TOPIC 1

1. Effects of media violence.

When we talk about the relationship between media and society, the first striking
fact we encounter is how violence portrayed in media can have a particular effect
on people. All studies in this field since the beginning of the 20th century reveal
that violent content impacts individuals and societies.
The frequent presence of violence in newspapers, television, cinema, and the more
widely used virtual environments today is a problem that arises out of the need to
reach a wider audience and secure financial interests.
Violence sells itself. It is interesting, it arouses curiosity and because of that, TV
series, movies, news, video games and social media platforms have become a place
where it can be found easily. Therefore, it is an essential debate whether the
intense level of violence in mass media desensitizes individuals and increases the
frequency of violence in real life.
We all know that utmost attention is paid to action and violent scenes in movies
and TV series because they help draw the audience's attention easily. While
preparing a headline for a news story, the use of the most striking feature in the
headline is still widely popular today and because of this, any element of physical
violence in it takes center stage. The most striking headline highlights the words or
sentences that convey violence in the harshest way. Even the news itself may
appear weak to both the reporter and the reader without the use of adjectives and
adverbs that exaggerate the violence.
Violence breeds violence
Violence is a phenomenon that is easily encountered in traditional mass media
such as television, newspapers, or virtual platforms like video games and has a
psychological impact on individuals. Clinical studies on the subject show that
undesirable behaviors like violent tendencies, aggression and introversion are more
prevalent behavioral patterns in young people who are exposed to violence. The
most interesting aspect of this situation is that violence does not need to be
experienced in real life. Being exposed to violent content in a video game,
television or cinema can easily have nearly the same effect.
The findings also indicate that these young people are more prone to committing
crimes. To sum it up, the research shows that violence breeds violence and
naturally crime. The media indirectly helps increase the incidence of violence that
all societies try to combat and prevent in many ways. Although learning of
violence through media may seem unbelievable, unfortunately, this is what is
actually happening. In a society where the tendency to violence is increasing, the
inevitable result, not surprisingly, is an increase in crime rates. After all, we all
know that violence is learned through imitation and is the main element in many
crimes.
The 4 consequences
Exposure to violence through the media has four main effects on people. These
were defined as incitement to aggression, fear of victimization, depersonalization
and appetite effects. These four effects give enough clues to grasp the negative
situations that violence in the media can lead to. It is not difficult to predict that if
the desensitizing effect spreads to society, it will have a devastating impact on the
victims of violence in real life.
The most crucial factor that will lead to the spread of violence in a society is that it
is perceived as a normal, natural and acceptable occurrence in daily life, instead of
wrong, harmful, illegal and criminal. The most important supporters of this
situation are the media tools, which are the primary source of this
depersonalization effect. The media brings all this violence into our daily lives and
unleashes its impact on society as a whole.
The language of news
In the most general terms, violence means ruthlessness, harsh behavior and brute
force. Although the concept of violence, which has many different types, generally
refers to physical effects, there are other types of violence such as psychological,
verbal, nonverbal and sexual violence. What is surprising is that the processing and
presentation of violence in the media is as old as the history of mass media itself.
In this way, all kinds of violence can appear familiar or normal to people. For
many, the fact that they have never encountered or never been exposed to such
violence in their daily lives loses its importance at this point.
The existence of violence in the media has been the subject of discussions for
many years and has also been the subject of many scientific studies. The simplest
explanation is that violence has an important place in media because it facilitates
sales. In other words, it ensures that the media content is preferred and consumed
by wider audiences.
Some theorists argue that all types of violence are a set of learned behaviors. They
draw attention to the fact that violence frequently featured in the media can lead
individuals to engage in violent behavior. Based on this view, we might say that
we are facing a very serious problem. Especially nowadays, media content
produced anywhere in the world can be transmitted over great distances within
seconds. It is common knowledge that violent items are quickly produced, shared
and easily accessible. Due to factors such as recording, sharing and rewatching the
content, people may be exposed to the same element of violence repeatedly.
Digitalization, which is a tremendous opportunity for humanity to transfer
information, turns into a process that increases the frequency of violence in the
media to an unlimited level at this point.
On the other hand, some theorists state that a person will not exhibit violent
behavior just because he or she encounters violent elements in the media. While
accepting that violence is a learned behavior, they say violence learned from the
media will be abandoned in a short time. Some experiments also support this view.
According to the results of some experimental research on children and young
people, it has been observed that children who watch cartoons containing violent
elements use violence while playing with their toys, but they stop this behavior in a
short time.
The critical point and the main question here is to what extent will a child's
behavior be affected when they are regularly exposed to violence in all media
content. After all, we definitely know that their behavior changes due to the
content of cartoons, even for a short time. If violence is encountered in all media
content, especially in news, which is the most powerful representation of the real
world among media content, this situation might have the capacity to affect all
members of society. Depersonalization starts showing itself after this point.
Individuals who have become desensitized to violence may perceive it as natural
and ordinary when they encounter violent events in their daily life.
Although elements of violence are frequently encountered in all media content,
such as digital games, TV series and movies, violence is also commonly included
in the news content. The presence of violence in news content can be described as
more dangerous than other media elements. It is known that all other media items
are a product of fiction and consumed with this perspective. Still, when it comes to
"news," it is thought to be an extension of real life, a reflection of reality.
As a result of violence in media, people may start believing that violence in the
world is much more prevalent than it actually is. This highlights the importance of
the language used in the news media. Although some practices such as many legal
regulations, ethical principles, publishing rules and responsibilities have been
determined to protect the individual and society from the harmful effects of media
violence, it has not been possible to eliminate the presence of violence in media
content altogether. However, although there are measures, such as warning
symbols, to prevent the harmful effects of violent productions, at least for children,
it does not seem possible to limit access to media material in today's digital age.
The most critical barrier to the worldwide sale of media content is cultural
differences and violence is the main content that can be sold almost unaffected by
these differences. Therefore, incorporating violence into different content, from
video games to TV series and movies, from newspapers to new media elements, is
a frequently applied method. By overcoming the obstacles created by cultural
differences, violence, which is rapidly sold around the world, can find its place in
all media.
Technological developments have enabled societies to access information with
extraordinary ease but it has also brought the downside of the constant exposure to
information with it. Unfortunately, a significant part of the media material contains
elements of violence. Moreover, news content is one of the most important carriers
of violence. In fact, even news of violence against women can increase the
incidence of violence against women. It is known that presenting news of violence
in a detailed and dramatized manner is instructive for people who are prone to
violence.
It should not be forgotten that the language of the news media is an important
factor in preventing violence to the public. Using language that normalizes
violence will inevitably desensitize society to violence and this depersonalization
has a significant impact on the failure to prevent violence.
OR

Introduction (0:00 - 0:45)

Media violence, encompassing both fictional and real-life depictions of violent

acts, has become an integral part of our modern media landscape. The pervasive
nature of media, from traditional outlets to digital platforms, raises important
questions about its potential influence on behavior, attitudes, and societal norms.

The Historical Context (0:45 - 2:00)

To understand the effects of media violence, we must delve into its historical
evolution. Early concerns about media effects date back to the mid-20th century
when television became a household staple. Since then, the debate has expanded to
include video games, movies, and online content.

Theoretical Frameworks (2:00 - 3:30)

Several theoretical frameworks attempt to explain the relationship between media

violence and real-world aggression. The Social Learning Theory posits that
individuals learn behaviors by observing others, which could include violent acts
depicted in the media. The Cultivation Theory suggests that prolonged exposure to
media violence can shape an individual's perception of reality, contributing to a
"mean world syndrome" where the world is perceived as more dangerous than it
actually is.

Research Findings (3:30 - 5:00)

A plethora of research studies has investigated the effects of media violence on
individuals, particularly on children and adolescents. While some studies suggest a
correlation between exposure to violent media and aggressive behavior, the
findings are not always consistent. Methodological challenges, ethical concerns,
and the difficulty of isolating media exposure from other influential factors
contribute to the complexity of this research.

The Role of Desensitization (5:00 - 6:15)

One notable aspect is the concept of desensitization, where repeated exposure to

violent content may lead individuals to become less sensitive to violence in real
life. This phenomenon raises ethical questions about the potential numbing effect
of media violence on empathy and emotional responses.

Media Literacy and Critical Thinking (6:15 - 7:30)

Promoting media literacy and critical thinking skills is crucial in mitigating

potential negative effects. Educating individuals, especially the younger
generation, about discerning between fiction and reality, understanding media
production techniques, and questioning the motives behind violent portrayals can
empower them to consume media more responsibly.

Regulatory Measures and Industry Responsibility (7:30 - 8:45)

Government regulations, industry self-regulation, and parental control tools play a

role in managing media content. Evaluating the effectiveness of these measures
and exploring ways to enhance them is essential for striking a balance between
artistic freedom and societal well-being.

Media Violence in the Digital Age (8:45 - 9:30)

The advent of digital media and online platforms has added new dimensions to the
discussion. The interactive nature of video games and the prevalence of user-
generated content pose challenges in regulating and understanding the potential
impact of media violence in the digital age.

