PERSONS AND FAMILY RELATIONS

Prof. Sylvie Blanche F Tandog

First Semester, AY 2020-2021
Based on the Syllabus of Professor Elizabeth Aguiling-Pangalangan

Reference Books:
 THE CIVIL CODE OF THE PHILIPPINES
 PERSONS AND FAMILY RELATIONS LAW
 Paras, Vol. 1, Civil Code of the Philippines

COURSE OUTLINE AND SYLLABUS OF READINGS

I. Introduction to Civil Law

A. Preliminary Provisions
Articles 1-18, New Civil Code (NCC)

Laws:
EO 200 (1987)
Articles 44, 213, Family Code
Articles 804, 818, Civil Code
Revised Administrative Code of 1987, Sec. 31
E.O 292, Book 1, Sec. 31
Magna Carta of Women, Sec.19

Cases:
Article 2- Tanada v. Tuvera, G.R. 63915, April 24, 1985
Article 4 – Buyco v. PNB, G.R.L. – 14406, June 30, 1961
Article 6- RB Michael Press v. Galit, G.R. 153510, Feb. 13, 2008
Article 7- Spouses Puerto v. Court of Appeals, G.R 138210, June 6, 2002
Article 15- Dacasin v. Dacasin, G.R No. 168785, Feb 5, 2010
Article 16 – Ancheta v. Guersey-Dalygon, G.R. 139868, June 8, 2006

II. Intersection of Modern Constitutional and Traditional Family Law

A. Legal Framework
1.
Sec. 12 & 14. Art II
Sec. 1 Art. III
Art XV

2. Overview of Due Process and Equal Protection

Cases:
Griswold v. Connecticut, 381 U.S 479
Eisenstadt v. Baird, 405 U.S 438

III. Civil Personality

A. Concept and Classes of Persons.

Arts. 37, 40-47, New Civil Code
Rule 131, Section 3 (iii), Rules of Court
PD 603, Art 5
 Cases:
Geluz v. CA, 2 SCRA 801 (1961)
People v. Tirol, 102 SCRA 558 (1981)
Limjoco v. Intestate Estate of Fragante, 80 Phil 776
Joaquin v. Navarro, 93 Phil 257 (1953)

B. Capacity of Act and Restrictions Thereon

1. Presumption of Capacity
Standard Oil Co. v. Arenas, 19 Phil 363 (1911)

2. Restrictions
Arts. 6, 38-39, New Civil Code

a. Minority
RA 6809

i. Effect of Contracts
Arts. 1327, 1390 (1), 1403 (3), 1397, 1399, 1426-27, 1489,
Civil Code

Cases:
Mercado v. Espiritu, 37 Phil. 215 (1917)
Bambalan v. Maramba, 51 Phil. 417
Braganza v. Villa Abrille 105 Phil. 456 (1959)

ii. Effect on Marriage

Art. 5 and 35, Family Code

iii. Effect on Crimes

RA 9344, Sections 6,7, 20, 57, 58 59

b. Insanity

i. Effect on Contracts
Arts. 1327, 1328, 1399, NCC
ii. Effect on Crimes
Art. 12 (1), RPC
iii. Effect on Crimes
Art. 45 (2) and 47(2), FC

c. State of being deaf-mute

Arts. 1327, 807, 820, NCC

d. Prodigality
Rules 92 Sec. 2, Rules of Court
Case: Martinez v. Martine, 1 Phil. 182 (1902)

e. Civil Interdiction
Art. 34, RPC
Arts. 135 (1), 142(3), FC

f. Family Relations
Art. 11(2), 13(5), Revised Penal Code
Arts. 1109 & 1490, NCC
Arts. 37, 87, 215, FC
 g. Absence
Arts. 390-391, NCC
Art. 41-42, FC
Case:
Tadeo-Matias v. Republic, G.R. No. 230751, April 2018

IV. Pre- Marital Controversy

A. Breach of Promise to Marry-
Arts. 19-21, 2176 Civil Code

Cases:
Wassmer v. Velez, 12 SCRA 648 (1964)
Tanjanco v. CA,18 SCRA 994 (1966)
De Jesus v. Syquia, 58 Phil. 866 (1933)
Piccininni v. Hajus. 180 Conn. 369, 429 A.2d. 886 (1980)
(June 1985)

Reading “Heartbalm Statutes and Deceit Actions”

Vol. 83, No.7

V. Definition of Nature of Marriage

Art. 1 Family Code (FC)
Sec. 1-4, Art. XV, 1987 Constitution

Cases:
Loving v. Virginia, 388 US 1, 12 (1967)
Zablocki v. Redhail, 434 US 374, 384 (1978)

A. Marriage Models

1. Traditional Marriage
Cases:
Graham v. Graham, 33 F. Supp. 936 (1940)

2. Challenges to the Traditional Marriage Model

Cases:
a. The Changing Status of Women
Dunn v. Palermo, 522 S.W. 2d 679 (1975)

b. By Private Contact: When Valid? When Void?

