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Welcome page | LITERASI ENGLISH 05

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The process of photosynthesis produces more than just sugar, however. One byproduct of the
process is oxygen, which is “exhaled” by the plant into the atmosphere. In fact, plant photosynthesis
is one of the primary sources of oxygen generation on our planet, making plant life essential to
almost all living things on earth.

The underlined word essential, most nearly means ... .

necessary (penting)
optional (pilihan)
fragrant (harum)
growing (bertumbuh)

Abraham Lincoln served as the 16th President of the United States, yet he never went to college. In
fact, Lincoln had nearly no formal education whatsoever, attending schools for less than a year
throughout his childhood. Yet this should not be construed to mean that Lincoln was ignorant or
unlearned; on the contrary, he was one of the most well-read leaders of the time. The fact is that
Abraham Lincoln educated himself by studying books of religion, philosophy, and literature, and he
continued his voracious reading throughout his life.
The underlined word construed, most nearly means ... .
tormented (menyiksa/mempersekusi)
taken apart (ambil bagian)
uncrewed (melepaskan)
interpreted (diinterpretasikan)

Foods that are rich in carbohydrates, like breads, cereals, fruits, and vegetables, break down into
glucose during digestion, causing blood glucose to rise. Additionally, studies have shown that
cooked foods raise blood glucose higher than raw, unpeeled foods. A doctor or nutritionist should
always be consulted for more of this kind of information and for help in planning a diet to offset the
effects of this form of diabetes.

What is the closest meaning of the underlined word offset in the final sentence of the passage?

counteract (menetralkan)
cure (menyembuhkan)
soothe (menenangkan)
erase (menghapus)

The atmosphere forms a gaseous, protective envelope around Earth. It protects the planet from the
cold of space, from harmful ultraviolet light, and from all but the largest meteors. After traveling
over 93 million miles, solar energy strikes the atmosphere and Earth’s surface, warming the planet
and creating what is known as the biosphere, the region of Earth capable of sustaining life. Solar
radiation in combination with the planet’s rotation causes the atmosphere to circulate. Atmospheric
circulation is one important reason that life on Earth can exist at higher latitudes because
equatorial heat is transported poleward, moderating the climate.

Which of the following is the best definition of the underlined word biosphere as it is used in the
passage?

the protective envelope formed by the atmosphere around the living earth
that part of the earth and its atmosphere in which life can exist
the living things on Earth whose existence is made possible by circulation of the
atmosphere
the circulation of the atmosphere’s contribution to life on Earth

In England, builder William Willett (1857–1915) became a strong supporter for Daylight Saving
Time upon noticing blinds of many houses were closed on an early sunny morning. Willet believed
everyone, including himself, would appreciate longer hours of light in the evenings. In 1909, Sir
Robert Pearce introduced a bill in the House of Commons to make it obligatory to adjust the clocks.
A bill was drafted and introduced into Parliament several times but met with great opposition,
mostly from farmers. Eventually, in 1925, it was decided that summer time should begin on the day
following the third Saturday in April and close after the first Saturday in October.
As it is used in this paragraph, the word obligatory most nearly means ... .
approved (disetujui)
sparse (jarang)
aberrant (menyimpang)
requisite (prasyarat/kebutuhan/pentingnya)

In 1893, Milton attended the Chicago International Exposition, where he saw a display of German
chocolate-making implements. Captivated by the equipment, he purchased it for his Lancaster
candy factory and began producing chocolate, which he used for coating his caramels. By the next
year, production had grown to include cocoa, sweet chocolate, and baking chocolate. The Hershey
Chocolate company was born in 1894 as a subsidiary of the Lancaster Caramel Company. Six years
later, Milton sold the caramel company, but retained the rights, and the equipment, to make
chocolate. He believed that a large market of chocolate consumers was waiting for someone to
produce reasonably priced candy. He was right.

Which of the following best defines the word subsidiary as used in this paragraph?

a company owned entirely by one person

a company founded to support another company
a company that is not incorporated
a company controlled by another company

Ten years later, James Starley, an English inventor, made several innovations that revolutionized
bicycle design. He made the front wheel many times larger than the back wheel, put a gear on the
pedals to make the bicycle more efficient, and lightened the wheels by using wire spokes. Although
this bicycle was much lighter and less tiring to ride, it was still clumsy, extremely top-heavy, and
ridden mostly for entertainment.

As it is used in the sentence, the underlined word revolutionized most nearly means ... .

cancelled (dibatalkan)
changed drastically
became outdated
exercised control over
The word "detectable" has the closest meaning to ... .

assumed (diasumsikan)
known (diketahui)
perceptible (dipersepsikan)
audible (terdengar)

The word "distinctions" could be best replaced with ... .

similarities (persamaan)
experiences (pengalaman)
imaginations (khayalan)
differences (perbedaan)
 The word "applications" means ...

uses
jobs
creativity
layers

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