Tribology

Science and engineering of

interactive surface in relative
motion.
 Tribology

• Tribology (origin in 1960’s)

Tribology= tribos+logos

Rub
Principle or logic
Brown’s first law of applied
Tribology

IF IT'S RUNNING
IT'S WEARING !!!
IF IT'S NOT RUNNING
IT'S PROBABLY WORN!
 Tribology

• Two bodies in relative motion .

• Results
 Friction
o Static friction
o Frictional heat, resistance against movement
(friction force), loss of energy.
Wear
o Material loss degradation of surface, decreasing
functionality.
 Examples of Tribology

• Industrial Tribology
– Machine parts/engines
• Lubrication
• Oil
• Grease
• Friction and wear
• Decreasing performance
 Wear Definition

• Most wear is an
combination of
several
mechanisms
 Wear Mechanisms

• Adhesive • Abrasive
– Low contact pressures – High contact
– Augmented asperities pressures
– Wear tracks
 Friction

• Origin of friction
– Deforming of the surface : deformation energy
– Adhesion of two bodies: non-linear adhesion
hysteresis
• Atomic adhesion model
• Van Der Waals
• Capillary forces
– Electron interactions
• Dynamic friction –static friction
 Lubrication

• Lubrication is the process, or technique

employed to reduce wear of one or both
surfaces in close proximity, and moving
relative to each another, by interposing a
substance called lubricant.
 Types of lubricants

• Liquid lubricants
– Lubrication with oil
• Cooling and removal of debris
• Protection against metal-metal contact
• Hydrodynamic lubrication
• Lowering friction=lowering energy input into the surface.
– Lubrication with grease
• Oil in wax
• Low cooling effect/no hydrodynamic lubrication
• Alternative when oil lubrication is impossible
 Types of lubricants

• Solid lubricants and self-lubricating

materials
– Plastics, PTFE, MoS2, , Graphite
 Important properties of
lubricants
• Wide range of viscosity
• Little change in viscosity with temperature
• Chemical stability
• Sufficient specific heat to carry away
frictional heat
• Low cost
• Easily available
 Bearings

• It is mechanical element that permits

relative motion between two parts such as
shaft and housing.

Ball Bearing
 Classification

• Depending on type of friction

Sliding contact bearing
Rolling contact bearing
• Depending on type of force
Radial
Thrust
 Rolling and sliding contact
bearing

Rolling contact bearing and sliding contact bearing

Radial and thrust bearing
 Rolling contact bearing

• Deep groove ball bearing

• Cylindrical roller bearing
• Angular contact bearing
• Self aligning bearing
• Taper roller bearing
• Thrust roller bearing
Rolling bearing
 Different types of bearings

Propeller bearing

Water lubricated bearing

Water lubricated polymer bearing
 Application

• Industrial Process
• Tribology in biological science
• Tribology in engines
 Industrial process

• Rolling-Sheet metal
• Wire drawing
• Tube expansion
• Deep drawing
Rolling-Sheet metal
Rolling-Sheet metal
Wire drawing
Tube expansion
Deep drawing
Tribology in biological science
 Tribology in engines

• Lubrication of engine
Lubrication of engine

Sump1
Valve train

Sump2

Piston assembly

Crank shaft
Degradation of lubricant

Piston
Piston Assembly

Sump

Sump
Piston Assembly
Extraction of Oil from Top
Piston Ring
 Solutions to tribological problem

• Trial and error method

– Material selection
– Parameter selection
– Lubricant
• Simulation method
– Selection of simulation
– Material selection
– Parameter selection
– Field data
 Conclusions

• Tribology is a multi-disciplinary science

that is based onto experience and
common sense.
• Boiler feed pumps: 49% of the failures
causing outages were because of
tribological components.
• Friction, wear and failure of tribological
components are costing industry billions of
dollars
 Reference

• www.falexint.com
• www.wikipedia.org
• lqme.sjtu.edu.cn
• www.TRIBOLOGY-ABC.com
• Design of machine elements- V.B
BHANDARI
• Fundamentals of Tribology-Basu,
Sengupta, Ahuja
Thank You

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