology and histology structure of leather
Proper practice of preventing damage to skin raw materials during it’s life
Proper practice to prevent slaughter injuries cause by skin tablets
Checklist

7
 1. Why guide to compliance is important
· The traditional method for raw material preparation hasn't been formulated
· The proper warehouse that meets standards, primary storage areas, tools, and

8
 chemicals are not ensured sufficiently in soums, regions, and provinces.
· Damages of leather raw materials derived during the animal's life, during the
slaughter, after the slaughter, and during the preservation are not diminishing.

Defects condition:
1. Defect caused by parasites derived in the leather during the lifetime of livestock
:
- In the leather of small cattle up to 80 percent
- In the leather of large cattle up to 20 percent
2. Defect derived during slaughter:
- In the leather of small cattle 20-25 percent
- In the skin of large cattle 80-90 percent
3. Defect derived after slaughter or in the initial stages of caring, during preserva-
tion and shipping:
- For both types of skins 15-20 percent
These defects are affecting the quality of leather. As such it is very crucial

9
to repair and to introduce appropriate practice.

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11
 Participating organizations
This Guideline was prepared by the researchers of MALI in partici-
pation with:
· United Nations Industrial Development Organization (UNIDO)
· Ministry of Food. Agriculture and Light Industry (MOFALI)
· Working group of the professional consultant engineers of MALI
· MALI member leather processing factories
· MALI representatives, raw material suppliers

Guideline usage

This Guideline will be used for livestock health care activities, slaugh-

12
 tering in household conditions at local regions, slaughtering in meat pro-
cessing factories, primary treating leather raw materials, preservation of
leather raw materials during its technology period, and collecting and in-
specting leather raw materials in factories.
This guideline includes 8 module lessons along with self-checking
tests and checklist.
Chapter 1.Compliance guidelines

Standard requirements for the preparation of leather raw materials

13
About 150 national standards are in place in the leather industry as
shown in the table below
Quantity

1 Technology of leather 83
2 General issues of 1
leather processing
3 Processing and support- 1
ing materials
4 Raw leather 37
5 Leather and sheepskin 11
products
6 Shoe production 10

14
7 Water quality, waste- 7
water

15
The following industry-wide standards apply to leather raw materials. It in-
cludes:

16
Leather. General requirements for skinning and skinning of animals, MNS
6870:202

It was approved by Order No. C/43 dated November 03, 2020 of the Head of Standards and
Metrology, and it was newly approved to be enforced from November 03, 2020.
This standard applies to the skinning and preparation of hides during skinning in animal skinning
factories, workshops and local areas, and includes terms, definitions, technical requirements and
categories for skinning animals manually in animal skinning workshops and factories.
Most importantly, this standard includes methods of skinning animals without skinning.

17
According to the technical requirements of this standard, a livestock slaughtering plant is a legal
entity that has the capacity to slaughter more than 20 head of cattle or more than 100 small ani-
mals per day, has complete technological equipment, has a laboratory, and is licensed by an au-
thorized organization.
Cattle slaughtering workshop means a legal entity licensed by the authorized body for slaughtering
a smaller number of animals than a cattle slaughtering plant.

Арьс шир. Малын арьс ширийг өвчих, хуулахад

Leather. General requirements to flay livestock skin.

18
 The main
standard for
leather pro-
cessing facto-
ries to check
and accept
raw materi-
als. Raw ma-
terial prepa-
ration,
Leather, Raw
leather, Tech-
nical require-
ments. MNS 0060:2013

19
This standard applies to the preparation, inspection, acceptance and trade of all types of leather
and leather raw materials.

According to the technical requirements of the standard, the classification of leather raw materials,
type of quality protection, weight and area ratio are indicated, and the procedures for removing dis-

20
eases, weighting agents, packaging, labeling, storage, transportation, and reception of leather at
the processing plant are defined.

21
22
Classification of leather raw materials

23
24
Terminology and definition of leather defects
Classification code : 59.140.0
Good practice of livestock slaughtering and
slaughter manufacturing

25
 When slaughtering in a herdsman's town, a person who has mastered tra-
ditional methods and technology shall do the slaughtering. In accordance
with clause 5.1 of MNS 0060:2013 standard, the skins of cattle, horses,
sheep and goats shall be cut lengthwise along the white veins of the fat,
and the skin of the shins up to the joint of the calf, beat it with a wooden
munah or ax, and peel off the skin of the large cattle by punching it by
hand.

