New Algorithm in Difference of Two Squares

Jomar B. Siarez
Rosemarie F. Lumbayan

Western Mindanao State University

Ipil Campus

A Requirement in AS15 Math 114

Bachelor of Secondary Education major in Mathematics

December 2022

Difference of Two Squares Sum and Difference Square of a Number Consecutive Number
Consecutive Odd Consecutive Even New algorithm difference of k
 New Algorithm in Difference of Two Squares

Jomar B. Siarez
Rosemarie F. Lumbayan

Western Mindanao State University

Ipil Campus

December 2022

1. Abstract

This mathematical investigation paper was conducted by the researchers for the
purpose of investigating the difference of two squares. The reseachers presented tables
in the observation of patterns and was able to formulate an algorithm of each pattern
observed. The following were their findings: a.) the difference of the squares of the two
consecutive numbers is equal to the sum of the two numbers b.) the sum of the
consecutive even numbers is twice to the difference of their squares c.) the difference of
the squares of the two consecutive odd numbers is halves of the sum of the two
consecutive odd numbers. Thus, the researchers were able to derive three (3) equation
as an algorithm to present the patterns observed between the sum of the two numbers
and the difference of their squares, (1) for consecutive positive intergers; (𝑛𝑛 + 1)2 −
𝑛𝑛2 = (𝑛𝑛 + 1) + 𝑛𝑛, where n is the smaller number and 𝑛𝑛 + 1 is the successive number (2)
for positive integers with a difference of two (𝑛𝑛 + 2)2 − 𝑛𝑛2 = 2[𝑛𝑛 + (𝑛𝑛 + 2)], where n is
the smaller number, 𝑛𝑛 + 2 is the consecutive odd and even numbers and 2 is the
difference of the two numbers (3) for positive integers with a difference of k; (𝑛𝑛 + 𝑘𝑘)2 −
𝑘𝑘 2 = 𝑘𝑘[𝑛𝑛 + (𝑛𝑛 + 𝑘𝑘)] where n is the smaller number, 𝑛𝑛 + 𝑘𝑘 is the other number and k is
the difference of the two numbers.

Difference of Two Squares Sum and Difference Square of a Number Consecutive Number
Consecutive Odd Consecutive Even New algorithm difference of k
2. Introduction (Background of the study)

In this Mathematical Investigation, the researchers examined to find the

equations to prove the patterns involving the difference of two squares. The tables were
employed to present all of the findings to do this. We started by listing the consecutive
counting numbers from 2 to 11 and its squares. We discovered that when we added two
consecutive numbers, it would always equal to the results of the difference of its
squares. Next, the researchers examined the consecutive even numbers and their
squares, we found out that the sum of the two consecutive even numbers is twice to the
difference of the two numbers in terms of the positive integers with a difference of two.
Then, we also examined the consecutive odd numbers and their squares, the sum of
the two consecutive even numbers is twice to the difference of the two numbers in
terms of the positive integers with a difference of two. The researchers also employed
geometrical presentation of the patterns observed. Finally, from the conjectures
observed, the researchers derived new algorithm to present the proof of the general
case.

From the mathematical processes, we summarized our findings in using the following
processes below:
Process of the findings:
For the sum of two consecutive numbers and the difference of its squares
(𝑛𝑛 + 1)2 − 𝑛𝑛2 = 𝑛𝑛 + (𝑛𝑛 + 1)
wherein;
n – is the smaller number
𝑛𝑛 + 1 – is the next number

For the consecutive odd and even numbers with the difference of 2
(𝑛𝑛 + 2)2 − 𝑛𝑛2 = 2[𝑛𝑛 + (𝑛𝑛 + 2)]
wherein;
n – is the smaller number
𝑛𝑛 + 2 – is the consecutive odd or even number

From the mathematical processes, we were able to derived three equations as the new
algorithm in solving the difference of two squares:

(1) for consecutive positive intergers

(𝑛𝑛 + 1)2 − 𝑛𝑛2 = (𝑛𝑛 + 1) + 𝑛𝑛
where;
n ---- is the smaller number
𝑛𝑛 + 1 ----- is the successive number
(2) for positive integers with a difference of 2
(𝑛𝑛 + 2)2 − 𝑛𝑛2 = 2[𝑛𝑛 + (𝑛𝑛 + 2)]
where;
n -------- is the smaller number

Difference of Two Squares Sum and Difference Square of a Number Consecutive Number
Consecutive Odd Consecutive Even New algorithm difference of k
 𝑛𝑛 + 2 ------ is the consecutive odd and even numbers
(3) for positive integers with a difference of k
(𝑛𝑛 + 𝑘𝑘)2 − 𝑘𝑘 2 = 𝑘𝑘[𝑛𝑛 + (𝑛𝑛 + 𝑘𝑘)]
where;
n ----- is the smaller number
k ------- is the sum of the two numbers

3. Definition and Notation

Definition 3.1. In math, the word difference is the result of subtracting one number from
another. It refers to the difference in quantity between two numbers. In math, we get
the difference between two numbers by subtracting the subtrahend (the number being
subtracted) from the minuend (the number being subtracted from).
Definition 3.2 A sum is the result of adding two or more numbers
Definition 3.3. Consecutive numbers are numbers that follow each other continuously
in the order from the smallest to largest.
Definition 3.4. Square of the number is the result when a number has been multiplied
by itself.
Definition 3.5. The term number in the study;
- Does include negative integers.
- Does include fractions (such as 1/4 or 4/9)
- Does include decimals (such as 0.57 or 2.5)

4. Analysis and Discussion

4.1. List of the numbers from 2 to 11 and the square of the number:

Numbers Square of the Number

2 4
3 9
4 16
5 25
6 36
7 49
8 64
9 81
10 100
11 121

Upon listing the first 10 numbers and its square, the researchers found out that the sum
of the two consecutive numbers are equal to the difference of their squares. Table 4.2
shows the patterns observed.

