CHAPTER

5 Work Energy and Power

WORK DONE BY CONSTANT FORCE WORK-ENERGY THEOREM

 
W = F ⋅ S WAll = DK

Work Done by Multiple Forces 1 1

⇒ WC + WNC + WExt + WPseudo = mv f2 − mvi2
  2 2
W =Σ[ F] ⋅ S
          Law of Conservation of Mechanical Energy
W = F1 ⋅ S + F2 ⋅ S + F3 ⋅ S +  (Q ΣF = F1 + F2 + F3 +  )
If the net external force acting on a system is zero, then the
or W = W1 + W2 + W3 + … mechanical energy is conserved.
Work Done by Variable Force Kf + Uf = Ki + Ui
 
= ∫ dW
W = ∫ F ⋅ ds
POWER
™ Area under the force and displacement curve gives work
The average poiwer delivered by an agent is given by
done.
W
RELATION BETWEEN MOMENTUM AND Pavg =
t
KINETIC ENERGY   
dF ⋅ S  dS  
p2 P= =F ⋅ =F ⋅ v
=K = and P 2m K ; P linear momentum
= dt dt
2m

Potential Energy Circular Motion in Vertical Plane

U2 r2  
∫U1
− ∫ F ⋅ dr
dU =
r1

 
− ∫ F ⋅ dr =
i.e., U f − U i = − WConservative
r

Conservative Force
 dU  ∂U ˆ ∂U ˆ ∂U ˆ
F= − rˆ , F=− i− j− k
dr ∂x ∂y ∂z
EQUILIBRIUM CONDITIONS
™ Stable Equilibrium
∂U ∂F ∂2 U
F(r) =
− 0; and
= < 0; and >0 A. Condition to completge vertical circle u ≥ 5gR
∂r ∂r ∂r 2
If u = 5gR then Tension at C is equal to 0 and tension at A
™ Unstable Equilibrium
is equal to 6 mg.
∂U ∂F ∂2 U
F(r) =
− 0; therefore
= > 0; and <0 Velocity at B : vB = 3gR
∂r ∂r ∂r 2
™ Neutral Equilibrium Velocity at C : vC = gR
∂U ∂F ∂2 U mv 2
F(r) =
− 0; therefore
= 0; and
= 0
= From A to B : T = mg cos q +
∂r ∂r ∂r 2 R
 Coefficient of Restitution
relative velocity of separation
(a) e =
relative velocity of approach
v −v

\ e= 2 1
u1 − u2
(b) The value of coefficient of restitution (e) is independent of
masses and velocities of the colliding bodies. It depends on
their materials.
(c) For a perfectly elastic collision, e = 1
For a perfectly inelastic collision, e = 0
For other collisions, e lies between 0 and 1
mv 2 (d) If a body falls from a height 'h' and strikes the level ground
From B to C : T = – mg cos q with velocity V in time seconds and rebounds with velocity
R
V1 upto height h1 in time t1 seconds.
The coefficient of restitution is given by
V1 H1 t1

e=   (or) e =   (or) e =
V H t
For a perfectly elastic collision, H1 = H
For a perfectly inelastic collision, H2 = 0
For other collisions, H1 < H
For any collision, H1 cannot be greater than h
(e) A small metal sphere falls freely from a height 'H' upon a
fixed horizontal plane. If e is the coefficient of restitution,
B. Condition for pendulum motion (oscillating condition) then
u ≤ 2gR (in between A to B) (i) The height to which it rebounds after n collision is Hn
= e2n H
Velocity can be zero but T can never be zero between A and
B. (ii) The velocity with which it rebounds from the ground
mv 2 after nth collision is vn = env, where v is the velocity of
Because T is given by T = mg cos q + . the sphere just before first collision.
R
(iii) The total distance travelled by it before it stops
Collisions
 1 + e2 
(a) Collision is the interaction between two (or) more particles rebounding is d = H  
where exchange of momentum takes place.  1 − e2 
(b) In case of collisions as the impulsive force acting during (iv) The total time taken by it to come to rest is
collision is internal, the total momentum of system always 2H  1 + e 
T=  
remains conserved. g  1− e 
(c) If the velocities of the colliding particles are along the same (f) In one dimensional semi elastic (or) inelastic collisions,
line before and after the collision then the collision is said linear momentum is conserved but kinetic energy of the
to be one dimensional collision. system is not conserved.
(d) In a collision, if the motion of colliding particles before and (g) In above collisions, there is loss of kinetic energy of the
after the collision are not along the initial line of motion, system in the form of heat, sound, light etc.
then the collision is said to be oblique collision.
(h) In one dimensional semi elastic collision relative velocity
(e) In an oblique elastic collision, if m1 = m2 and m2 is initially
of seperation = e × realtive velocity of approach i.e., v2 – v1
at rest, then after the collision the two masses will move in
directions inclined at 90° to each other. = e(u1 – u2)

12 NEET (XI) Module-2 PW

 Inelastic Collisions (d) The formula for common velocity of compound body after
 
 m u +m u
(a) Formulas for final velocities in case of one dimensional perfectly inelastic collision is v = 1 1 2 2

semi elastic collision are m1 + m2

 m − em2   1+ e  (e) The loss of kinetic energy in a perfectly inelastic collision

=v1  1  u2 +   m2u2
 m1 + m2   m1 + m2 
(e = 0) is given
= by ∆Ek
1  m1m2 
[u1 − u2 ]2
 m − em1   1+ e  2  m1 + m2 
= v2  2  u2 +  m + m  m1u1
 1 m + m 2   1 2  (f) In a perfectly inelastic collision, the ratio of loss of energy
(b) Loss in Kinetic energy of the system in one dimensional of the system and its initial energy, if u2 is zero, is given by
1  m1m2  ∆Ek m2
semi elastic collision
= is ∆Ek [1 − e 2 ][u2 − u2 ]2 =
2  m1 + m2  E1 m1 + m2
(c) In one dimensional perfectly inelastic collision the two (g) In a perfectly inelastic collision, the ratio of final energy to
particles stick together after the collision and move with initial energy, of the system, if u2 is zero, is given by
common velocity. Ek m1
=
⇒ Ek < E1
E1 m1 + m2

P
W Work Energy and Power 13