In Re Santiago, 70 Phil 66 (1940)
Selanova v. Mendza, 64 SCRA 69 (1975)

B. Requisites if Marriage
Arts 2-3, Family Code
Arts 16-18 Code of Muslim Personal Laws
Sec. 22, Art. II; Sec. 17, Art XIV 1987 Constitution
Sec. 2(c), 29, 32, RA 8371 (The Indigenous Peoples Rights Act of 1997)

1. Essential Requisites

a. Legal Capacity

i. Male and Female

Rule 103, Rules of Court
 Rule 108, Rules of Court
Compare with: Sections 2 to 7, RA 9048

Cases:
Jones v. Hallahan 501 S.W. 2d 588 (1973)
Goodridge v. Department of Public Health, 440 Mass,309 (2003)
United States v. Windsr, 570 US (2013)
Silverio v. Republic, 537 SCRA 373 (2007)
Littleton v. Prange, 9 S.W. 3d 223 (1999)
In re Estate of Thomas Trevino Araquz III, No. 13-11-00-490-CV
(2014)

ii. Minimum Age of Marriage

Eigenmann v. Guerra, 5 C.A. Rep 836 (1964)

b. Consent Freely Given

Arts. 4, 45(3) Family Code

Cases:
People v. Santiago 51 Phil 68 (1927)
Wassmer v. Velez, 12 SCRA 648 (1964)
De Jesus v. Syquia, 58 Phil. 866 (1933)

2. Formal Requisites
Art 26, Family Code
Art. 17, Civil Code

a. Authority of Solemnizing Officer

Arts. 4, 7, 8, 10, 31, 32, 35(2), Family Code
Art. 3, Civil Code

Cases:
Navarro v. Domagtoy, 259 SCRA 129 (1996)
Aranes v. Occiano, 380 SCRA 402 (2002)
Palma v. Judge Omelio, A.M No. RTJ-10-2223, August 30, 2017
Keuppers v. Judge Murcia, AM No. MTJ 15-1860, April 3, 2018

b. Marriage License
Arts. 9-34 Family Code;
PD 965 (1976)446
Sec. 15, Sec. 23(d), RA 10354 (RH Law)

Cases:
Imbong v. Ochoa, G.R. No. 204819 (2014)
Republic v. CA, 236 SCRA 257 (1994)
Sevilla v. Cardenas, 497 SCRA 428 (2006)
Alcantara v. Alcantara 531 SCRA 446 (2007)
Seguisabal v. Cabrera 106 SCRA 670 (1981)
Moreno v. Bernabe, 246 SCRA 120 (1995)
De Castro v. Assidao-de Castro, G. R. No. 160172 (2008)
Borja-Manzano v. Sanchez, 354 SCRA 1 (2001)

c. Ceremony
Arts. 3,6,8,28,29, 22-24

Cases:
Navarro v. Domagtay, supra
 Madridejo v. de Leon, 55 Phil. 1 (1930)
Martinez v. Tan, 12 Phil. 731 (1909)

C. Muslim Filipinos and Indigenous Cultural Communities

Sec. 13, Code of Muslim Personal Laws
Sec. 32, RA 8271

D. Presumption of Marriage
Art. 220 Civil Code
Section 3 (aa), Rule 131 of Rules of Court

Case:
People v. Borromeo, 133 SCRA 106 (1984)
Trinidad v. CA, 289 SCRA 188 (1998)
Vda. De Jacob v. CA, 312 SCRA 772 (1999)
Sevilla v. Cardenas, supra
Abbas v. Abbas, G.R No. 183896 (2013)

VI. Void and Voidable Marriages

A. Void Marriages

1. Grounds
a. Grounds under the Family Code
Arts. 4, 35-41, 44, Family Ode
Arts. 390-391, CC

Case:
Antone v. Beronilla, GR No. 183824 (2010)

b. Incestuous Marriages and Marriages Violating Public Policy

Arts. 37-38, Family Code

Case:
Matter of Baustista: In Visa Petition Proceedings (September 12,
1978)

c. Art. 36 (Read annotation in Sempio-Diy, Handbook on the Family

Code of the Philippines)

Cases:
Republic v. Dagdag, G.R. No. 109975 (2001)
Santos v. Bedia_Santos 310 Phil 20 (19950
Rep. v. CA and Molina, 268 SCRA 676 (2006)
Dimayuga-Laurena V. CA, 566 SCRA 154 (2008)
Te v. TE, 579 SCR 193 (2009)
Ting v. Velez-Ting, 582 SCRA 694 (2009)
Tsoi v. CA, 266 SCRA 324 (1997)
Choa v. Cha 392 SCRA 641 (2002)
Suazo v. Suazo, 615 SCRA 154 (2010)
Marable v. Marable, GR 178741 (2011)
Mendoza v. Republic , GR 157649 (2012)
Tan-Andal vs Andal, GR 196359 (2021)

**Student Report on Personality Disorder

 2. Period to file action or raise defense
Art. 39. FC
RA 8533
Cases:
Ninal v. Baldayog, G.R No. 133778 (2000)
Ablaza v. Republic of the Philippines, 628 SCRA 596 (2010)

