Sectional Views

(All figures shown in 3rd angle projection)

Edited and Compiled by –

Dr. Mukul Shukla

Professor, Mechanical Engg. Deptt.
MNNIT Allahabad

December 21, 2022

Courtesy - web.acd.ccac.edu/~dference/edd101/pp-chapter%207.ppt
1 Mukul Shukla
 Why Sectional Views?

Object LSV FV - Conventional

hidden line technique

• Many times the interior of an object is so complicated

that it is very difficult to represent that interior with
conventional hidden lines.
• This often causes confusion in interpreting the drawing.
• Therefore, sectioning is required in these cases.
Mukul Shukla
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 Sectioning Technique

Cut Object Uncut LSV FV – Full Section

Upper and Lower half
Symmetrical
✓ Front part (between observer and CP) is imagined to be
removed to show the interior details.

✓ The edges are represented with solid lines and the cut surface is
cross- hatched or section lined.

✓ The hidden lines have been replaced with visible solid object lines.
Mukul Shukla
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 Visualizing an Un-sectioned View
• Given object’s orthographic TV (plan) and FV
(elevation) by hidden lines.

TV

FV – Unsectioned
Right and Left half Symmetrical
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 Visualizing a Sectional View E.g. 1 1/4
•A cutting plane (CP) is imagined to pass through the object.
• Shown as CP line AA in adjacent TV (right-top fig.), not in FV.

A A

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 Visualizing a Sectional View E.g. 1 2/4
• CP line indicates where the section is actually being cut.
• Arrow direction indicates the direction of sight.
• Hatching or section lines (equi-spaced and inclined at 45°)
are applied to the surfaces in actual contact with the CP.

X X

Section X-X
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 Video 1
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0x4Mq3plkEw
(first 3.48 min and last 30 sec.)

Video 2
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Bo1DRvtpMPk

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Courtesy - https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Bo1DRvtpMPk
 Visualizing a Sectional View E.g. 2 3/4
• CP is imagined to pass through the part (figure a).
• Two halves drawn apart (figure b). Now draw FV - Full sectioned
• Since Upper & Lower half Symmetry we draw any Half section FV
• LSV = Drawn full or half cut ???

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Mukul Shukla
 Visualizing a Sectional View E.g. 2 4/4
• If FV direction is as shown in figure a.

• Draw Full Sectioned RSV

• [ or Better draw RSV – Upper / Top or Lower / Bottom half in

Section as object is Symmetrical and Unsectioned FV and TV

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Mukul Shukla
 Drawing Sectional Views 1/4
• If FV is circular as shown, and CP Line (A-A) appears with Right
to Left arrow as show then Fully Sectioned RSV is drawn.
• RSV is only sectioned and LSV is not as the right half of the FV
is imagined to be removed (as per the arrow direction).

Section A-A
Unsectioned LSV FV Full Section RSV
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 Drawing Sectional Views 2/4
• CP line is drawn in adjacent view NOT in sectional view

X X

X X

Section X-X
Section X-X 12 Mukul Shukla
 Drawing Sectional Views 3/4

• CP line is

drawn in

adjacent

view NOT in

sectional

view

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 Drawing Sectional Views 4/4
• Correct and incorrect relations between cutting-plane lines
and corresponding section views.

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 Half Section Views
• If CP passes halfway through an object, we get a half section (fig. a)
• Advantage - Shows interior of one half of the SYMMETRIC object
and exterior of other half (fig. b). WORK REDUCED TO HALF…..
• Note the CP Line. Only one arrowhead is used to show the
direction of sight.
• Hidden lines should be omitted from both halves of a half section
view. Draw center line to separate the two halves.

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Courtesy - https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Bo1DRvtpMPk

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Comparison of Un, Full and Half Sectioned Views

Courtesy - https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Bo1DRvtpMPk 17
 1) Gland - Sectional Views
Given FV – LHS, LSV – RHS (TV / RSV Unsectioned)

Try to draw (reverse) –

1) FV – RHS,

2) RSV – LHS and

3) TV + LSV Unsec.