Conclusion (9:30 - 10:00)

In conclusion, the effects of media violence are nuanced and multifaceted,

involving individual differences, societal factors, and the evolving nature of media
itself. Recognizing the complexity of this issue is crucial for fostering informed
discussions, implementing effective regulations, and promoting media literacy to
navigate the intricate relationship between media and societal behavior.

TOPIC 2
2. Violence in mass media

Media Violence Effects

Evidence supports the idea that exposure to violent media can have immediate
impacts on people, such as increased hostility, desensitization to violence, and a
decline in prosocial conduct. Aggression is one of the most well-documented
consequences of consuming violent media. People who are already prone to
aggression or have a high level of aggression-related personality traits seem to be
more affected by this effect. Desensitization to violence is another immediate
consequence of consuming violent media. This speaks to a decreased emotional
reaction to violent behavior and an accompanying rise in tolerance for such acts.
Children, who may be more susceptible to the impacts of media violence, may
experience desensitization to particularly evident violence.

Last but not least, exposure to violent media has been associated with lowered
prosocial conduct, or the capacity to show kindness, empathy, and care for others.
According to studies, watching violent media can make it harder to engage in
prosocial actions like assisting others or being friendly to strangers. Overall,
people must be aware of the short-term consequences of watching violent media
and the potential long-term implications on their attitudes, emotions, and
behaviors.

Prevention of Media Violence effects

Several recommendations can help prevent the negative effects of immediate

exposure to violent media −

Limit Exposure

One of the most effective ways to prevent the negative effects of violent media is
to limit the time spent consuming it. This is especially important for children and
adolescents, whose brains are still developing and may be more vulnerable to the
effects of violent media.

Choose Age-Appropriate Media

It is important to choose media that is appropriate for the age and maturity level of
the individual. Children and adolescents may be more sensitive to the effects of
violent media, so it is important to choose appropriate content for their age and
development.

Discuss Media with Children

Parents and caregivers can play a key role in helping children understand and
process media content. It can be helpful to discuss media with children, including
the consequences of violent behavior, and to provide context and perspective on
the events depicted in media.

Encourage Alternative Activities

Encouraging children and adolescents to engage in alternative activities, such as

sports, hobbies, or other interests, can help reduce their exposure to violent media
and promote more positive behaviors.

Seek Professional Help

If you or someone you know is struggling with the effects of violent media or is
experiencing negative thoughts or behaviors as a result of exposure to it, it may be
helpful to seek the guidance of a mental health professional. A trained therapist can
provide support and guidance on managing the effects of violent media and
promoting healthy coping strategies.

Gender Differences

Some evidence suggests that people of different genders may respond differently
when exposed immediately to violent media. According to certain studies, men
may be more inclined to act aggressively after viewing violent media, but women
may be more likely to feel scared and anxious. Nevertheless, it is crucial to
remember that the impact of violent media on people can differ greatly and depend
on various variables, including a person's personality traits, the precise type of
media they are exposed to, and the environment in which they are exposed to it.

It is also critical to remember that violent media can harm people of all genders.
Research shows that violent media can increase aggressive thoughts and actions,
lessen prosocial actions (such as assisting others), and desensitize viewers to
violence. Additionally, some studies have found that violent media can have
detrimental consequences on mental health, such as raising the likelihood of
anxiety and depression. It is crucial for people to be aware of the potential negative
impacts of violent media and to take into account how it might affect their feelings,
behaviors, and mental processes. Limiting exposure to violent media or opting for
more age-appropriate, less harmful media may benefit an individual.

Legal Regulations

Various legal regulations have been put in place in different countries to address
the potential negative immediate effects of watching violent media. These
regulations can vary widely in scope and effectiveness and may be driven by
cultural, political, and other factors.

One common approach to regulating violent media is using age ratings or

classifications. These ratings or classifications indicate the suitability of media
content for different age groups and are often accompanied by warnings or
advisories about potentially disturbing or violent content. In some countries, age
ratings or classifications restrict access to violent media by certain age groups,
either through self-regulation by the media industry or legal restrictions.

Another approach to regulating violent media is censorship or content control.

These controls may involve the outright ban of certain types of violent media or
the imposition of limits on the distribution or availability of such media.
Censorship or content controls may be implemented by government authorities or
through industry self-regulation.

Overall, the effectiveness of legal regulations in addressing the immediate effects

of watching violent media is a matter of ongoing debate, and different approaches
may be more or less effective in different contexts. It is important for policymakers
and other stakeholders to consider the potential impacts of different regulatory
approaches and to carefully evaluate their effectiveness in reducing the immediate
negative effects of violent media.
Conclusion

Consistently, studies have shown that exposure to violent media can have direct
consequences on people, such as a rise in hostility, desensitization to violence, and
a decline in prosocial conduct. Various legal laws have been implemented in
various nations to address violent media's potentially harmful immediate impacts,
including age ratings or classifications, censorship, or content controls.

The effectiveness of these restrictions is still questioned, and various strategies

may work better or worse, depending on the situation. People should be aware of
the potential immediate impacts of violent media and consider how those effects
may affect their ideas, feelings, and behaviors. Parents and other caregivers should
closely monitor and control children's and young people's access to violent media.

3. Effects of media on people.

Mass media means technology with the purpose to reach a large group of individuals. In other
words, with the purpose of reaching a mass audience.

It is the most popular and primary way of communication to target and reach a large group of
people or audience in society.

It refers to communication. It can be spoken, written or broadcasted information that targets and
hits a large audience.

Any form of media that’s meant for the larger masses is what we call mass media.

Different media messages will invoke different reactions from the audiences. In other words, the
shared media influences our behavior.

For example, media constantly sharing terrible news such as innocent people dying or starving
may change our behavior to be more empathetic towards others and may cause us to garner help
for the less fortunate people in the world.

Next up, the positive and negative impact of mass media.

Positive and negative impact of mass media

THE NEGATIVE EFFECTS OF MASS MEDIA ON SOCIETY

So how does media influence us negatively?

Since mass media has such a large effect on the beliefs, attitude and behavior of society, it can be
used intentionally, or unintentionally result in negative effects. And the negative impact of mass
media has been plentiful in our history. Overindulging in social media for example can be bad
for your mental health.

Mass media can and has lead people to:

 Poor physical health

 Poor mental health
 Depression
 Negative body image
 Unhealthy sleep patterns
 Cyberbullying
 Fear of missing out (FOMO)
 Violence
 Crime
 Poverty
 Addiction
 Unrealistic expectations
 Promoting popular culture
Poor physical health

Mass media organs, such as advertisement promoting the use of cigarettes in the past for
example, can cause poor physical health.

The goal of advertisements is to sell as much as possible in order to make profit, not necessarily
to make or keep people healthy. That doesn’t mean that all ads promote bad products, or that
something can’t be tasty and healthy. But it means that we shouldn’t automatically believe that a
product is healthy just because it’s promoted that way.

Sitting still and watching TV, or browsing the internet all day, can become unhealthy if it
prevents you from moving around during the day and working out.

It basically comes down to this. Every person requires exercise and to remain in active
throughout their lives to stay healthy, no matter who you are.

Poor mental health

If the media shares mainly negative news, or if people on social media for example only share
their seemingly perfect lives, then that can lead to other people suffering from poor mental health
such as depression, and even becoming suicidal.

Always remember that other people purposefully only try to portray the good things in their lives
while simultaneously trying to hide the bad stuff going on. In other words, reality is not often
found on social media platforms.
Mental health is key. And one should make sure to stay in a healthy place mentally. Consult a
therapist, or other professional health care professionals and your best friends and family to get
help if needed.

Depression

Depression is a form of poor mental health. The source of depression can for example be bad
news about war, violence, or through social media because other people’s lives are seemingly
that much better and perfect than ours. Or so it is portrayed, at least.

Modern people suffer a lot from depression. And as someone who has suffered from it himself, I
would advise you to search immediate professional help. Because depression is frequently too
complex and deliberating to defeat on your own, especially if you are severely depressed, and
possibly even suicidal.

Negative body image

Another negative impact of mass media could be a negative body image.

It has been shown that mass media strongly influence how people see themselves and others.
Sadly, this is often for the worse.

People typically suffer from negative body image due to seeing skinny models on television with
the so-called “perfect body”. Other influences can be individuals seeing and considering the
perfect selfies and lives of influencers on social media as facts instead of seeing through the
portrayed illusion. That most certainly doesn’t help, either.

People have different shapes. One is tall, one is short. One is muscular, one is thin. Likewise, one
is thicker, somebody else is skinnier. What matters is that you maintain a healthy weight. Being
overweight isn’t healthy, but neither is being too thin. Don’t compare yourself to other people.
The grass always seems greener on the other side.

Unhealthy sleep patterns

Mass media platforms such as social media can be extremely addictive to some people. Many
people, especially younger folks, typically spend many hours each day on social media.