3. Final Judgment declaring the marriage void

People v. Mendoza, 95 Phil. 845 (1954)
Tolentino v. Paras, 122 SCRA 525 (1983)
Wiegel v. Sempio-Diy, 143 SCRA 499 (1986)
Terre v. Terre, 211 SCRA 6 (1992)
Atienza v. Brillantes, 243 SCRA 32 (1995)
Apiag v. Cantero 268 SCRA 47 (1997)

4. Effects of Nullity
Arts. 43-44, 50-54
a. Properties
Domingo v. CA, 226 SCRA 572 (1993)
Nicdao-Carino v. Yee- Carino, G.R. No. 132529 (2001)
Dino v, Dino, GR 178044 (2011)

b. Status of Children
Arts. 54, 43, Family Code

B. Voidable Marriages
1. Grounds for Annulment
Arts. 45-48, Family Code
Art. 344, RPC
PD 612, Sec 11 (Insurance Code)

a. Lack of Parental Consent

Case:
Moe v. Dinkins, 533 F. supp. 623

b. Insanity
Cases:
Katipunan v. Tenorio, 38 O.G. 172 (1937)
Suntay v. Cojuangco-Suntay, 300 SCRA 760 (1998)

c. Consent Obtained by Fraud

Buccat v. Buccat, G.R No. 47101 (1941)
Aquino v. Delizo, 109 Phil 21 (1960)
Anaya v. Palaroan, 36 SCRA 97 (1970)
Teves v. Comelec, G.R No. 180363 (2009)

d. Violence, Intimidation or Undue Influence

Art. 1335, 1337 NCC
Ruiz v. Atienza, 40 O.G 1903 (1941)

e. Impotence
Sarao v. Guevera, 40 O.G. 15 Supp. 263 (1940)
Jimenez v. Republic, 10 Phil. 273 (1960)
Tsoi v. CA, supra

f. Having a Sexually Transmissible Disease

2. Marriage When One Spouse is Absent
 Art.41-44, Family Code
Art. 349, RPC

Case:
Jones v. Hortiguela, 64 Phil. 179 (1937)
SSS v. Jarque, G.R No. 165545, March 24, 2006
Valdez v. Republic, GR. No 189863, September 8, 2009
Republic v. Granada, GR 187512 (2012)
Republic v. Catubag, GR. No. 210580 April 18, 2018

3. Effects of pending action/decree

Art. 49-54, Family Code
Art. 369, 371, Civil Code
Sec. 4, Rules on Provisional Orders, A.M No. 02-11-12-SC, March 15,
2003

4. Jurisdiction
Sec. 5, Republic Act 8369

Case: Tomano v. Ortiz, 291 SCRA 584 (1998)

VII. Legal Separation

A. Grounds
Art. 55, Family Code, Art. 97, Civil Code

Cases:
Munoz v. del Barrio, 51 OG 5217 (1955)
Ong Eng Kiam v. Ong, 505 SCRA 76 (2006)
People v. Zapata and Bondoc, 88 Phil 688 (1951)
Gandionco v. Peneranda, 155 SCRA 725 (1987)
Dela Cruz v. Dela Cruz, 22 SCRA 333 (1968)
Lapuz v. Eufemio, 43 SCRA 177 (1972)

B. Defenses
Art. 56, FC

Cases:
Willian v. Willian, 2 A11 E.R 463 (1960)
Ocampo v.Florenciano, 107 Phi 35 (1960)
Bugayong v. Ginez, 100 Phil. 616 (1956)
Matubis v. Praxedes, 109 Phil. 789 (1960)
People v. Sensano and Ramos, 58 Phil. 73 (1933)
Sargent v. Sargent, 114 A. 428 (1920)
Brown v. Yambao, 102 Phil. 168 (1957)

C. Prescription
Arts. 57-60 FC

D. When to Try Actions

A.M No. 02-22-11-SC, March 15, 2003
A.M. NO. 11-1-6-SC PHILJA, January 11, 2011

Cases:
Somosa-Ramos v. Varmenta, Jr, 46 SCRA 110 (1972)
 Ocampo v. Florenciano, supra

E. Effects of Filing of Petition

Arts. 61-62 Family Code

Cases:
De La Vina v. Villareal, 41 Phil 13 (1920)
Reyes v. Iners-Luciano, 88 SCRA 803 (1979)
Gandionco v. Peñaranda, supra

F. Effects of Decree
Arts. 63, 64 Family Code
Secs. 19-20, SC Rules on Legal Separation, A.M No. 02-11-11-SC,
March 15, 2003

Cases:
Banez v. Banes 374 SCRA 340 (1956)
Matute vz macaraig 99 Pjil 340 (1956)
Laperal vs Republic 6 SCRA 357 (1962)
Quiao vs Quiao GR 176556 (2012)