In the case of centralized slaughtering, the Slaughterhouse shall do it in a

factory that meets MNS 5998:2009 standard /is equipped with stripping
equipment, has warehouses that meet the standards of MNS...has a con-
crete area for primary treating/, and is required to have good practice of
peeling the skin without scratching or cutting /very important/.
Quality protection methods for leather raw materials. MNS 5094:2013
This standard applies to quality protection for all types of leather raw materials.
Quality control refers to activities performed to prevent raw materials from spoiling.

26
Primary cleaning is the process of completely separating meat, fat residue, blood, dirt, juice, dirt,
snow, ice, etc. from the skin and leather raw materials after slaughtering and preparing them for
quality protection.

Leather treatment and preservation

· Remove the blood, pus, scum, and fat from the skin during
slaughter without damaging the skin.
Wrong Right

27
Schedule for protecting and healing from parasites

28
Арьс, ширэн түүхий эдийн /as
гэмтлийн нэр томъёо, MNS states in the
Law on live-
Description of the hide and defects.
stock health/

Түүхий эд бэлтгэл. Арьс шир. Чанарын хамгаалалт MNS 5064:2013

хийх аргууд
Preparing raw hide and skin, Methods of preservation of the
hide and skin

29
Primary treatment shall be performed in fields that meet standard re-

30
 quirements:

· According to clause 5.4 of MNS 0060:2013 standard on raw materials,

weighting parts (horns, hooves, ears, udders, tailbones, sand, dirt,
snow, ice, etc.) must be completely removed.
· Without mixing with dirt, /very important/ spread it evenly on concreted
areas or specialized storage of raw materials.
· Choose the type of further preservation /freezing, salting, drying / de-
pending on the weather conditions within 24 hours of the ripening pe-
riod.

Don’t to reveal it in a dirt area

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 5. Treatment and preservation raw materials

Remove the blood, pus, scum, and fat from the skin during
slaughter without damaging the skin.

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33
34
35
36
 According to clause 5.4 of MNS 60:2013 standard on leather raw
materials, weighting parts (horns, hooves, ears, udders, tailbones, sand,
dirt, snow, ice, etc.) must be completely removed.

Freezing method

37
38
Wet
salting

39
40
41
Dry salting

42
43
 Drying

Малын гаралтай арьс, шир ширхэгт түүхий эдийн MNS 6982:2022

агуулахын үйл ажиллагаанд тавих ерөнхий
шаардлага
General requirements for storage of leather and fifer raw
materials of animal origin

Арьс, шир, үслэг боловсруулах үйлдвэрт тавигдах MNS 5480:2005

ерөнхий шаардлага
General requirements for leather and fur processing in-
dustry

44
45
46
General requirements for the storage of leather and fiber raw materials of animal origin. Standard
MNS 6982:2022

This standard applies to the establishment of requirements for the storage of raw materials
of animal origin leather and fiber.
A warehouse of raw materials is a sanitary building equipped with special equipment and
measuring devices for long- and short-term storage of animal raw materials.
During the preparation and storage of raw materials of animal origin, the warehouse pro-
tects its main characteristics, does not pose a threat to the environment and human health,
and ensures the safety of raw materials.
The warehouse is built at a level that does not have a negative effect on human health and
prevents biological contamination by physical and chemical methods that comply with hy-
gienic requirements, and provides an opportunity to carry out disinfection procedures.
The warehouse is said to be integrated and diversified.
The warehouse is built at a distance from residential areas in accordance with the ap-
proved design and relevant building norms.

47
General requirements for leather and fur processing industries, standard MNS 5480:2005
This standard establishes general requirements for workplaces, production technology op-
erations, equipment, labor safety and human resources, and the environment of leather,
leather and fur processing plants and is applied in the leather industry.
The MNS 5480:2005 standard refers to normative documents such as hygiene norms and
rules and requirements for the planning of industrial buildings, workplace environment,
safety of industrial equipment, labeling of toxic chemicals, technical conditions for connec-
tion to the centralized water supply and sewage system. is reflected accordingly.
Chapter 2. Good practice recommendations for raw leather ma-
terial
The current status of the leather industry
The main industrial sector of our country, the light industry sector, began in 1934 with the
establishment of an industrial combine. At its peak in the 1990s, the industry was divided
into leather, wool, apparel, printing, and wood. The most developed of these was the
leather industry, and 5.5 million leather raw materials that were prepared at that time were
processed in a full cycle, together with waste, into leather products such as sheepskin