This behavior can continue at night, which will eventually result in establishing unhealthy sleep
patterns. Getting the proper amount of sleep and rest to recharge your batteries is paramount to
stay physically and mentally healthy. This means that you should never substitute sleep.

Cyberbullying
Cyberbullying can be a consequence of the perceived anonymity that people have on the internet.
When people share personal information about themselves, with in particular pictures, they’re an
easy target and victim for other people to bully them.

Be mindful of what information you share online. You never know what other people with bad
intentions will decide to do with that information. Don’t assume that just because you’re a good
person, others are too by default.

Fear of missing out (FOMO)

Seeing people from all over the world living it up on social media might create the fear of
missing out about those things.

People’s lives are rarely as exciting as they make it up to be. And besides, being a little boring or
traditional isn’t always bad. Live your life on your terms, don’t let anyone else dictate how you
should live it.

Violence

One possible negative impact of mass media could be violence.

Some information of mass media channels like television can confirm preexisting biases, such as
for example that members of a different race are to blame for recent burglaries, or recent
shootings. In reality, people from multiple races, including our own, engage in such despicable
behavior, and not just people from one race.

Media can purposefully, or inadvertently, depict the wrong picture. In this case, that only one
specific group of people are to blame. It can also be the case that the audience interprets it the
wrong way because of their preexisting biases. In this case, this would be their racial bias. Either
way, this can lead to violence.

Mass media channels such as video games can also lead to more violence due to blurring the line
between reality and fiction.

If you can have to do a lot of violent things in the video game, you can become more prone to
doing so in real life as well.

Crime
In rare cases, movies and information being shared about crime can incentivize someone to
commit crimes. Video games can also cause someone to commit crimes because of the violent
acts they have to commit in the game.

Of course, that’s not what usually happens. As, anything can tick a person off, whose already
mentally unstable and gullible. Still, the line between reality and fiction can get blurry at times
and lead to increased crime rates.

Poverty
The luxury stuff that gets displayed on advertisements and the television in general can lead to
poverty for the members in society.

Because material wealth is often what impresses people and makes them want to buy that stuff.
And that’s ultimately the goal of advertisement. To get you to buy stuff in order to make profit of
their audience.

Never live above your means. And realize that material wealth and luxury are not everything that
life is about. Money certainly helps to improve your life, but it is not the only thing, nor is it the
thing that will lead to happiness and overall contentment.

Addiction

The internet is an addictive place. You can become addicted to shopping due to the constant
advertisements poking your eyes out. You can also become addicted to social media, and even to
pornography.

People addicted to porn, or any other addiction, are suffering from a chemical imbalance in their
brains. Serotonin and norepinephrine are the hormones that regulate our mood and behavior. And
those hormones are out of wack in people suffering from any addiction.

Unrealistic expectations
What people show on social media is not necessarily the truth. People typically only want to
show the best about themselves. This in turn creates a heavily skewed image of reality.

People like to dream. They like to think of the future, and they certainly like to envision a
positive future instead of a negative one, even though a more pessimistic future is in truth also a
possibility.

That’s not a bad thing, not at all. But people tend not to be all that objective and introspective
when it involves themselves. This can lead to unrealistic expectations in life, which will only
lead to misery and unhappiness.
Negative effects of mass media on society
examples

Let me explain and give some examples of the negative effects of mass media on society.

Let’s take the recent COVID-19 outbreak for instance. While the media has had positive effects
regarding warning people of the dangers, and how to protect themselves against it, the mass
media has also had negative effects on people’s mental and physical health as well.

The mass media has, in my opinion, had a negative effect on people’s mental and physical health
in regard to the whole COVID-19 outbreak.

Perpetually showing the outbreak, the increasing numbers of infected, and constantly reminding
people to stay inside led many people to live their lives in fear.

A lot of people, especially elderly individuals, were afraid to go outside for even a simple walk.
And we all know that people need to stay active in order to remain healthy. Especially older
folks. I can’t imagine how many people’s physical health deteriorated, or have even died from a
lack of physical activity out of fear from contracting COVID-19.

With respect to mental health, the advice from the government to stay inside four walls, to not
get out of the house if not necessary hasn’t been kind to our mental health. Not to mention that
being stuck in a chronic state of stress and anxiety because of the fear of possibly contracting
Covid-19 when one does decide to get out of the house has had a negative impact on our mental
AND physical health.

Now, I’m not saying that this was the intention of the government. I’m simply saying that these
were adverse effects of mass media, and that it can have profound positive, but negative effects
as well. Intended or not.

Another example could be violence in video games. Now, I love video games, and I think they
have a lot of positive effects as well. They can stimulate imagination, reflexes, eye-hand
coordination, and even higher cognitive functions such as problems solving.

But seeing and performing a lot of violence in video games can lead to people becoming more
violent in real life as well. Even though most of us know very well where to draw the line in
regard to video games and real life, some people can take it too far.

As a result, the line between fiction and reality can become blurred. This can lead to an increased
amount of violence in real life.

Modern mass media organs such as the social media platforms Facebook and Instagram can
often portray a distorted view of reality, although it is the people utilizing social media that
misuse it in that manner. This can make their audience feel insecure and lonely due to people
only showing their seemingly perfect lives and carefully chosen pictures.
People get carried away, and provoking news can start living a life of its own. News and stories
tend to become enlarged, and the context frequently ends up becoming distorted as a result.

Can overwhelm personal connections

Mass media can overwhelm personal connections at times. Most of us, have experienced this at
some point in history.

Think of being at a party, or a family gathering, with people staring and listening to what’s on
the television instead of listening to and concentrating on the people around them.

Or think about people watching YouTube on their phones when going out with other people for
drinks. Instead of conversing with their peers, people can get so absorbed by what’s going on
online that they don’t even notice their direct surrounding anymore.

Disinformation can get spread

Mass media such as the internet, or social media can be a huge source of information, but
unfortunately, disinformation as well. But perhaps the largest issue with it is how easily that
disinformation can get spread with those mediums.

Today, everyone has a voice. And while that is mostly a good thing, it has also allowed people to
spread fake news. Previously, those people would usually get filtered out, and common sense
would’ve prevented us from giving them a platform or medium to spit out their nonsense to the
public. But in modern times, everyone can voice their opinion ever so easily.

Can empower those already in power

Mass media organs, peculiarly those that are privately owned, are at risk for spouting out their
own propaganda. The truth often gets blurred when you’ve got a dog in the fight. And that can
happen with mass media as well.

There’s always a chance that those in power use it to stay in charge, or to get into a position of
even more power.

Think of channels on the television that are left or right leaning. Some are owned by, or associate
with, a certain political vision. And regularly, they will advocate what they believe in, not
necessarily what’s objectively true. This can and will influence people’s political choices.

Promoting popular culture

Promoting popular culture is not a problem in itself. But when the popular culture takes
precedence over the truth and being authentic, then it does become a huge trouble.
What is good is not always popular, nor is it always exciting. Still, being able to act like yourself
is important in order to stay mentally healthy and to stave off mental disorders such as
depression.

The positive effects of mass media on society

Now on to the more positive stuff.

There are good effects of mass media as well.

In fact, it can be a major contributor to positive changes in our society. Think of good effects
such as:

 Informing people
 Increased awareness
 Expose the truth
 Bring issues to light
 Educational opportunities
 Developing reading and writing skills
 Employment opportunities
 Creating and growing a business
 Source of inspiration
 Quick access
 Practice social skills
 Bring people together
 Empower minorities
 Strengthening family ties
 Improved mental health
 Improved physical health
 Improved motor skills
Informing people
One of the most important functions of mass media is to inform their audiences. It has never
been easier to get informed about different topics and to become educated online.

Good decisions can only be made when we are well-informed. This means that caution should be
taken in order to make sure that the information is truthful. Always consider the source of the
info, and if someone has something to gain by lying to its public.

Increased awareness
Large social media channels can bring more awareness to critical subjects such as political
topics, and what issues are currently living in the world.

Increased awareness is essential because it triggers us to think about those things. And thinking
about the issues in our society can lead to solutions. If not, it can at least lead to different ways
that we can contribute individually.
Expose the truth

Mass media can either hide the truth, but can also be used as a tool to expose the truth. Again,
consider the source carefully and search for multiple mediums in order to find the objective
truth. In short, search for empirical evidence.

A great amount of information and truth can be spread to a large audience at an incredible rate.
This means we can get to the truth much quicker than we could before.

Bring issues to light

This increased awareness and shared information can bring issues such as political problems to
life. Think about the current war that’s going on between Ukraine and Russia.

People who are younger or are living far away from those countries may have no idea what’s
going on over there, or what may have led to these huge issues in the first place.

But because of our instant and constant connection with the world due to the internet, social
media and television, issues can now be brought to life for the whole world to see with their own
eyes.

Educational opportunities

How does media influence education?

The information that gets shared online or via television can educate us about several topics and
skills.