1. Dissolution and Liquadation of ACP or CPG

2. Support and Custody
3. Inheritance, Donations and Designations in Insurance Policies
4. Wife’s Surname

G. Reconciliation

How Done _ Art. 65

Effects- Arts. 66-67

VIII. De Facto Separation

Art. 100, 127, 211, 213, 239, 242, 246, 247, FC

A. Effects on Personal Relations

Cases:
Arroyo v. Vazquez de Arroyo, G.R. NO. L-17014 (1912)
Lacson v. San Jose, G.R No. L-23482 (1968)
Estrada v. Escritor, 492 SCRA 1 (2006)
Banaag v. Espeleta, A.M No. P-11-3011 (2011)
Santos, Sr., v. CA No. 113054 (1995)
Sy v. CA G.R No. 124518 (2007)
Perez v. Court of Appeals, 255 SCRA 661 (1996)
Salientes v. Abanilla, G.R No. 162734 (2006)

B. Effects on Property Relations

Dadivas v. Villanueva, G.R. No. L-29959 (1929)
Garcia v. Santiago, G.R NO. L-28904 (1928)
Atilano v. Chua CHing Beng, 103 Phil. 255 (1958)
Partosa-Jo v. CA, 216 SCRA 692 (1992)

IX. Divorce
A. Brief History of Divorce
 B. Absolute Divorce distinguished from other remedies

C. Foreign Divorces
Art. 15, NCC
Art. 26, Family Code

Cases:
Tenchavez vs Escano 17 SCRA 674 (1966)
Van Dorn vs Romillo, Jr. 139 SCRA 139 (1985)
Pilapil vs Ibay-Somera GR No. 80116 (1989)
Republic vs Obrecido 472 SCRA 114 (2005)
Quita vs Dandan 300 SCRA 406 (1998)
Llorente vs CA 345 SCRA 592 (2000)
Garcia vs Recto 366 SCRA 437 (2001)
Corpuz vs Sto. Tomas 628 SCRA 266 (2010)
Fujiki vs Marinay G.R. 196049 (2013)
Republic vs Manalo 221029, April 24, 2018

D. Muslim Divorces
Code of Muslim Personal Laws
Case:
Yasin v. Sharia District Court, 241 SCRA 606 (1995)
Pacasum, Sr. v. Zamoranos, G.R No. 193719 ( March 21, 2017)

**Student Report on Muslim Divorce and Divorce bills pending in

Congress.

X. Rights and Obligations Between Husband and Wife

Reading: * Brown, Emerson, Falk, Freedman, The Equal Rights
Amendment: A Constitutional Basis for Equal Rights for Women, 80
Yale L.J 872; 936-954 (1971)
Sec. 2, Sec. 3, Sec.4 (g)(h)(i)(p)(q)(s) (v), Sec 7, Sec. 8, RA 10354 (RH Law)

A. Cohabitation, mutual love and respect, mutual help and support

Art. 247, RPC
Art. 68, FC
Art. 34 NCC
Sec. 2, RA 8353 (Anti-Rape Law)
Sec. 2-6,8,21,26,35, RA 9262 (Anti VAWC Act of 2004)
Sec. 19, RA 9710 (Magna Carta of Woment)
Arts. 68 & 70, FC Compared with Art. 111, CC
Arts. 199-200, FC

Cases:
Garcia v. Santiago, supra
Goitia v. Campos Rueda, 35 Phil. 252 (1916)
Warren v. State, 255 Ga. 151, 336 S.E. 2d 221 (1985)
People v. Jumawan G.R 187495 (2014)
People v. Liberta, 64 NY 2d 152, 485 N.Y.S. 2d 207, 474 NY 2d 567
(1984)
Thurman v. City of Torrington, 595 F. Supp. 1521 (1984)
Garcia v. Drilon and Jaype-Garcia, G.R. No. 179267 (2013)
Go-Tan v. Tan, G.R. No. 168852 (2008)
Pelayo v. Lauron, 12 Phil. 453 (1909)
Mc.Guirev. McGuire, 157 Neb 226, 59 N.W. 2d 336 (1953)
 B. Management of the Household
Art. 71, FC compared with Art. 115, NCC

Case:
Young v. Hector, 740 So. 2d 1153 (1999)

C. Exercise of Profession
Art. 73, FC Compared with Art. 117, NCC
RA 7192 (Women in Development and Nation-Building Act)
Secs. 12-16, 22-24, RA 9710 (Magna Carta of Women)

Case:
Bradwell v. Illinois, 21 L.E.D. 442, 16 Wall. 130 (1880)

D. Use of Surname
Art. 370, 373, 377, NCC
RA 8239 (Philippine Passport Act of 1996)

Cases:
Maria Virginia V. Remo v. DFA G.R. No. 169202 (2010)
Dunn v. Palermo, 522 S.W. 2d 679 (1975)
Tolentino v. CA, 162 SCRA 66 (1988)
Yasin v. Shari’a District Court, supra

Reading: Gordon, “Statutory Development: Pre-marriage Name Change,

Resumption and Re-registration Statues”, Columbia L. Rev, Vol. 74, No. 8
(Dec. 1974)

E. Property Relations
Arts. 74, 91-93, 98, 106, 109, 116, 125, FC

Cases:
Carlos v. Abelardo 380 SCRA 361 (2002)
Selanova v. Mendoza, 64 SCRA 69 (1975)

