CHAPTER 1

Chapter Test
1. Explain the different methods how you can obtain data.
 Data are referred to gathered information using non-experimental and
experimental research that is used to solve or provide a solution to a
problem. Each methods contains various advantages and disadvantages, to
which are unique to answering a problem.
 Under non-experimental is Survey which uses interviews, questionnaires,
and sampling polls to get a sense of behavior with intense precision and
observation. Experimental, on the other hand, is guided by a hypothesis;
helps explain a phenomenon through ways of gathering precise empirical
data to gain a better understanding of a problem. An example includes
laboratory works and examining the effects of a problem to a specific
sample.
2. As one of the students of EDA class, you are tasked to conduct a survey to show
which extracurricular activities the students from the College of Engineering,
Architecture and Fine Arts would like to engage in during the first semester. Follow
the presented steps in conducting a survey.
 Determine the objective of the survey: Identifying which extracurricular
activities the student prefers.
 Identify the target population sample: 100 Students of Engineering,
Architecture, and Fine arts. Employing convenience and purposive sampling.
 Interviewing Method: Internet Survey
 Questioning: Using a Likert scale, given an extracurricular activity, a
respondent will be able to rate an activity according to their preference.
 Conducting the Online Survey: Using an online platform for respondents to
respond (Google Forms). Disseminating the link of the survey to community
group chats or messaging respondents that belong to that program.
 Analyzing Results: Using statistical techniques to treat data i.e., ANOVA,
Pearson, and graphical representation of the results to extract and interpret
data and make a conclusion out of the gathered data.
CHAPTER 2:

1. Three events are shown on the Venn diagram in the

following figure:

a. A’

b. A ꓵ B

c. (A ꓵ B)∪ C

d. (B ∪ C)’
 e. (A ꓵ B)’ ∪ C

2. Each of the possible five outcomes of a random experiment is equally likely. The
sample space is {a, b, c, d, e}. Let A denote the event {a, b}, and let B denote the
event {c, d, e}. Determine the following:
a. P(A) = {a,b}
b. P(B) = {c, d, e}
c. P(A’) = {c, d, e}
d. P(A ∪ B) = {a, b, c, d, e}
e. P(A ꓵ B) = {∅}
3. If A, B, and C are mutually exclusive events with P (A) = 0.2, P(B) = 0.3, and P(C) =
0.4, determine the following probabilities:
a. P(A ∪ B ∪ C) = 0.2 + 0.3 + 0.4 = 0.9
b. P(A ꓵ B ꓵ C) = 0.2[(0.3)(0.4)] = 0.024
c. P(A ꓵ B) = 0.2(0.3) = 0.06
d. P[(A ∪ B) ꓵ C] = [(0.2 + 0.3)(0.4)] = 0.2
e. P(A’ ꓵ B’ ꓵ C’)
P(A’) = 1 – 0.2 = 0.8
P(B’) = 1 – 0.3 = 0.7
P(C’) = 1 – 0.4 = 0.6
P(A’ ꓵ B’ ꓵ C’) = 0
4. A lot of 100 semiconductor chips contains 20 that are defective. Two are selected
randomly, without replacement, from the lot.
a. What is the probability that the first one selected is defective?
20 defective chips
P ( D 1 )= =0.2=20 %
100 semiconductor chips
b. What is the probability that the second one selected is defective given that
the first one was defective?
19
P ( D 2 )= =0.19=19.19 %
99
c. What is the probability that both are defective?
P ( D1 ꓵ D2 ) =0.19 ( 0.2 )=0.038=3.8
 d. How does the answer to part (b) change if chips selected were replaced prior
to the next selection?
20
P ( D2 )= =0.2=20 %
100
5. Suppose 2% of cotton fabric rolls and 3% of nylon fabric rolls contain flaws. Of the
rolls used by a manufacturer, 70% are cotton and 30% are nylon. What is the
probability that a randomly selected roll used by the manufacturer contains flaws?
P ( C o )=0.7 → P ( C 'o )=1−0.7=0.3
P ( N y )=0.3 → P ( N 'y ) =1−0.3=0.7
P ( F ) =P ( F C ) × P ( C O ) + P ( F N ) × P ( N y )=0.02 ( 0.7 )+ ( 0.03 ) ( 0.3 )
o y

P ( F ) =0.023=2.3 %