48
coats, leather coats, clothes, gloves, bags, shoes, whale glue. , artificial leather, factory
wool, etc., and exported a certain part of it to third countries.
Although the industry has been in a state of decline after privatization, since 2004, half of
the leather raw materials that were exported have been processed, and now half of the
raw materials are purchased and processed by national factories themselves. At present,
40 leather processing and wool washing factories and 100 leather product producing facto-
ries and enterprises are operating under the Mongolian Leather Industry Association.Since
2011, the "Leather Sector Revitalization Project" has been developed and the Parliament
and the Government of Mongolia issued resolutions, and since September 2014, 140 bil-
lion MNT discounted loans have been granted to leather industry enterprises. I am taking a
loan with a discount of MNT.

General structure of Mongolian leather industry

49
50
51
 АРЬС ШИРНИЙ
Ветблю
ҮЙЛДВЭРЛЭЛИЙН ТЕХНОЛОГИ
БҮТЭЭГ БҮТЭЭГ
ДЭХҮҮН Краст ДЭХҮҮН
Бэлэн
Арьс шир бүтээгдэхүүний
Савхи үйлдвэрлэл
ХЭРЭГЛЭГЧ

Химийн бохирдол Цэвэрлэх

Химийн бүхий технологийн
материал
байгууламж
хаягдал бохир ус

Халим, өөх, зах, год, шийр

Хатуу Идээлээгүй хаягдал,
Ус хаягдал хуулдас

Завод ноос

Агаарын Идээлсэн хаягдал Хаягдал

Цэвэр агаар бохирдол боловсруулах
Эсгүүрийн хаягдал үйлдвэрлэл
Улны ширний хаягдал

52
Preparation of leather raw materials
Characteristics of Mongolian animal skin. Adapted to extreme changes in nature and cli-
mate, they are fed with mother's milk from birth and live in open pastures.
1
Resource “Introduction to treatment of tannery effluents”J. Buljan and I. Kral, G. Clonfero, M. Bosnic and
F. Schmel, 2011
2
МАШҮХолбооны тооцоолсноор, 2013 он
The leather of the Mongolian breed, which feeds on grasses and grows and reproduces by
natural selection, has a rougher and rougher coat, and is considered to be of the best
quality compared to other countries due to its natural quality. With this inherent quality, our
animal skins are competitive in the world.The main advantages of pasture leather are the
characteristics of the climate and nutritious green plants. Therefore, our leather raw mate-
rials are rightly considered ecological raw materials.
However, due to negligence in animal care and breeding, wrong diseases when animals
stray, skinning, non-observance of storage and protection procedures and standards, and
finally processing with outdated technologies, the natural quality of our animal hides is de-
teriorating and we are losing huge resources.Raw material preparation system between
1970-1980. The system of preparing and receiving raw materials according to standards,

53
performing quality control, and classifying them was a large unified network established at
the level of sums, provinces, and the country. Leather raw materials coming from rural ar-
eas to the city are re-classified in a single centralized "Tavan Erdene" primary leather pro-
cessing factory, and quality control is carried out in the leather processing factories. The
skin of each insert was inserted separately.In this way, the processing of leather classified
by the same area and weight with the same technology had a good effect on the quality of
the product.Livestock and raw material injuries were relatively low because the animals
were subjected to injections and washing regularly, leather raw materials were prepared
according to standards, and quality control was carried out.Raw material preparation sys-
tem between 1990-2011. At the beginning of 1990s, the empty space of the raw materials
preparation units that were abolished was filled only by profit-seeking traders, but the sys-
tem of leather and leather raw materials preparation was lost, and the following negative
situations arose. It includes:
-In the last 20 years, the quality of raw materials has deteriorated compared to the 1980s
due to the stagnation of animal health work.

54
-In the process of processing, only 57-70% of sheep skins are damaged by ticks and 26-
40% by tattoos.
-One of the signs of the decrease in the quality of leather is the loss of leather tanning
technology, and injuries caused by cutting, slashing, and piercing with a sharp knife ac-
count for 5-8% of the skin area of cattle, 27-59% of the area of cow skin, and 60-70% of
the area of horse skin.
-Animal slaughtering and skinning by industrial methods have been reduced to manual
methods;
-Raw materials are no longer classified by grade or number;
Pursuing the number of animals, the number of old animals has started to increase.
Raw material preparation system since 2012. In accordance with the resolutions No. 74 of
2012 of the Parliament and No. 48 of 2013 of the Government of Mongolia, the work of di-
rect acceptance of skin and leather raw materials from herders, people with animals, and
cooperatives to the national leather and leather processing industries has been carried out
for 2 consecutive years in cooperation with the Ministry of Agriculture and Animal Protec-
tion Fund.