4) Show half section

CP line AB in TV

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Mukul Shukla
 2) Belt Pulley - Sectional Views
Given FV – THS, TV – BHS (RSV/LSV Unsectioned)
(T = Top and B = Bottom)

Try to draw (reverse) –

1) FV – BHS,

2) BV – BHS and

3) TV+RSV+LSV Unsec.

4) Show CP line AB in BV

19 Mukul Shukla
 3) Slide Valve - Sectional Views
Given FV – LHS, LSV – RHS (TV / RSV Unsectioned)

Try to draw (reverse) –

1) FV – RHS,

2) RSV – LHS and

3) TV + LSV Unsec.

4) Show half section

CP line AB in TV

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Mukul Shukla
Types of Sectional Views (T = Top and B = Bottom)
1. If only FV – Full Section, Hence SVs & TV – Unsectioned
2. If FV - LHS Then LSV (RHS) and TV + RSV – Unsectioned
3. If FV - RHS Then RSV (LHS) and TV + LSV – Unsectioned
4. If FV - THS Then TV (BHS) and LSV + RSV – Unsectioned
5. If FV - BHS Then TV + LSV + RSV – Unsectioned But BV -
BHS
6. If RSV – Full section Then FV + TV + LSV – Unsectioned
7. If LSV – Full section Then FV + TV + RSV – Unsectioned
8. Similarly, explore more types of SVs [Like 4 and 5 above]
9. Top / Plan view (Unsectioned mostly) and FV & SVs sectioned
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 Sectional Views – Common mistakes
• The correct front view [fig. (a)] and Full sectional RSV [fig. (b)] are
shown. All visible edges and surfaces behind the CP must be shown.
• Sectioned area MUST BE always completely bounded (fig. (c)) by a
visible outline, and never by a hidden line as shown in (fig. (e)).
• Rule – All hidden lines must be omitted in section views (fig. (d))
• Section lines in a section view must be parallel and at the same
angle and direction (fig. (f)).

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 Sectioning or Hatching Patterns
• Different
hatching
patterns
(AutoCAD
Command –
Hatch) are
used for specific
materials types.
• As there are
many types of
materials the
general purpose
cast iron
symbol (fig. 1)
can be used for
all materials.
23 Mukul Shukla
 Drawing Sectional lines correctly 1/2
• The correct method of drawing section lines is shown in fig. (a).

• Section lines are drawn thin and at an angle of 45° (usually)

• Section lines are spaced evenly depending on the size of the

sectioned area.

• See figs. b-f for some incorrect sectioning.

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 Drawing Sectional lines correctly 2/2

• If section lines drawn at 45 degrees would result in

being parallel or perpendicular to a visible object line
the angle should be changed to 30 degrees, 60
degrees, or some other angle.

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Mukul Shukla
 Section Line Types
1. CP line [figure (a)] has equal dashes.
2. CP line in figure (b) is composed of alternate long dashes
and pairs of short dashes plus arrowheads indicating
the direction of sight.
3. For AutoCAD drawings use the line type PHANTOM2
4. Cutting-plane lines are drawn as thick as a visible object
line or thicker (at the two ends and bends).

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Mukul Shukla
 Points to remember
1.Shafts, nut-bolts, holes, ribs, washers are not sectioned
2.Always look for symmetry, avoiding double effort.
3.If larger areas to be sectioned (and short of time), save
on time by sectioning only near the outlines.

4.Section lines are drawn at an angle of 45° unless there is a

need of using a different angle [say -45° or 30° or 60°] (e.g.
an assembly of multiple parts of same material).

5.We can also draw different line thicknesses or spacing

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Mukul Shukla
 References

1. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0x4Mq3plkEw
(See first 3.48 min and last 30 sec.)
2. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Bo1DRvtpMPk
3. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4PyKeFGjHOE&t=1027s
(Detailed Machine Drawing)
4. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HRl4X439PHo
5. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=96M-pEPENiU

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Mukul Shukla
 Thank you…

Contact – mukulshukla@mnnit.ac.in

Mukul Shukla