But even the internet itself is a huge source of educational opportunities. Think about being able
to follow online courses to earn a professional degree.

Before the internet existed, we needed to take classes in a school to get a degree. But today, most
people have access to the internet. That also means most of us have entrance to almost unlimited
recourses and information.

This means that those with enough time and money can get their degree to practice the jobs of
their dreams online without even having to leave their house!

Developing writing and reading skills

Reading books, blogs, and writing about it to your friends, or writing down your favorite quotes
and what you’ve learned can help to develop writing and reading skills.
Being able to write and read appropriately is no different from thinking, as you need to think in
order to write intelligible and for reading comprehension. These skills are valuable no matter
what you do in life or where you’re going to work.

These are skills that are the most important to learn in life, and that you should be taught in
school. Read, write, and to think. That’s what makes someone smart and capable.

Employment opportunities
Advertisements can directly and indirectly lead to more job opportunities. Ads are getting ever
more popular and more employees are needed in order to shoot and broadcast those
advertisements.

But the increase in ads and their visibility also helps other people in society to find employment
opportunities without having to search everywhere to find a job.

Creating and growing a business

Creating and growing an online business has never been so easy at any point in time. There are
so many chances to exploit these days. Earlier, you almost had to be capable of coding to create
your own website. But today you can do so without any coding experience.

Growing a business has become exponentially easier as well. Think of promoting with Facebook
ads, or promoting your website on social media. The possibilities are endless.

Source of inspiration
Mass media can serve as a source of inspiration not just for our personal life, but our work life as
well.

People have found out before what they wanted to do in life just because they saw a
documentary about a particular career or job before. Watching television in general might give
us ideas that we want to execute in our own personal businesses as well.

Quick access
Internet has given us quick access to information and education. We are instantly connected to
the world with the simple press of a button.

We often don’t appreciate that incredibly fast and convenient access. Not only that, but we might
even dismiss it as normal. But it is truly amazing that this is even a possibility.

This ability to quickly find the right information gives us more free time to pursue other things in
life, and to absorb more information at a faster rate than was possible before.

Practice social skills

Social media allows us to interact with each other with the simple press of a button.

Staying up to date with the current trends and what’s happening in the world can give you
something to talk about with friends and strangers alike.

Talking with your friends through social media can help develop your social skills and can be
used as a form of practice. Of course, conversing with people in real life remains key, and there’s
no replacement for that. Neither is social media.

Bring people together

Another positive impact of mass media is the capacity to bring people together.

Television showing the horrible things in life, but also the good things currently happening in the
world, can serve to bring people together.

People are social animals, and we want to feel connected to each other. It’s the other people that
give meaning to our lives. It can bring people together from all over the world, even if they don’t
know each other personally.

Empower minorities
Mass media can empower the minorities by enabling everyone to actively voice their opinion
now. And there is real power in numbers. Beforehand, the minority might have been silenced by
the larger majority. But now, that is much harder to accomplish.

Just because it’s a minority doesn’t mean they don’t have anything valuable to say, or that they
aren’t right. We need thoughts and ideas that are different from the average in order to solve
problems and to be able to live together peacefully and cooperatively.

Strengthening family ties

Spending time with the family helps to strengthen family ties. Watching television, or even
dancing to music together at a family gathering, can help to strengthen the bond between our
family members.

Television showing how families eat together in movies and documentaries can also help to
reinforce those values and thus, can strengthen family ties as a result.

Improved mental health

Educational programs, documentaries, and people telling their personal experience and struggles
regarding mental health can help break the stigma surrounding mental health issues.

This can increase the probability of the audience of the mass media to search help when
struggling with their mental health.
The media can also educate individuals how to appropriately guard their mental fortitude, what
possible symptoms of mental health difficulties look like, and how to deal and cope with them
more effectively.

So the media can help raise awareness, recognize, and deal with mental health issues while
simultaneously reducing the stigma surrounding mental health concerns.

Improved physical health

Educational programs can help to bring awareness to the importance of physical health and how
to effectively stay in good shape.

Think of raising consciousness to the importance of a healthy body weight, the importance of
both endurance and strength workouts to stay fit, especially when we get older and naturally lose
muscle mass and mobility. But also the negative impacts that bad habits such as smoking and
drinking too much have.

Some television channels offer yoga, Pilates, and even calisthenic workouts that their audience
can follow in order to stay in great physical shape.

Improved motor skills

A positive impact of mass media can be improved motor skills.

Video games for example do have a lot of positive effects on individuals, such as improving
problem-solving skills, but also improved motor skills like eye-hand coordination.

You’ll need to be very fast and be able to deliver a lot of inputs in a short amount of time.
Especially if you decide to play against other players online, which typically ups the difficulty.
Improved motor skills are important in sports, but also to keep ourselves physically healthy and
balanced.

Being unable to move well or, even worse, not being able to move at all leads to a lot of deaths at
a later age. This means that developed motor skills are a literal lifesaver.

Positive effects of mass media on society

examples

Let’s think about the current war between Ukraine and Russia for a second. It’s a terrible thing.
Many innocent people are dying, people lose limbs, are starving from hunger, and so on.

Yet, because of the media coverage, many people from all over the world are supporting these
innocent people who are currently suffering from the war by making contributions. Donations
with clothes, food, money, and even actively sheltering people who are refugees in their very
own houses.

This is one of the beneficial effects of mass media influence. It encourages empathy and
humanity from the individuals of our society. It stimulates our responsibility to help those in
need in case of natural disasters and other unfortunate situations.

Furthermore, quiz based games, educational news such as broadcasts and cooking programs
increase the literacy and capability of their audiences.

The current generation is much more educated and self-aware of their rights and what’s
happening in the world due to the increased access to media today. This is to their own, personal
benefit, but can also be beneficial to their professional career as well.

For example, knowing how much a junior engineer fresh out of college is making at the average
can help the beginning engineer to understand how much he should reasonably be asking for his
first job.

In short, when the media portrays accurate information, without their own personal bias and
propaganda, is when mass media has the most positive effect on their audiences.

People should always be conscious and skeptical of the information they’re given in life, even
the information portrayed by well known mass media channels.

That’s not to say that the presented information is automatically wrong or misguided by default.
But a healthy amount of skepticism and criticism is healthy to figure out if the information is
valid, and to keep a peaceful, well functioning society.

Always consider the source of the information, if there’s empirical evidence about the topic, and
what the current literature has to say about that subject.

Final note

Mass media has multiple benefits, but has some potential, life altering downsides as well.

In the best case scenario, it helps to maintain a peaceful, cooperative society while
simultaneously informing and educating its audience truthfully. At worst, media aids in creating
chaos and destabilizing society as a result.

As always, be critical of the information you’re receiving. Consider the source, the empirical
evidence, and your own intuition in order to get as close to the objective truth as possible.
4. Freedom of the press

Freedom of the press states that expression and communication through

published media – like in print and video – is a right. Freedom of the press is
codified in multiple documents that set international standards. A government
should not interfere with this freedom or censor media that’s critical of state
power. For years, freedom of the press has been an essential part of
democracy. In a democracy, people have the right to choose their government
either directly or by electing representatives. Why is freedom of the press so
important for democracy to thrive? What are the threats to this freedom?

Truth, accountability, and informed voting:

reasons why freedom of the press matters
A healthy democracy has guiding principles like citizen rule, fair and free
elections, the protection of individual rights, and cooperation. To ensure these
principles become a reality, a free press is important. There are three main
reasons why:

A free press fights for the truth

Freedom of the press matters because a free press uncovers the truth. There
are many issues – often very complicated ones – that journalists are trained to
analyze and explain. Without newspapers, radio shows, blogs, etc, the
average person would have little to no knowledge of what’s going on around
them. Most people lack the time and resources to investigate issues and
stories that affect them and their communities. That’s where journalists come
in. Armed with skills like research and critical thinking, the best journalists know
what questions to ask, what leads to pursue, and how to fact-check. Fact-
checking is a vital element of a free press. If the press is not able to fact-check
safely and effectively, the truth remains buried.
A free press holds power accountable
Many entities can benefit from the truth staying hidden, including
governments. One of the free press’ main missions is serving as a watchdog
on power. The press is the bridge between the people and powerful entities. If
the press is not free but instead beholden to power, it simply serves as an
extension of that power. Without freedom of the press, journalists who try to
tell the truth when it threatens the state are not protected by the law. This
makes censorship and suppression inevitable. Even if a state made it a goal
to be more truthful and transparent, there’s always an agenda they would
need to serve. In the case of corruption and human rights violations, a free press
is essential to exposing abuses of power.
A free press informs voters and strengthens democracy
Informed voting is the third reason why freedom of the press is so important.
Democracies only thrive when voters are as informed as possible. Being
informed ensures people understand the issues at hand and what policies and
politicians best represent them. The press is the body that informs by
analyzing information, encouraging discussion, and fact-checking. The freer
the press, the better informed voters can be. Without this freedom, voters
would be at the mercy of politicians and special interest groups that want to
win elections and promote specific legislation. It would be very difficult and
time-consuming for voters to do all their work on their own. A strong media
makes the process less complicated and offers valuable insight.