55
-It was organized to distribute the goods to the appointed representatives in the rural areas
by publishing the receipts for receiving hides and leather raw materials from the herdsmen,
people with animals and cooperatives.
-Compile and publish manuals 5 times on leather raw material preparation methods and
technologies, quality protection procedures, setting and receiving quality grade numbers,
organize and distribute on-site training to herders and appointed representatives.
-Establish working relationships with organizations such as Animal Protection Fund, State
Veterinary Hospital, Breeding Department, 21 provinces, 330 Sumad administrations, Na-
tional Veterinary Department, Veterinary Service, and appointed 1,800 representatives in
21 provinces as part of the implementation of Government Resolution No. 48 of 2013.
Working contracts have been signed with the Mongolian Leather Industry Association and
Leather Processing Industries.
Resolution No. 48 of the Government was updated and Resolution No. 394 was approved.
According to Appendix No. 2 of Resolution No. 394, 3,000 MNT per small animal hide and
15,000 MNT per bod hide are paid to "cooperative member farmers and persons with ani-
mals who ordered hides and skins to be prepared in accordance with the standards at the

56
 national leather and hide processing factory and whose animals were subjected to origin
verification" The payment of MNT incentives became an important policy measure to en-
courage livestock farmers to pay attention to the quality of their raw materials and protect
their quality, and further support the development of the industry.
2013-2020 news on leather raw material incentives
Insert table

57
58
59
In recent years, there have been some changes in the preparation of leather raw materi-
als. It depends on several factors. It includes:
Livestock population has increased dramatically in recent years
Due to the reduction of infectious and other diseases in animals, the interest of countries
to import meat from our country has increased, and meat exports have increased, espe-
cially Arab countries have started to buy a lot of veal meat.
New meat processing plants have been added in provincial centers and large cities
The most important thing is that slaughterhouses were established in Emeelt and Nalaih
areas of Ulaanbaatar city, and a lot of slaughtering began.
In the months of June, July, and August, when the animals begin to fatten, slaughtering in-
creased significantly, which affected the amount of leather preparation.
The researches of the Agricultural University and other institutions are new

60
 Арьс ширэн түүхий эдийн бэлтгэлийн
хэмжээ
Based on all of this, 30
the leather raw оноос
(2015 materialхойш)
production volume chart issued by MASU As-
sociation researchers in the 2010s has been re-reviewed, appropriate changes
22.1
have been
22.5
reflected, and the revised raw material production chart has been included since 2015.
14.5
15 12.2 11.2 12.3
10.6 10.1
7.5
1.7 2.7
1.1 0.7 0.7
0
1 сар 2 сар 3 сар 4 сар 5 сар 6 сар 7 сар 8 сар 9 сар 10 сар 11 сар 12 сар

Biology and histological structure of skin

61
The skin is an organ with a unique structure and complex system to protect the animal
body from external influences, and it is a biological structure that plays an important role in
the normal functioning of the body.

When animals and animals are alive, the skin performs the following functions. It includes:
- Protecting the body from the physical, mechanical, and chemical effects of the environ-
ment (heat, cold, dust, snow, rain, bacteria, toxins, etc.)
- Regulating body metabolism and maintaining body heat
The histological structure of the skin consists of three distinct layers. These include: top
soil, dermis or brown soil, and yellow flesh layer.

Processed hides and skins are treated with derma or brown soil, and for sheep and fur, top
soil and hair coat are treated with brown soil.

62
Animal skin is a biological structure made up of various proteins, so the technologies for
protecting its quality, processing it into tissue and products are based on its histological
structure, protein characteristics, chemical composition, and the type of leather.

63
64
65
Good practices to prevent damage to leather raw materials while the animal is still
alive
Before slaughter. Animal husbandry

Get used to keeping animals properly cared for, sterilizing and deworming in standard time

According to Article 25.5 of the Animal Health Protection Law, animals should be sterilized
and dewormed every year, and preventive measures against parasites will be imple-
mented according to the chart below.
Care of animals: To prevent animals from being hit with sticks and other objects to cause
skin wounds, wounds and injuries, and to raise them with compassion without stress.