F. Sales and Donations Inter Vivos and Mortis Causa

Art. 87, FC

Case:
Nazareno v. Birog, 45 OG 11 Supp 268 (1947)
Harding v. Commercial Union, 38Phil. 464 (1918)
Arriola v. Arriola, G.R No. 177703 (2008)

G. Duties Toward Their Children

Sec. 4 (v), RH Law

Cases:
Republic v. Toledano, G.R No. 94147 (1994)
Johnston v. Republic, G.R. No. L-18284 (1963)

H. Other Rights and Duties

XI. Rights and Obligations of Unmarried Cohabitants

A. Cohabitation, Mutual Love and Respect, Mutual Help and Support

Case: Garcia v. Drilon and Jaype-Garcia, supra
 B. Exercise of Profession
Art. 2 R9262

C. Use of Surname
Case: Silva v. Peralta, 110 Phil 57 (1960)

D. Property Relations
Arts. 147-148, FC

Cases:
Nicadao-Carino v. Yee-Carino, supra
Valdes v. RTC, 260 SCRA 221 (1996)

E. Sales and Donations Inter Vivos and Mortis Causa

Art.87, FC

Case:
Matabuena v. Cervantes, 38 SCRA 284 (1971)
Sumbad v. CA, 308 SCRA 575 (1999)
Ching v. Goyanko, 506 DCRA 735 (2006)

F. Custody and Support of Children

RA 9255

Cases:
Silva v. CA and Gonzales, 275 SCRA 604 (1997)
Gotardo v. Buling, G.R No. 165466 (2012)
Gan v. Reyes, G.R No. 145527 (2012)

XII. Relief from Courts

Secs. 8, 21, RA 9262
Art. 72

Cases:
Tenchavez v. Escano, supra
Narag v. Narag, 291 SCRA 451 (1998)
Perez v. Tuason de Perez, 109 Phil. 654 (1960)
De Guzman v. Perez, G.R No. 156013 (2006)
Arroyo v. Vazquez de Arroyo, 42 Phil. 54 (1921)

XIII. Property Relations Between Spouses

A. General Provisions
Arts. 78-81, Family Code

Case: Collector v. Fisher, 110 Phil. 686 (1961)

1. Requisites for donations

Arts. 82-83, FC

Cases:
Damalagan v. Bolifer, 33 Phil. 471 (1916)
Serrano v. Solomon, 105 Phil 998 (1959)
Solis v. Barroso, 53 Phil. 912 (1928)
Mateo v. Lagua, 29 SCRA 864 (1969)

2. Donation propter nuptias of present or future property.

 Arts. 84-85, FC

3. Grounds for Revocation of Donation propter nuptias

Art. 86, FC

4. Void Donations
Art. 87, FC, supra

B. System of Absolute Community

1. General Provisions- Arts. 88-90, FC

2. What Constitutes Community Property-Arts. 91-93, FC
3. Charges Upon the ACP-Arts. 94-95, FC
4. Ownership and Disposition of the ACP –Arts.96-98, FC
5. Dissolution – Arts. 99-101 FC
6. Liquidation of Assets and Liabilities – Arts 102-104, FC

Cases:
Onas v. Javillo, 59 Phil. 733 (1934)
Vda. De Delizo v. Delizo, 69 SCRA 216 (1976)
Abrenica v. Abrenica, GR 180572 (2012)

C. Conjugal Partnership of Gains

1. General Provisions- Arts. 105-108, FC
2. Exclusive Property- Arts. 109-115, FC
Cases:
Lim v. Garcia, 7 Phil. 320 (1907)
Rodriguez v. Dela Cruz, 8 Phil. 665 (1907)
Peoples Bank and Trust Co. v. Register of Deeds, 60 Phil. 167
(1934)
Philippine Sugar Estates v. Poizat, 48 Phil, 536 (1925)
Castro v. Miat, 397 SCRA 271 (2003)

3. CPG

a. Presumption that property is conjugal

Art. 116

Cases:
Jocson v. CA, 170 SCRA 333 (1989)
Francisco v. CA, SCRA 188 (1998)
Dewara v. Alvero, GR 179010m (April 2011)

b. Properties that compose the CPG

Art. 117

Cases:
Zulueta v. Pan Am, 49 SCRA 1 (1973)
Mendoza v. Reyes, 124 SCRA 154 (1983)
Villanueva v. IAC, 192 SCRA 21 (1990)

c. Property Purchased by installment

Art. 118, FC

Cases:
Castillo v. Pasco, 11 SCRA 102 (1964)
Lorenzo v. Nicolas, 91 Phil. 686 (1952)
 d. Rules on improvement
Art. 120, FC compared with Art. 158, CC