How freedom of the press is threatened

The press is threatened around the world. Some places are worse than
others, but even in democracies, press freedom can face many challenges.
Organizations like Reporters Without Borders track the number of journalists
harassed, imprisoned, or killed. This info gives the world a sense of how
serious the problem is. There are many threats to a free press, including:
Legal threats
Legal threats like libel and privacy lawsuits, source intimidation, and
subpoenas for confidential information drain money and resources from news
sources, delay or block stories, and make people afraid to talk to journalists.

Governmental threats
Government officials can make a journalist’s job much harder and even
dangerous. Actions include threatening to take away licenses, using
inflammatory language against the press, and tracking or even arresting
journalists. This abuse of power sows distrust in journalists, makes them a
target for violence, and dampens the media’s ability to get out important
stories.

Harassment and physical violence

Being a journalist can be a very dangerous job. Harassment is very common,
especially for female journalists. Stalking, threatening, doxing, and trolling all
serve to intimidate journalists and discourage them from working. Harassment
can escalate to physical violence and include attacks, bomb threats, stolen
equipment, and murder.

Protecting freedom of the press

What helps ensure that the press stays free and flourishing? Legislation that
protects journalists and freedom of the press is one of the most important
steps. “Shield laws,” which are laws that provide journalists with an absolute
or qualified privilege to refuse to reveal their sources, are found in many
places. A shield law protects both the journalist and their source. In the United
States, there is no federal shield law, so many activists are working toward
this goal. On an individual level, citizens can help protect freedom of the press
by staying informed about threats to press freedom and efforts to support free
media. Supporting local newspapers is another way to stay informed and
ensure that the issues most relevant to your daily life are being reported on.
For the sake of democracy, freedom of the press is a right that every entity in
society must care about and commit to protecting.

5. Effects of social media on people.

Negative Effects of Social Media

Social media has become a ubiquitous part of our lives, with billions of
people worldwide using platforms like Facebook, Instagram, Twitter, and
TikTok every day. While these platforms have many benefits, including
connecting us with friends and family, providing access to information, and
facilitating social movements, they also have psychological effects that are
not always positive. In this blog post, we'll explore how social media affects
our mood, self-esteem, and relationships.
1. Mood
Social media can have a significant impact on our mood. Studies have
found that using social media for just 30 minutes a day can increase
feelings of anxiety and depression. This is because social media can be a
source of stress, as we compare ourselves to others and feel pressure to
present a perfect image of ourselves online.

For example, when we see other people's carefully curated Instagram

feeds, we may feel like our own lives are inadequate. This can lead to
feelings of envy and dissatisfaction, as we strive to keep up with the
seemingly perfect lives of others. Similarly, social media can be a breeding
ground for negative comments and cyberbullying, which can take a toll on
our mental health.

On the other hand, social media can also have positive effects on our
mood. For example, it can provide a source of social support, connecting
us with friends and family members who live far away. Social media can
also be a way to find information and resources about mental health and
connect with others who are struggling with similar issues.

2. Self-Esteem
Social media can have a significant impact on our self-esteem. Studies
have found that young people who spent more time on social media had
lower self-esteem and greater feelings of social isolation. This is because
social media can make us feel like we're not measuring up to others, as we
compare ourselves to the carefully crafted online personas of our peers.

For example, when we see other people's carefully posed selfies or

vacation photos, we may feel like we're not attractive or successful enough.
This can lead to a negative cycle of comparing ourselves to others, feeling
bad about ourselves, and seeking validation through likes and comments.

However, social media can also have positive effects on our self-esteem.
For example, it can be a way to showcase our talents and
accomplishments and to receive positive feedback from others. Social
media can also be a way to find like-minded individuals who share our
interests and values, which can boost our sense of belonging and self-
worth.

3. Relationships
Social media can have both positive and negative effects on our
relationships. On the one hand, social media can be a way to stay
connected with friends and family members who live far away and to share
experiences and memories with others. For example, we can use social
media to post photos from a family vacation or to wish a friend happy
birthday.

On the other hand, social media can also have negative effects on our
relationships. For example, it can be a source of conflict and jealousy in
romantic relationships, as partners may feel threatened by the attention
their significant other is receiving from others online. Social media can also
be a way to maintain superficial connections with people we don't actually
care about while neglecting our real-life relationships.

Moreover, social media can also have significant effects on our ability to
form and maintain social relationships, especially for young people. Studies
have also found that teenagers who spent more time on social media
reported feeling less socially competent, and had fewer face-to-face
interactions with friends. This is because social media can provide a false
sense of social connection, which can lead us to neglect our real-life
relationships.

In conclusion, social media has both positive and negative effects on our
psychological well-being and relationships. While it can be seen as a
positive and fun thing that everyone uses nowadays - providing us with
social support, information, and a sense of belonging - it can also cause
stress, anxiety, and feelings of inadequacy. It is important to be mindful of
our social media use and to prioritize real-life relationships, while also
taking advantage of the benefits that these platforms can offer. By doing
so, we can maintain a healthy balance between our online and offline lives,
and foster positive relationships both on and off the screen.

1. Reduces Face-to-Face Interaction

When you are on social media more often, not only do you spend less quality
time with people who are physically present in your life, but they will quickly
get annoyed when you’re mindlessly scrolling through social media platforms
instead of paying attention to them.

Social media can be great for finding support when you aren’t able to interact
face-to-face with those around you, but being physically present with
someone offers a level of comfort and support that social media will never be
able to rival.

When we speak with someone face-to-face, non-verbal cues are just as

important as what we’re saying. On social media, non-verbal cues are
eliminated, making communication more complicated and causing
misunderstandings, even between the best of friends.

The best thing you can do (when possible) is to put down your phone and go
out with friends or family.

2. Increases Cravings for Attention

If you’re wondering why social media is bad, the cravings for attention it
causes is one big reason. Posting vague statuses on Facebook to grab others
attention could easily become a nasty habit for people who use social media
frequently. The never ending competition for likes and notifications can
consume you.

Unfortunately, social media sites, such as Facebook and YouTube, have

taken this need for attention to the extreme by allowing us to request attention
at any given moment by posting updates and photos. Unfortunately, as
MacDonald points out, “When you present a curated version of yourself to the
world, any approval that you get is not for your full and whole self.”[1]

On social media, we are getting attention for being a constructed version of

ourselves, not our genuine selves. This leaves us receiving lots of attention
and yet feeling more lonely and isolated than before, creating many negative
effects of social media in our lives.

3. Distracts From Life Goals

It’s so easy to get wrapped up in what’s going on in social media that people
will neglect their real life goals. Instead of aiming for the dream job by
obtaining useful skills, people tend to strive for internet stardom.

Achieving goals takes hard work and a good deal of motivation. Social media
allows an easy outlet to distract us when we don’t feel like putting in the hard
work, and we can end up going down a path where we simply don’t get things
done because it becomes too easy to find a distraction.

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4. Can Lead to a Higher Risk of Depression

According to recent studies, the more people use social media, the more
negative feelings they experience, including depression[2]. This could be
particularly harmful to people who have been previously diagnosed with
anxiety and depression.

It has been suggested that these negative feelings and depressive symptoms
come from increased social comparisons and a lack of social interaction
caused by spending more time on social media. If you’re beginning to notice
that you’re feeling down on a regular basis, recognize that this is one of the
negative effects of social media and that it’s probably time to take a break.

5. Relationships Are More Likely to Fail

No good comes out of online displays of jealousy and snooping. It may seem
like an easy option when it comes to dealing with relationships, but in reality, it
does more damage than good. In fact, studies show that the more a person
uses Facebook, the more likely they will be to monitor their partner, which
leads to arguments and crumbling relationships.[3]

If you genuinely value your relationship, stop constantly checking your

Facebook, and plan a date night out—and maybe leave your phones at home.

6. Stunts Creativity
I can speak from personal experience that social media is the easiest way to
stunt, or even kill, the creative process. Surfing social media sites has a
numbing effect on the mind that is similar to mindlessly watching television.

Creativity often requires intense focus or a relatively clear, relaxed mind.

Social media gets in the way of both. If you’re looking for a creative solution to
a problem, try going for a walk, meditating, or even discussing the problem
with a friend. All of these will provide better results than taking to social media.

7. Encountering Cyberbullies
People feel too comfortable on the web and say things they wouldn’t normally
say in real life. If you’re not the one saying horrible things, you’re still
inevitably going to be exposed to it, which is one of the many negative effects
of social media.

Cyberbullying, whether it’s directed at you or not, will lead to more negative
thoughts and likely a more negative perspective on humanity as a whole.
Getting out in the world and seeing the random acts of kindness that people
offer in real life is the perfect antidote to this.