66
67
68
 Good practice to prevent skin in-
juries during slaughter

Animal skin disease

-Animals are slaughtered under the supervision of a veteri-

narian by trained staff with
equipment. It includes:
-Must have experience in
-He must have understood
material, equal to meat,
ing it without piercing it.
appropriate knowledge and
proper handling of animals
that animal skin is a valuable raw
and learned the method of clean-

69
-To be provided with knives intended for cutting or cutting the animal's skin, and not to get
sick with sharp knives that are not intended for use
-Be fully equipped with labor protection clothing
-Cut the skin of the animal properly and cleanly without piercing it by holding it as obliquely
as possible according to the standard with a specialized knife.
-As far as possible, animals should be kept in a dedicated meat processing plant and
skinned using skinning equipment
-The diseased skin should be cleaned under the skin and removed from the weight-
weights such as blubber, blubber, tail, and ears.
The skin can be skinned without cutting by using a meat processing machine.

70
It is also
possible to
re- move the
skin of the
bod skin
without
cutting the
felt on the
leather
stripping
de- vice devel-
oped by
the UNIDO
project.

71
72
Leather stripping device by UNIDO project
3D image

Deskinning device for Bod and Bog

73
 Good practices for the prevention of
post-mortem injuries to hides
Primary processing of leather raw materials
After removing the skin, completely remove the weights (horns, hooves, hooves,
ears, hooves, udders, sand, dirt, snow, etc.) without mixing with dirt or other con-
taminants according to clause 5.6 of the MNS 60:2013 standard.
Remove the skin with the yellow flesh side up, on a flat surface table or a special
inclined bench, without damaging the soil, with a special knife.

74
When performing primary care, removal of the remains of fat, and yellow meat
and trimming can be done by hand. the leather inside out on a flat table or a spe-
cial keen bench and scrape it off with a special knife without damaging the base. It
can be obtained with a machine intended for meat processing plants.
It is essential to begin the process of cooling and preserving the skin as soon as
possible. Minor injuries caused by decay cannot be restored.
• Store covered and protected from rain and direct sunlight.
 Pr e-
vention of post-slaughter damages: 1.1 Methods of preventing damage to the skin dur-
ing preliminary preservation - Do not contaminate the hide/skin with dirt or other con-
taminants while flaying - All extra weights shall be removed in full accordance
with clause 5.4 of the MNS 0060:2013 standard - Completely cleans the blood
remains from the hide/skin during the slaughter. - Avoid cutting the hide/skin when

75
removing flesh and fat from the flesh side - After removing flesh and fat, stack hide/
skin flesh side on flesh side. Do not store cleaned hide/skin more than 1.5 hours be-
fore salting or other methods of preservation. - If some parts of the hide/skin is dry or
half-dry, hide/skin should be wiped with a towel dipped in salted water to moisten the
dried areas . Moistened hide/skin should be folded inwards(hair out) along the central
line of the spine and left for 30-40 minutes.
Preventing damage that may occur during main preservation
stage
1. Prevention of damage that may occur during freezing of the
hide/skin
- Freezing is a measure to temporarily protect wet, cleaned skin and hides from rotting by
freezing it using natural cold. When freezing the hide of the cow and horse, the
hair is facing inward, the bellies are folded to the middle, and the neck is folded inward
into the front two legs, therefore the hide shape becomes rectangular.The skin of small
animals should be frozen completely flat, and it is forbidden to freeze them in pairs.If

76
frozen hides and skins are stored for a long time, there is possibility to freeze dry them,
therefore it is forbidden to store them in open storages for too long.
2. To prevent damage that may occur during drying preservation method -It is a sim-
ple method to reduce the moisture content of the raw material by slowly evaporating it us-
ing natural heat to prevent rotting
-Dry in a special shaded the storage room, protected from the sun's rays
-Be careful not to dry them too much, for the reason that the collagen fibers of the skin
stick to each other and do not absorb moisture when needs to be processed.
3. Prevent damage that may occur during salt preservation method
- Protecting the quality of raw hide/skin by salting is a reliable method that has been
handed down for millennia.
- There are two methods of salting the raw material: by sprinkling salt on the hide/skin
or soaking it in a salt solution.
- The height of the salted hide/skin stack must not exceed 1.5 meters, and the temperature
of the storage room should not exceed +15c°C degrees. Salt consumption is 35-40 per-
cent of the wet weight of hide/skin.