Case: Calimlim-Canullas v. Fortun, 129 SCRA 675 (1984)

e. Charges upon the CPG

Arts. 121-123, FC

Cases:
DBP v. Adil, 161 SCRA 307 (1988)
Luzon Surety v. De Garcia, 30 SCRA 111 (1969)
Ayala Investment v. CA 286 SCRA 272 (1998)
Carlos v. Abelardo 380 SCRA 321 (2002)
Carandang v. Heirs of De Guzman, 508 SCRA 469 (2006)
Ros. V. PNB, April 6, 2011

f. Administrative and Disposition of the CPG

Art. 124-125

Cases:
Felipe v. Heirs of Maximo Aldon, 120 SCRA 628 (1983)
Tinitigan v. Tinitigan, Sr, 100 SCRA 619 (1980)
Guiang v. CA,. 291 SCRA 372 (1998)
Relucio v. Lopez 373 SCRA 578 (2001)
Jader-Manalo v. Camaisa 374 SCRA 498 (2002)
Villanueva v. Chiong, 554 SCRA 197 (2008)
Flores v. Lindo, GR 169766 (March 2011)

g. Dissolution of CPG
Arts. 126-128

h. Liquidation of Assets and Liabilities

Arts. 129-133

Cases:
Santero v. CFI of Cavite, 153 SCRA 728 (1987)
Go v. Go, GR 157537 (September 2011)

D. Separation of Property and Administration of Common Property by one

Spouse

1. Judicial separation of Property for Sufficient Cause

Arts. 134-135

Cases:
Garcia v. Manzano, 103 Phil. 798 (1958)
Partosa-Jo v. CA, 216 SCRA 692 (1992)
Dela Cruz v. Dela Cruz 22 SCRA 333 (1968)

2. Voluntary Separation of Property

Art. 136

Cases:
In re: Voluntary Dissolution of Conjugal Partnership of Spouses
Bernas, 14 SCRA 327 (1965)
Lacson v. San Jose, 24 SCRA 837 (1968)
 Maquilan v. Maquilan 524 SCRA 166 (2007)

3. Liquidation Dissolution of Property

Arts. 137-142

4. Sole Administration of Other Spouse’s Property

Art. 142

E. Regime of Separate Property

Arts. 143-146

F. Property Regimes of Unions Without Marriage

Arts. 147-148

Cases:
Yaptinchay v. Torres, 28 SCRA 489 (1969)
Juaniza v. Jose, 89 SCRA 306 (1979)
Vda. De Consuegra v. GSIS, 37 SCRA 315 (1971)
Maxey v. CA, 129 SCRA 187 (1984)
Valdes v. RTC, 260 SCRA 221 (1996)
Carino v. Carino, 351 SCRA 127 (2001)
Rivera v. Heirs of Villanueva, 496 SCRA 135 (2006)
Saguid v. CA, 403 SCRA 678 (2003)
San Luis v. Sagalongos, 514 SCRA 294 (2007)
Dino v. Dino, GR No. 178044, January 19, 2011

XIV. THE FAMILY

Sec. 2, 3 (d) (3) (f) (h) (k), Sec. 4 € (p) (q) (s) (v), Sec. 7, RA 10354 (RH Law)

A. Members of a Family

1. Nature and Scope of Family Relations

Arts. 149-151, FC

Cases:
Mendoza v. CA, 19 SCRA 756 (1967)
Mendez v. Bionson, 80 SCRA 82 (1977)
Guerrero v. RTC, 299 SCRA 274 (1994)
Hontiveros v. RTC, 309 SCRA 340 (1999)

2. Support
Arts. 195-208, FC

Cases:
Lacson v. Lacson, 499 SCRA 677 (2006)
Gotardo v. Buling, GR 165166 (2012)
Perla v. Baring, GR 172471 (2012)

3. Funerals
Arts. 305-310, CC

B. The Family Home

Arts. 152-162

Cases:
 Modequillo v. Breva, 185 SCRA 766 (1990)
Patricio v. Dario III, 507 SCRA 438 (2006)
Veneracion v. Mancilla, 495 SCRA 712 (2006)
Arriola v. Arriola, 542 SCRA 666 (2008)
Spouses Kelley v. Planters Products Inc., 557 SCRA 499 (2008)
Josef v. Santos, 572 SCRA 57 (2008)
Spouses de Mesa v. Spouses Acero, GR 18506 (February 2012)
Fortaleza v. Lapitan, GR 178288 (2012)

XV. PATERNITY AND FILIATION

A. Legitimate Children

1. Kinds of Filiation
Arts. 163-164, FC

a. Bioligical-Natural
Cases:
Perido v. Perido, 63 SCRA 97 (1975)
Liyao, Jr. v. Tanhoti-Liyao, 378 SCRA 563 (2002)
Social Security System v. Aguas, 483 SCRA 383 (2006)

b. Biological-Assisted reproductive technology

Cases:
In Re Baby M. 109 N.J. 396, 537 A. 2d 1227 (1988)
Johnson v. Calvert, 851 P. 2d 776 (Cal 1993)
In Re Adoption of Anonymous, 345 N.Y.S. 2d 430 (1973)