8. Social Comparison Reduces Self-Esteem

It’s easy to present a certain persona on social media. Many choose to post
gorgeous vacation photos or a post about their new baby, but what you don’t
see is all the messy stuff in between. As we only see the good stuff, it can
lead to social comparison.

One study found that “participants who used Facebook most often had poorer
trait self-esteem, and this was mediated by greater exposure to upward social
comparisons on social media”[4]. What this means is that when we see others’
lives that we deem to be better than ours, our self-esteem goes down.
If you’re still not clear on why social media is bad for mental health, the
answer is that social media exacerbates the above problem by forcing us into
constant social comparison, which will inevitably cause mental health
problems and social anxiety, especially in young people.

9. Loss of Sleep
The light emitted from your various screens tricks your mind into thinking it’s
not time for you to sleep, which can cause one of the most common negative
effects of social media: sleep deprivation. Getting enough sleep each night is
already difficult enough without extra complications.

One study on teenagers found that those “heavier social media use was
associated with poorer sleep patterns”[5]. The same is often true for adults who
come home, crash on the couch, and spend the rest of the evening surfing
social media only to find that midnight has come and gone.

10. Lack of Privacy

Between social media websites saving (and selling) your personal data and
the whole NSA mess involving unsolicited government access of personal
data[6], including email, Skype calls, and so much more, it’s very clear that
privacy and the internet don’t mix well.

More and more, employers are taking to social media to review potential hires’
pages. Posting each and every thought could lead them to develop a negative
perception, causing you to lose out on opportunities.

The Bottom Line

When used correctly and sparingly, social media can be a great way to
connect with others when face-to-face interactions are impossible. However,
it’s important to know about the negative effects of social media and to limit
the time you spend in the digital world in order to avoid getting lost there. Try
cutting back on your online time, and get out into the world again.

6. The role of media in contemporary politics

Important Roles of Media in Politics

Legacy media was responsible for communicating information to the public. The
new age media is doing so much more. From influencing elections to holding
politicians accountable, let’s discuss the diverse role of media here.
1. The Information Powerhouse: Shaping Public Perception
a) Media’s Role as the Fourth Estate
Often referred to as the Fourth state, media holds a lot of power in today’s world.
Contrary to popular belief, media channels and platforms do not simply
communicate important information, they also influence society and hold
institutions accountable.
It acts as a watchdog and sheds light on the personal and professional lives of
politicians. The role of media in most free countries is critical because it
empowers citizens with knowledge and allows them to scrutinize society.
b) Framing and Agenda-Setting: Impact on Public Opinion:
How an issue is perceived has more to do with how it is framed than anything
else. Media channels and platforms are involved in agenda setting, building
narratives, and framing issues thus influencing public perception and response.
In doing so, the media can highlight and emphasize upon certain aspects of a
given incident or story while neglecting or downplaying the others. This is an
important tool of manipulation and can reduce objectivity for impressionable
minds.
c) Bias and Objectivity: Navigating the Media Landscape
Like all other institutions, media is also influenced by biases and influences. This
can manifest in reporting, storytelling, or analysis on talk shows. Complete
objectivity was unattainable, even for legacy media channels.
However, the advent of social media has reduced responsible journalism and
allowed for more bias to creep into these channels of communication. A good
way to sort through these issues is to navigate media landscapes with
discernment.
2. The Political Circus: Media’s Influence on Elections
a) The Evolution of Political Campaigns in the Media Age:
Candidates who used to rely solely on traditional rallies and door-to-door
canvassing are now using media channels to get their message across. The
political campaigns are glorified and candidates leverage these platforms to twist
facts and present a biased worldview to their supporters.
The world saw this happen in the recent US election between Donald Trump and
Joe Biden. Both politicians were heavily invested in running their political
campaigns online.
b) Role of Debates and Political Advertisements
Modern political campaigns include two main components: political
advertisements and debates. The former is often a way to attract new voters to
the mix. Debates on the other hand offer a way for politicians to present their
arguments, highlight their goals and aspirations for the future, and talk about key
policy issues surrounding their country.
It is worth noting that politicians spend a hefty amount on political
advertisements. According to some reports, US politicians spent more than $9.7
billion on political advertisements in 2022.
c) Social Media’s Disruptive Force: Amplifying Voices
Social media, a transformative force in the status quo, is used for political
campaigning, engagement, and dissemination of information. It allows politicians
to connect with their constituents directly and present information about
themselves in a favorable light.
Additionally, these channels offer rapid spread of misinformation and fake news
and viewers need critical thinking and analysis to extract truth from the plethora
of news.
3. Media’s Most Important Role: Accountability and Transparency
a) Investigative Journalism: Exposing Corruption and Wrongdoing
Investigative journalism is the backbone of good media coverage. It plays a critical
role in uncovering the truth and highlighting the corruption and malfeasance of
public officeholders. Journalists who do their homework well and tend to present
unbiased and objective analyses of issues help raise accountability and
transparency for everyone involved.
Through fearless reporting and rigorous research, journalists like Jamal Khashoggi
of Saudi Arabia go to any lengths to uncover the truth.
b) Holding Public Officials Accountable: Case Studies
Journalism can change the tides for politicians and transform the status quo.
Recent examples where journalists have held politicians accountable prove this.
The Panama Papers revelations and the Watergate scandal highlighted the power
of journalists to expose the highest level of corruption.
These cases not only changed the lives of these politicians but also fueled public
demand for corruption-free practices and ethical governance.
c) Whistleblowers and Leaks: Shaping Political Discourse
Often debated and called unethical, whistleblowers and leaks play an essential
role in unveiling the most hidden truth about politics and politicians. Figures like
Chelsea Manning and Edward Snowden exposed military misconduct and
highlighted how government surveillance can be counterintuitive to success.
Moreover, they also facilitated debates on security and privacy and compelled
people to ask for more ethical standards from politicians.
4. The Digital Era: Social Media’s Revolution
a) Rise of Social Media Platforms in Political Discourse
Earlier, viewers were silent spectators of all the news that was communicated to
them. They would look at their televisions, listen to radio programs, and have no
way to respond to the news or comment directly on it. However, with the rise in
social media, viewers are no longer silent spectators, they are actively involved in
discourse generation.
Through real-time communication, these viewers can now voice their opinions,
connect with policymakers, or share information with each other. All this helps
generate discourse and makes the viewers an important stakeholder in the
process.
b) Viral Campaigns and Hashtag Activism
Hashtags like Black Lives Matter and MeToo help galvanize global audiences to
support politicians and ideologies and bring a transformative change in society.
These viral campaigns propel political causes into the spotlight and foster
increased awareness and solidarity among like-minded groups.
However, these campaigns also have a downside to them. They are criticized for
being too simplistic and not presenting a holistic picture of the issue at hand.
Moreover, in most cases, these hashtags only offer online momentum and rarely
get translated into any real, tangible change.
c) Fake News and Misinformation
The rise in fake news and misinformation is part of popular political discourse. It
poses a profound threat to democratic practices and can spread like wildfire.
False narratives are often glorified and can easily manipulate public opinion.
Additionally, fake news can undermine the trust in leadership and make people
question the authenticity of legitimate news as well. One needs fact-checking
mechanisms, algorithms, and media literacy to escape the menace of fake news.
5. Mediating Diplomacy: International Relations and Media
a) Diplomacy in the Age of Live Reporting
Diplomats, politicians, and other important stakeholders in politics had to rely on
traditional channels of communication to get their message across. Now, they can
address global audiences in real-time. This allows them to be the first person to
respond to any given situation.
This fosters transparency and engagement, however, it also leads to new
challenges. It allows politicians to manipulate statements and events and deliver a
false narrative to the audience.
b) Role of Media in Shaping International Perceptions
The role of media in politics goes beyond a specific country. It also impacts how
nations interact with each year. Look at how countries like China and America
reported the Russia-Ukraine war.
Where the former painted Russia as a defender of their rights, the latter painted
Russia as an aggressor. Naturally, the proponents of each country accepted the
narrative that was presented to them.
c) Soft Power and Cultural Diplomacy through Media
Most developing and developed countries use media as a tool to yield their soft
power and promote their culture. Through entertainment channels and
platforms, countries can highlight their story and their perspective through films,
movies, music, and documentaries.
This cultural exchange fosters mutual understanding, transcending political
differences. However, the challenge lies in preserving authenticity amidst
commercial interests and avoiding the perception of propaganda.
6. The Dark Side: Media Manipulation and Propaganda
a) Historical Precedents: Propaganda’s Influence on Political Movements
In the face of persuasive rhetoric, critical analysis is very important. Throughout
history, we have seen how media manipulation and propaganda have swayed
public opinion.
Look at the propaganda done by Nazis in World War II or the Soviet-era
campaigns that manipulated the public. One could see wartime posters that
delivered persuasive messages and drove ideological shifts among viewers.
b) Modern Manipulation Techniques: Deepfakes and Disinformation
Today, posters and pamphlets are not the only ways to spread disinformation and
lead the public astray. With the rise of social media, politicians can fabricate
content and spread narratives that suit their facade.
Deepfakes use advanced technology to create realistic but fabricated content,
while disinformation spreads false reports to confuse and divide. Such techniques
not only harm democracy and decrease cohesion between societal institutions,
they also create a chaotic society.
c) Safeguarding Against Media Manipulation: Media Literacy Education
In the digital era, media literacy is extremely important. Citizens need to be able
to discern between sources of information. They need to learn how to identify
biases and recognize manipulation tactics.
Media literacy also empowers critical thinking. It enables individuals to navigate
through a plethora of information quickly. Individuals can learn these skills
through education and awareness. With these tools, society can become more
vigilant and not face the menace of populist leadership.
7. Future Trends: Technology and Political Communication
a) AI in Journalism: Automated Reporting and Fact-Checking
AI has been integrated into journalism in recent times. It is not only
revolutionizing the industry but also ensuring the spread of authenticated and
verified information. Automated reporting systems use algorithms and AI tools to
cross-check news and enhance efficiency. Additionally, these tools can fact-check
from a wide variety of sources and come up with the most authentic information.
However, it is worth noting that an increase in AI usage will lead to ethical
concerns. Human oversight will become limited, reducing journalistic integrity.
Creating a balance between AI usage and human oversight is key to achieving
long-term sustainability.
b) Virtual Reality and Immersive Political Experiences
In many developed countries of the world, virtual reality integration in the
political sphere has led to a revolution. Virtual reality makes for an immersive
political experience and allows the audience to participate in the political
processes. Moreover, the audience is able to escape geographic limitations and
transcend boundaries.
Despite this advancement, barriers still exist. VR technology may have fostered
empathy and understanding among the audience and the politicians, but it still
requires careful application. Unbiased engagement is key to achieving success.
c) The Evolving Role of Media: Taking Sides
Once a watchdog and commentator of politics, the role of media is expanding. It
is now picking sides and choosing to side with politicians or parties that they
support. We see this happening in the United States of America where FOX news
often sides with the right (Donald Trump and the conservatives) while other news
channels support the left (Joe Biden and the liberals).
Taking sides means that media channels can not be unbiased. They will
automatically side with the party they feel more aligned with. This is against the
essence of objective journalism.
Learn more about Media and Politics with Best Diplomats
In this rapidly changing world, it is hard to dissociate false information from the
truth. One needs active listening, critical thinking skills, and wisdom to analyze
information. With the role of media in politics expanding and influencing young
minds, it is important to develop skills that help you uncover layers of biases.
Luckily for you, Best Diplomats offers you a platform to hone your critical thinking
skills.
It is an international platform that conducts seminars, conferences, and training
programs that allow hundreds of young, capable minds to come together, enter
into discourse, and learn about the world and the politics surrounding it.
Conclusion
Introduced as a channel of communication and sharing information, media has
evolved and taken on a much more significant role in the status quo. New-age
media have undercut traditional roles and expanded their scope. The
introduction of a diverse number of channels has given viewers the choice to
discern information and use their critical thinking to reach an informed
decision.
On the other hand, the rise in multiple channels has also increased the spread of
misinformation and fake news. Politicians are using this opportunity to sway away
their voters and manipulate public perception. All in all, the media is no longer on
the sidelines; it is a force to be reckoned with in the political landscape of the
country.