77
- The first period of salt introduction is not less than 7 days for big hides and 5 days for
small skin.
- When the salt is fully penetrated into the raw material, the hide/skin becomes compact
and flexible. The dermis layer is gray-white when cut with a knife.
- Choose the right salt to use for salting, if the composition of the salt contains more than 2
percent of calcium and magnesium, it will cause damage to the flesh side of the hide/skin
(salt spots).
- If the raw material is not properly salted, salt stains may occur
- To prevent the formation of salt spots on salted hide/skin, after salting, you can spray a
10% solution of calcified soda.
- Washing off blood residue before salting the hide/skin is an easy way to prevent salt
spots from forming.
-
-

78
 -

Prevent damage during long-term storage and transportation- In order to preserve the
quality of leather raw materials without damages, it is necessary to properly organize re-
sources. A study has been conducted on the possibility of continuously supplying raw
materials to the tanneries regardless of the season. The study concluded that, it is
enough, if there is a 3-month supply of hides and 5-month stock of small skins.- If dried
hide/skin has too much moister, it cannot be stored for long period of time because

79
there is a chance that the hide/skin can be damaged by beetles and moth.- Frozen and
dried skins should be transported protected from breakage and bending.- In spring, fall
and summer, regardless of the type of preservation method used, raw materials
should be protected from rain and moister when transporting- When storing and trans-
porting hides and skins, it is necessary to use a special bench or pallet.The designated
pallet should be 1200x800 mm and 1800x800 mm. It is suitable that the bigger pallet
should hold 40-100 pieces of hides, and 150-250 pieces of small skin on the small pal-
let. The brut weight of the pallet should not be more than 2000 kg, including the skins.

80
Good Production Practices for
Animal Husbandry
A person who has mastered the tradi-
tional methods and technology for
slaughtering animals in a herder's
town will slaughter them, and when
they are sick, they will cut off the skin
from the shins lengthwise along the
white streaks of fat, and the skin will
be removed from the shins up to the joint of the calf.Малчны хотонд мал
төхөөрөхдөө уламжлалт арга, технологийг эзмшсэн хүн нядалгаа хийх
бөгөөд өвчихдөө өөхний цагаан судлыг дагуулан тууш байдлаар,
шилбэний арьсыг тагалцагны үе хүртэл яралт арьс ширийг хуулахдаа

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бодын ширийг модон муна, сүхээр цохиж, богийн арьсыг гараар нударч
хуулна.

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 In

the field, the method of skinning

the bod skin is to use an ax and not to poke the bod skin by
hand

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At the animal slaughtering plant, the skin is
peeled cleanly without cutting the skin us-
ing the skinning equipment, and after clean-
ing the blubber, remove the weights such
as the tail, ears, horns, etc.

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 Skin-
ning de-
vice for
Bod
Skinning
device for
Bog

Checklist

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Does MNS0060:2013 is the
general requirement on flaying
livestock hide and skin
Is it right to remove the blood,
pus, scum, and fat from the skin
during raw materials treatment?
Is it right to mix with dust and
dirt the raw material after
slaughter?
If answer is yes, wrong. This is stan-
dard for preparing leather raw mate-
rial. Standard on general require-
ment of flaying livestock hide and
skin MNS 6870:2020.
If answer is no, wrong. blood, pus,
scum, and fat not removed from the
hide and skin for a while, it may affect
the quality protection.
If answer is yes, wrong. Primary
treatment for leather raw material
shall be conducted at the concrete
field without mixing with dirt.
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Leather protection method is
only freezing
Cutting during slaughtering will
not affect raw material quality.
Can the leather frozen for qual-
ity protection be stored until Au-
gust and September of that
year?
If answer is yes, wrong. There are 4
methods of leather quality protection,
which are freeze, salting, dry by salt-
ing, dying. Freezing method can be
If answer is yes, wrong. Cutting will
significantly affect the quality of final
processed leather.
If answer is yes, wrong. Can be
stored not later than April and May.
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Leather raw material weighting
parts only include the hide and
skin of the neck area.
Can the preservation be con-
ducted without primary treat-
ment?
If answer is yes, wrong. Leather raw
material weights only include the skin
of the neck area. According to clause
5.4 of MNS 0060:2013 standard on
leather raw materials, weighting parts
include horns, hooves, ears, etc.
If answer is yes, wrong. Primary
treatment forms good condition for
good quality protection technology.
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When freezing raw leather to
protect its quality, can it be
frozen with the soil inside and
the hair outside?
If answer is yes, wrong. If the leather
raw materials are folded together and
frozen, the soil should be exposed
outside and the hair should inside. In
this way, it is easy for suppliers and
receivers of raw materials to deter-
mine the quality of raw materials.
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