**Student Report on ART

2. Impugned Legitimacy

Cases:
Andal v. Macaraig, 89 Phil. 165 (1951)
Chua Keng Giap v. IAC, 158 SCRA 18 (1988)
Cabatbat Lim v. IAC, 166 SCRA 451 (1988)
Tan v. Tracio, 191 SCRA 764 (1990)
People v. Tumimpad, 235 SCRA 483 (1994)
Benitez-Badua v. CA, 229 SCRA 468 (1994)
De Aparico v. Pagaruya 150 SCRA 279 (1987)

** Student Report on DNA and Blood-typing to impugn filiation

3. Proof of Filiation

a. How to prove Filiation

Art. 172; Rule 130 Sec 39-41, Rules of Court
Art. 220, NCC

Cases:
Constantino v. Mendez, 209 SCRA 18 (1992)
Mendoza v. Mella, 17 SCRA 788 (1966)
Heirs of R. Banas v. Heirs of Banas, 134 SCRA 260 (1985)
Makati Shangrila v. Harper, GR 189998 (2012)
Gotardo v. Buling, GR 165166 (2012)

4. Action to Claim Legitimacy

 Art. 173

5. Rights of Legitimate Children

Art. 174

Cases:
Republic v. CA, Vicencio, 300 SCRA 138 (1998)
De Asis v. CA, 303 SCRA 176 (1999)

B. Illegitimate Filiation
1. Proof of Filiation
Art. 175

Cases:
Rodriquez v. CA, 245 SCRA 150 (1995)
Mariategurl v. CA, 205 SCRA 337 (1992)
Aruego Jr. v. CA, 254 SCRA 711 (1996)
Jison V. CA, 286 SCRA 495 (1998)
Guy v. CA, GR 183707, 502 SCRA 151 (2006)
Estate of Rogelio Ong v. Diaz, 540 SCRA 480 (2007)
Lucas v. Lucas, GR 190710 (2011)

2. Rights of Illegitimate Children

Art. 176; RA 9255

a. Right to prove filiation

Uyguangco v. CA, 178 SCRA 684 (1989)

b. Custody
David v. CA, 250 SCRA 82 (1995)

c. Surname
Republic v. Abadilla, 302 SCRA 358 (1999)
Republic v. Capote, 514 SCRA 76 (2007)

d. Support
De Guzman v. Perez, 496 SCRA 474 (2006)
Zepeda v. Zepeda, 41 III App 2d 240, 190 N.E 2d 849 (1963)
People v. Namayan, 246 SCRA 646 (1995)
Gan v. Reyes 382 SCRA 357 (2002)
Dolina v. Vallecera, GR No. 182367, (December 15, 2010)

C. Legitimated Children
Arts. 177-182
Sec. 1, RA 9858

Cases:
Ramirez v. Gmur, 42 Phil 855 (1918)
In re Julian Wang, 454 SCRA 155 (2005)

XVI. ADOPTION
Read: Aguiling-Pangalangan, Treatise on the Philippine Law on Adoption
RA 8552 (1998) and its Implementing Rules and Regulations (IRR) compared
with cited Family Code Provisions
July 2002 En Banc Resolution of the SC (Rule on Adoption), Sec 4-2
RA 8043 (1995)

A. ADOPTION: History and Rationale

B. Types and Nature of Adoption
1. Types and Nature of Adoption
Case: People v. Marquez, G.R No. 181440 (2011)

2. Proceeding in Rem
Cases:
Lazatin v. Campos, G.R No. L-43955-56 (1979)
DSWD v. Belen, A.M No. RTJ-96-1362 (1997)
Republic v. CA and Caranto, G.R No. 103695 (1996)

C. Evolution of Philippine Laws on Domestics Adoption

Case: In re Adoption of Guzman, G.R No. L-47790 (1941)

D. Domestic Adoption: Eligibility and Consent Requirement

1. Eligibility of Adopters
Cases:
In the matter of the Adoption of the Minor, Edwin Villa, G.R No. L-
22523 (1967)
Republic v. CA and Bobiles, G.R No. 92326 (1992)
Republic v. Toledano, G.R No. 94147 (1994)
Republic v. Miller, G.R No. 125932 (1999)
In Re: Petition for Adoption of Michelle Lim, G. R. No. 168992-93
(2009)

2. Eligibility of the Adoptee

Cases:
In re Robert Paul P. 63 N.Y.3d 233, 481 N.Y.S 2d 652, 471 N.E. 2d
424 (1984)

3. Consent Necessary for Adoption

Cases: In re Adoption of Anonymous, 345 N.Y.S. 2d 430 (1973)
Lehr v. Robinson, 463 U.S 248 (1983)
Santos v. Aranzanso, G.R No. 105308 (1998)
Cong v. Court of Appeals, G.R No. 105308 (1998)
Landingin v. Republic, G.R No. 164948 (2006)
Duncan v. CFI, G.R. No. L-30576 (1976)

E. Effects of Adoption and Rescission

1. Effects of Adoption
Cases:
Republic v. Court of Appeals and Wong, G.R. No.85044 (1992)
Tamargo v. CA, G.R No. 85044 (1992)
Johnston v. Republic, G.R No. L-18284 (1963)
Laperal v. Republic, G.R No. L-18008 (1962)
Republic v. Hernandez, G.R. No. 117209 (1996)
In the Matter of the Adoption of Stephanie Garcia, G.R No. 148311
(2005)
Sayson v. CA, G.R. Nos. 89224-25 (1992)
 2. Rescission of Adoption
Lahom v. Simbulo, G.R No. 143989 (2003)