7. What makes a good politician?

The world is brimming with ambitious political leaders, but sadly very few
matchups to the traits of good leadership. In fact, many political leaders appear to
be severely lacking in some of the most essential qualities of a good leader, such as
integrity and accountability. It’s no coincidence that the word “politician” has
many negative connotations. But experience tells us that there is only a handful
that comes near to the principles of leadership and shows strong indicators of a
successful political leader.
Political leaders are vital – they determine the allocation of power and money
through governmental policies, establish partnerships with other stakeholders, and
make decisions that can have a major effect on a nation’s well-being and its
citizens.
Political leadership requires a leader to focus on a country’s long-term
betterment, above and beyond any short-term personal gains. Strong political
leadership requires a mixture of charm and honesty, and the capacity to evaluate a
circumstance and make a judgment based on what will be better for the majority.
Above all, leadership in a democratic system needs statesmanship – as compared to
just becoming a ‘politician’ – which implies possessing the honesty and ability to stand
up for what is fair, even though it means resigning a government post or losing an
election.

What makes a good political leader?

1.Good communicator

Until you communicate your vision clearly to your team and tell them the strategy to
accomplish the goal, you’ll find it very difficult to get the results you want. To put it
simply, if you can’t effectively communicate your message to your team, you can never
be a good leader. Words can get people motivated and make them do the
unimaginable. If you are making effective use of them, you can also achieve better
results.

2.Honesty and Integrity

Honesty and Integrity are two main elements that make for a strong leader. How do
you demand integrity from your supporters if you neglect such qualities? Leaders excel
because they hold to their basic principles and convictions, and that won’t be possible
without ethics.

3.Decision maker

A leader should be capable of making the right decision at the right time. Leaders
take actions that have a huge effect on people. A leader should think long and hard
before taking a decision but stand by it once the decision is made.

4.Must be able to inspire others

Perhaps the toughest thing a leader to do is convince people to follow them. This will
only be done by providing a clear example and encouraging your followers. We look up
to them when the going gets tough and see how they. As a leader, you should think
optimistically, and your positive attitude should be evident from your actions. A leader
should keep cool under strain and retain a degree of encouragement. If you excel in
inspiring your colleagues, you will comfortably resolve every obstacle now and in the
future.

5.Must delegate tasks effectively

Focusing on core duties is vital for effective leadership while leaving the rest to others.
By this, I mean empowering and delegating tasks to your followers. When you try to
micromanage your employees, lack of trust can grow, and, most significantly, you won’t
be willing to work on critical things as you should. Different duties should be delegated
among the subordinates and see how they perform. Provide them with all the tools and
help they need to attain the target and allow them to bear responsibilities.

6.Man with a vision and purpose

Influential leaders have intent and vision. Not only can they imagine the future, but
they also express their dreams with their supporters. If their fans could see the larger
picture, they could understand where they are headed. A strong leader discusses why
they are going towards the path that they are heading and reveals the approach and
course of action to accomplish the purpose.

A political leader’s first goal should be representing one’s government, not just oneself.
Given the reality that politics may be complicated and often messy, a strong leader
should balance their actions with what is right for a nation and living by the maxim,” the
nation before self.” Consequently, a political leader will be able to take severe actions
in the interest of the country if required. A leader should be able to recognize unique
sector specialists who are confident. More critically, a leader should realize when it is
best to believe in authority. Leaders will have the correct expertise to take prompt and
reasonable actions based on sound judgment.

A democratic leader should also recognize the benefits and most importantly, the
disadvantages of democracy, and guide, honor, and listen to his supporters while
encouraging mutual accountability and team-work. Lastly, a political leader should
travel widely, attending important gatherings within the country and outside. This is
imperative as the leader will establish valuable networks and expertise with other
internationally renowned leaders. To put it in a nutshell, a political leader should have
a global perspective.

8. Describe a politician who is an outstanding example of an influential

and successful political leader.

Franklin Delano Roosevelt served as President from March 1933 to April 1945, the
longest tenure in American history. He may have done more during those twelve
years to change American society and politics than any of his predecessors in the
White House, save Abraham Lincoln. Of course, some of this was the product of
circumstances; the Great Depression and the rise of Germany and Japan were
beyond FDR's control. But his responses to the challenges he faced made him a
defining figure in American history.

Americans elected Roosevelt President in 1932 because they believed he could

combat the Depression more effectively than his Republican opponent, President
Herbert Hoover. Roosevelt promised a "new deal" and he certainly delivered. By
implementing a variety of innovative policies, FDR was able to pull the United
States away from the brink of economic, social, and perhaps even political, disaster
—and lay the foundation for future stability and prosperity.

Under FDR, the American federal government assumed new and powerful roles in
the nation's economy, in its corporate life, and in the health, welfare, and well-
being of its citizens. He guaranteed unions the right to organize and bargain
collectively, and the Fair Labor Standards Act established a mechanism for putting
a floor under wages and a ceiling on hours that continues to this day. He provided
financial aid to the aged, infirm, and unemployed when they could no longer
provide for themselves. It helped rural and agricultural America with price
supports and development programs when these sectors could barely survive.
Finally, by embracing an activist fiscal policy after 1937, the government assumed
responsibility for smoothing out the rough spots in the American economy.
His New Deal had to insure that the economic, social, and political benefits of
American capitalism were distributed more equally among America's large and
diverse populace. The New Deal did this to a remarkable degree. But it failed to
cure completely the Depression-induced ills of the American economy. By 1940,
the percentage of Americans without jobs remained in double digits and the
American people lacked the purchasing power to jump start the economy. Only
American entry into World War II ended this.