Difference of Two Squares Sum and Difference Square of a Number Consecutive Number
Consecutive Odd Consecutive Even New algorithm difference of k
4.2 The pattern of consecutive numbers.

Sum of the two numbers Difference of the two numbers

Thus, the researchers denoted the pattern as:

(𝑛𝑛 + 1)2 − 𝑛𝑛2 = 𝑛𝑛 + 𝑛𝑛 + 1
where;
n – is the smaller number
𝑛𝑛 + 1 – is the successive number

4.3 The pattern in visual and geometrical representation in consecutive numbers.

4.4 List of numbers with a difference of 2.

Even Numbers Square of the
Number
2 4
4 16
6 36
8 64

Difference of Two Squares Sum and Difference Square of a Number Consecutive Number
Consecutive Odd Consecutive Even New algorithm difference of k
 10 100
12 144
14 196
16 256
18 324

Upon listing the consecutive even numbers and its square, the researchers found out
that the sum of the consecutive even numbers is twice to the difference of their squares.

Table. 4.4.1 List of numbers from 2-18 and the square of the number.

Sum of the two numbers Difference of the two numbers

Table. 4.4.2 Listing consecutive odd numbers and the square of the number.

Odd Numbers Square of the

Number
3 9
5 25
7 49
9 81
11 121
13 169
15 225
17 289
19 361

Upon listing the consecutive odd numbers and its square, the researchers found out
that the sum of the consecutive odd numbers is twice to the difference of their squares

Difference of Two Squares Sum and Difference Square of a Number Consecutive Number
Consecutive Odd Consecutive Even New algorithm difference of k
Table. 4.4.3 The pattern of the consecutive even numbers and the square of the
number.

Sum of the two numbers Difference of the two numbers

After investigating the pattern of the difference of the squares of the two numbers with a
difference of two or the pattern of the difference of the squares of the two consecutive
odd and even numbers, the researchers were able to derive an equation.
(𝑛𝑛 + 2)2 − 𝑛𝑛2 = 2[𝑛𝑛 + (𝑛𝑛 + 2)]
where;
n – is the smaller number
𝑛𝑛 + 2 – is the consecutive odd or even number

4.5 The pattern in visual and geometrical representation in consecutive odd and even
numbers.

4.6 From the 2 conjectures observed, the researchers assumed that when the
difference of the two numbers is k, the derived equation would be;

Difference of Two Squares Sum and Difference Square of a Number Consecutive Number
Consecutive Odd Consecutive Even New algorithm difference of k
 (𝑛𝑛 + 𝑘𝑘)2 − 𝑛𝑛2 = 𝑘𝑘[𝑛𝑛 + (𝑛𝑛 + 𝑘𝑘)]
where;
n – is the smaller number
𝑛𝑛 + 𝑘𝑘 – is the other number
𝑘𝑘 – is the difference of the two numbers

4.7 Algorithms derived from the following patterns observed.

4.9. Case to case observation from the study.

Case 1: The difference of the squares of the two numbers is equal to the sum of the two
numbers.
Case 2: The difference of the squares of the two positive integers with a difference of
two is twice the sum of the two positive integers.
Case 3: Positive integers with difference of k is the difference of any number.
Case 4:. In case number 3, the difference of the squares of the two positive integers
with a difference of k is equal to the sum of the two positive integers times the difference
of the two positive integers (k).
Case 5:. The scope of the new algorithm justified by the proof of the general case 1,2
and 3;
- Does include negative integers.
- Does include fractions (such as 1/4 or 4/9)
- Does include decimals (such as 0.57 or 2.5

Conclusions:
(1) The researchers found out in finding the sum of the two consecutive numbers
are equal to the difference of their squares.
(2) Upon listing the consecutive odd numbers and their square, the sum of the
consecutive odd numbers is twice to the difference of their squares
(3) In listing the consecutive even numbers and their square, the sum of the
consecutive even numbers is twice to the difference of their squares.
(4) For examining the conjectures observed, the researchers derived new algorithm
to present the proof of the general case
(5) There is limitation of the cases justified in the proof of the general case in which
the number includes negative, rational and decimal.

Difference of Two Squares Sum and Difference Square of a Number Consecutive Number
Consecutive Odd Consecutive Even New algorithm difference of k
 Reference
https://study.com/academy/lesson/what-does-difference-in-math-
mean.html#:~:text=In%20math%2C%20the%20word%20difference,the%20number%20
being%20subtracted%20from
https://brilliant.org/wiki/applying-the-difference-of-two-squares-identity/
https://www.inquirymaths.com/home/algebra-prompts/difference-of-two-squares-
inquiry?fbclid=IwAR1FubVmz1q4XtJSP_Jy0M21tqjkPpQKg4oSVIqJF_pawORC5SyN5
mJ9-80
https://www.splashlearn.com/math-vocabulary/number-sense/consecutive-numbers

Difference of Two Squares Sum and Difference Square of a Number Consecutive Number
Consecutive Odd Consecutive Even New algorithm difference of k