F. Violation and Penalties: Focus on Simulation

G. Inter Country Adoption

RA 8043, Sec 4-6, 8-14,16-17

H. Republic Act 11642 Domestic Administrative Adoption and Alternative

Child Care Act
A.M. No. 02-6-02-SC dated April 19, 2022

XVII. PARENTS and CHILDREN

A. Parental Authority-General Provisions

Arts. 209-214, FC
Art. 2180 Civil Code
Art. 58. PD 603

Reading:
Peskind, “ Determining the Undeterminable; The Best Interest of the Child
Standard as an Imperfect but Necessary Guidepost to Determine Child
Custody”, 25 N. III. U.L Rev. 449 (2004-2005)

1. Custody

a. Determining the Best Interest of the Child

i. Gender and Tender Years Presumption
Art. 213 FC

Cases:

Ex Parte Device, 398 So. 2d 686 (1981)

Espiritu v. CA, 242 SCRA 362 (1995)
Celis v. Cafuir, 86 Phil. 554 (1950)
Sy v. CA, 541 SCRA 371 (2007)

ii. Parental Unfitness

Cases:
Feldman v. Feldman, 358 NYS 2d 507 (1974)
Santos Sr. v. CA 242 SCRA 407 (1995)
Gualberto vs. Gualberto, 416 SCRA 450 (2005)

b. Role of the Child’s Preference

Cases:
Goldstein v. Goldstein, 115 R.I. 152, 341 A. 2d. 51 (1975)
Laxamana v. Laxamana 388 SCRA 296 (2002)

c. Presumption for Primary Caretaker

Case; Garska v. MaCoy, 278 S.E 2d 357 (1981)

d. Flip of the Coin

Reading: Mnookin, Child Custody Adjudication Judicial Functions in
 The Face of Indeterminacy (excerpt-Photocopy)

B. Others Rights and Duties in Exercise of Parental Authority

Arts. 220-226, FC
Cases:
Salientes v. Abanilla, 500 SCRA 128 (2006)
Cabanas v. Pilapil, 58 SCRA 94 (1974)
Libi v. IAC, 214 SCRA 16 (1992)
People v. Silvano, 309 SCRA 362 (1999)
Shields v. Gross, 58 NY 2d 388
Silva v. CA and Gonzales, 275 SCRA 604 (1997)

Reading: The Doctrine of Family Integrity: Protecting the Parental

Rights of Unwed Fathers who have Substantial Relations with their
Children, 13 Conn. L. Rev 145 (1980-1981)

C. Substitute and Special Parental Authority

Arts. 216-219 FC, Art. 2180 Civil Code

Cases:
Amadora v. CA, 160 SCRA 315 (1988)
St. Mary’s Academy v. Carpitanos, 376 SCRA 473 (2002)
Vancil v. Belmes 358 SCRA 707 (2001)

D. Suspension or Termination of Parental Authority

Arts. 225-233, FC
Sec. 5-10, 2728, 31-c RA 7610 (Anti-Child Abuse Act)

Cases:
Abiera v. Orin, 8 Phil 193 (1907)
Cortes v. Castillo, 41 Phil. 466 (1921)
Chua v. Cabangbang, 27 SCRA 791 (1969)

E. Rights and Duties of Children

Arts. 356-364, 375-376, Civil Code
Art. 129(a), 211, par. 2, 213, 226, Family Code
Arts. 3 and 4. P.D. 60
Convention on the Right of the Child

F. Parents vs. Children-When rights clash

Sec. 14, RA 10354

Cases:
In Re Edward C. (Sta. Clara County Dept. of Soc. Services v.
Edmond C.), 178 Cal. Rptr. 694 (1981)
Strunk v Strunk, 445 S. W. 2d 145 (Ky.1969)
Conservatorship of Valerie N., 707 P.2d760 (Ca;. 1985
Johnson v. Calvert, 851 P.2d776 (Cal. 1993)
Curtis v. School Committee, 652 N.E. 2d 580 (Mass.1995)
Roe v. Doe, 29 NY 2d 188

G. Summary Procedure
Arts. 249-252
R.A. 8369 (Family Courts Act of 1997)
 Cases:
Reyes-Tabujara v. CA, 495 SCRA 844 (2006)
Madrinan v. Madrinan 527 SCRA 487 (2007)

Grading System:

1. Equal weight is given to each of the following: Recitations/Quizzes, Mid-terms,

and Finals.
2. Mid-terms and Final Exams are departmentalized
3. If you are absent or not in class when you are called to recite, you will be given a
grade of 5.0 for recitations. Excuse slips are not accepted save for hospitalization
due to serious illness or childbirth.
4. The rule on absences will apply and such student will be dropped automatically
from the roll and not be allowed to take the final exams. Coming to class tardy
twice will be counted as an absence.

-END-