EGYPT:

Egypt (Arabic: ‫ مصر‬Miṣr [mesˁr], Egyptian Arabic pronunciation: [mɑsˤr]),

officially the Arab Republic of Egypt, is a transcontinental country spanning the
northeast corner of Africa and the Sinai Peninsula in the southwest corner of Asia.
It is bordered by the Mediterranean Sea to the north, the Gaza Strip of Palestine
and Israel to the northeast, the Red Sea to the east, Sudan to the south, and Libya
to the west.
Egypt has one of the longest histories of any country, tracing its heritage along
the Nile Delta back to the 6th–4th millennia BCE. Considered a cradle of
civilisation, Ancient Egypt saw some of the earliest developments of writing,
agriculture, urbanisation, organised religion and central government.

ANCIENT PYRAMIDS:
The Egyptian pyramids are ancient masonry structures located in Egypt. Sources cite
at least 118 identified "Egyptian" pyramids.[1][2] Approximately 80 pyramids were
built within the Kingdom of Kush, now located in the modern country of Sudan. Of
those located in modern Egypt, most were built as tombs for the country's pharaohs
and their consorts during the Old and Middle Kingdom periods
The most famous Egyptian pyramids are those found at Giza, on the outskirts of
Cairo. Several of the Giza pyramids are counted among the largest structures ever
built.[9] The Pyramid of Khufu is the largest Egyptian pyramid and the last of the
Seven Wonders of the Ancient World still in existence, despite being the oldest by
about 2,000 years.[10]

MUMMIES:
A mummy is a dead human or an animal whose soft tissues and organs have been
preserved by either intentional or accidental exposure to chemicals, extreme cold,
very low humidity, or lack of air, so that the recovered body does not decay
further if kept in cool and dry conditions. Some authorities restrict the use of
the term to bodies deliberately embalmed with chemicals, but the use of the word to
cover accidentally desiccated bodies goes back to at least the early 17th century.

SOME FAMOUS MUMMIES OF EGYPT:

Hatshepsut, Ahmose I mummy, Ramesses II, Tutankhamun mummy

MUMMIFOCATION:
The methods of embalming, or treating the dead body, that the ancient Egyptians
used is called mummification. Using special processes, the Egyptians removed all
moisture from the body, leaving only a dried form that would not easily decay. It
was important in their religion to preserve the dead body in as life-like a manner
as possible. So successful were they that today we can view the mummified body of
an Egyptian and have a good idea of what he or she looked like in life, 3,000 years
ago.

Who Was Mummified:-

After death, the pharaohs of Egypt usually were mummified and buried in elaborate
tombs. Members of the nobility and officials also often received the same
treatment, and occasionally, common people. However, the process was an expensive
one, beyond the means of many.

For religious reasons, some animals were also mummified. The sacred bulls from the
early dynasties had their own cemetery at Sakkara. Baboons, cats, birds, and
crocodiles, which also had great religious significance, were sometimes mummified,
especially in the later dynasties.
burying treasure with dead bodies:-
King Tut was buried in a coffin made of pure gold “lavished with glittering goods”.
The gilded treasures found included precious collars, inland necklaces and
bracelets, rings, amulets, a ceremonial apron, sandals, sheaths for his fingers and
toes. In those times, the royals believed in the idea of taking their wealth with
them. Tut was adorned with all such riches for his journey after life. It also
gives the idea of the Egyptian belief in resurrection.

TUTANKHAMUN:-
King Tutankhamun, also known as King Tut, was a pharaoh who ruled Egypt from 1332
to 1323 B.C. He ascended to the throne of Egypt as a child, when he was eight or
nine years old, and was guided by several key figures including Ay, the Grand
Vizier and potentially Tut’s maternal grandfather, and Horemheb, the commander-in-
chief of the military.

King Tut’s Family

Pharaoh Akhenaten, King Tut’s Father

Akhenaten, King Tut’s father reigned over Egypt for about 17 years until King Tut
took over after his death. King Akhenaten was a controversial figure in his time
for moving the capital to Amarna and revolutionizing the ancient Egyptian religion
by eliminating all the gods of the Egyptian pantheon and elevating Aten, previously
a minor god, to the role of the only and supreme god.

The decision to change the state religion was extremely controversial and not well
received by the public, and was quickly reversed after King Tut ascended to the
throne.

King Tut’s Mother

The identity of King Tut’s mother is still up for debate, but there are three
primary suspects: Kiya, Queen Nefertiti, and a figure known as the “younger lady.”
Kiya and Nefertiti were both known wives of Akhenaten during his lifetime, so it is
plausible that either of them could have been King Tut’s mother.

Additionally, an unidentified mummy of a woman was discovered inside tomb KV35

alongside the mummy of Queen Tiye, King Tut’s grandmother. DNA evidence suggests
that this unidentified mummy may have been the mother of King Tut, although this
topic is still hotly debated amongst Egyptologists.

King Tut’s Grandparents

King Tut’s paternal grandparents were King Amenhotep III and Queen Tiye. Amenhotep
III reigned during the first half of the 14th century, and he may have been one of
the most successful pharaohs in ancient Egyptian history, reigning during a period
of peace and prosperity at the height of Egyptian civilization.

ACHIEVEMENT OF TUTANKHAMUN:-
Tut’s most important achievement in life was restoring the cult of Amun-Ra and
returning Egypt to polytheism, which overturned the religious reforms of his
father, Akhenaten.