African Americans and women, despite a number of benefits accrued from the
New Deal, still received far fewer of those benefits than white males and, partly as
a result, remained at the bottom of the American economic ladder. The New Deal,
moreover, did nothing to ensure that rights guaranteed to all Americans via the
Constitution, such as the right to vote and the right to a fair trial, were guaranteed
to blacks.

He was largely re-elected in 1940 because Americans believed he could guide the
nation through a period of treacherous international relations. FDR correctly
understood that Japan and Germany threatened the United States, which in turn
endangered the cherished freedoms Americans enjoyed at home. With the onset of
war in 1939, FDR ably guided America's efforts to aid its allies without formally
entering into hostilities. He rallied Americans in support of a massive war effort,
both at home and abroad.

FDR hoped that the war would produce a more secure and peaceful postwar world,
and he became a major proponent of a postwar United Nations, in which the
United States would be a leading member. FDR, however, left to his successors the
thorny problem of relations with the Soviet Union, which quickly replaced
Germany and Japan as America's chief global adversary. By 1945, the United
States had become a global power with global responsibilities—and its new leaders
both understood this new reality and had the tools at their disposal to shape the
world accordingly.

FDR also reshaped the American presidency. Through his "fireside chats,"
delivered to an audience via the new technology of radio, FDR built a bond
between himself and the public—doing much to shape the image of the President
as the caretaker of the American people.

Under FDR's leadership, the President's duties grew to encompass not only those
of the chief executive—as implementer of policy—but also chief legislator—as
drafter of policy. And in trying to design and craft legislation, FDR required a
White House staff and set of advisers unlike any seen previously in Washington.
The President now needed a full-time staff devoted to domestic and foreign
policies, with expertise in these areas, and a passion for governance.
In sum, President Roosevelt greatly increased the responsibilities of his office.
Fortunately for his successors, he also enhanced the capacity of the presidency to
meet these new responsibilities.

Amidst his policy achievements, Roosevelt's personal qualities stood out — his
charisma, empathy, and resilience. Overcoming the personal adversity of polio,
FDR became a symbol of perseverance. His pragmatic and adaptable leadership
style allowed him to navigate complex issues, leaving an enduring legacy that
transformed the nation's political and social landscape. In essence, Franklin D.
Roosevelt's presidency was a multifaceted tapestry of bold policies, international
stewardship, and personal attributes that forever shaped America's trajectory.

9. What should politicians do to appeal to young voters?

1. Authenticity Matters:
Authenticity is a cornerstone for connecting with young voters. Politicians must
not only articulate their beliefs but also showcase genuine vulnerability and
compassion. Sharing personal experiences related to mental health, diversity, and
economic challenges can establish a human connection. Additionally, consistency
between stated values and actions is crucial. Young voters appreciate leaders who
not only talk the talk but walk the walk, taking decisive actions that align with their
professed values.
2. Creating a Future Young Voters Want:
Addressing the pressing issues that shape the future is vital. Beyond
acknowledging problems like the pandemic, climate change, and economic
hardships, politicians should present practical and actionable solutions. Discussing
plans for affordable housing, job creation, and student debt relief in a tangible
manner resonates with young voters. By providing a roadmap for a better future,
politicians can instill hope and engage the younger generation in shaping the world
they will inherit.
3. Supporting a Diverse and Inclusive Society:
Acknowledging historical injustices and committing to tangible steps for
reconciliation and inclusivity is key. Politicians should actively engage with
marginalized communities, co-create plans with measurable accountability metrics,
and ensure regular updates. This involves not only addressing past wrongs but also
actively participating in difficult conversations about Canada's history and society,
advocating for a society where every voice is heard and valued.
4. Reaching the Right People Through Social Media:
Recognizing the shift in information consumption habits, politicians need a
nuanced approach to social media. Authenticity is paramount – young voters can
discern genuine conversations from attempts to appear "cool." By delivering
targeted, personalized content, political parties can control their narrative and
mobilize support. Social media can be a powerful tool for building grassroots
movements, but it requires a thoughtful strategy that prioritizes meaningful
engagement over superficial attempts to appeal to the youth.
5. Making Voices Feel Heard:
To foster youth engagement, politicians must create platforms for meaningful
participation. This involves not only aligning with issues important to young voters
but actively seeking their input. Town halls, digital forums, and open dialogues can
bridge the gap between politicians and the youth. Demonstrating a commitment to
listening and responding to the concerns of young Canadians will make them feel
valued and increase their trust in the political process.
6. Embracing Technology and Innovation:
Understanding and embracing technological advancements is crucial for politicians
looking to connect with young, tech-savvy voters. Articulating policies that
promote innovation, address privacy concerns, and support industries like clean
energy sends a message of forward-thinking leadership. Pledging to invest in
research and development, as well as fostering an environment that encourages
entrepreneurship, showcases a commitment to a future driven by technological
progress.
7. Prioritizing Environmental Sustainability:
Environmental issues, particularly climate change, are at the forefront of young
voters' concerns. Politicians should not only acknowledge the urgency of
environmental challenges but also present clear and realistic plans for sustainable
practices. Advocating for green technologies, renewable energy sources, and
alignment with international climate agreements demonstrates a commitment to
creating a more sustainable and ecologically responsible future.
8. Engaging in Authentic Conversations on Social Issues:
Open and authentic discussions about social justice issues are imperative.
Politicians should actively participate in conversations surrounding racial equality,
gender equality, and LGBTQ+ rights. Acknowledging the complexities of these
issues, actively seeking input from affected communities, and advocating for
tangible policy changes contribute to a more just society. Actions, combined with
genuine dialogue, demonstrate a commitment to social progress.
9. Simplifying Political Processes and Communication:
The complexity of political processes can be a barrier for many young voters.
Politicians should strive to simplify communication, breaking down policy details
into easily understandable language. Utilizing various communication channels,
including social media platforms, ensures that information reaches a broader
audience. By demystifying political processes, politicians can make politics more
accessible and encourage greater participation from the younger demographic.
10.Collaborating with Youth Organizations and Activists:
Building alliances with youth organizations, activists, and influencers strengthens a
politician's connection with the younger generation. Actively engaging with these
groups provides valuable insights into the concerns of young voters. Collaborative
efforts, whether through joint initiatives or partnerships, not only demonstrate a
commitment to listening but also create a sense of shared responsibility in shaping
the political landscape. This collaborative approach fosters a more inclusive and
dynamic political discourse.

Electioneering Tactics to Win Constituents' Votes:

Successful election campaigns employ a multifaceted approach, utilizing various
strategies to connect with voters and secure their support. Crafting compelling
campaign messages is pivotal, addressing key issues, emphasizing qualifications,
and presenting a visionary outlook. For instance, a candidate advocating for
affordable healthcare might share personal stories or statistics to underscore the
urgency of the issue. Emotional appeal and connection are crucial components, as
voters are more likely to support candidates who resonate with their values and
concerns.
Candidates also establish a strong ground game, organizing volunteers for door-to-
door canvassing, phone banking, and community events. This personal touch not
only builds personal connections with voters but also allows candidates to directly
address specific local concerns. Community engagement events, town halls, and
meet-and-greets provide platforms for candidates to listen to constituents, creating
a two-way dialogue that fosters trust and understanding.
Media presence plays a pivotal role in shaping public perception. Candidates
leverage traditional outlets, such as TV, radio, and newspapers, and modern
platforms like social media and podcasts. Interviews and debates allow candidates
to showcase their positions, while advertisements convey key messages to a
broader audience. Social media, in particular, facilitates direct engagement with
voters, enabling real-time interactions and feedback.
Political endorsements from influential figures within the community or political
arena bolster a candidate's credibility. These endorsements signal to voters that
respected individuals believe in the candidate's abilities and align with their values.
Additionally, endorsements may bring along the supporter's network, broadening
the candidate's reach.
Financial resources are vital for running a successful campaign. Candidates engage
in fundraising through various avenues, including individual outreach, events, and
online platforms. Adequate funds are crucial for advertising, travel, staff salaries,
and other campaign expenses. An effective fundraising strategy allows candidates
to remain competitive and maintain visibility throughout the election cycle.
Data analytics plays a pivotal role in targeting specific voter demographics. By
understanding the preferences and concerns of different groups, candidates can
tailor their outreach efforts. This personalized approach ensures that campaign
messages resonate with diverse constituencies, increasing the likelihood of voter
support.
Issue advocacy is another crucial tactic where candidates articulate well-researched
and feasible policy solutions. Whether it's addressing economic challenges,
environmental concerns, or education reform, a clear and comprehensive stance on
key issues demonstrates competence and provides voters with a roadmap for what
the candidate intends to accomplish.
Debates and public forums provide opportunities for candidates to showcase their
knowledge, debating skills, and ability to address challenging questions. These
events allow voters to directly compare candidates, understand their positions, and
make informed decisions based on their performance.

10.Electioneering Tactics to Win Constituents' Votes:

Successful election campaigns employ a multifaceted approach, utilizing various
strategies to connect with voters and secure their support. Crafting compelling
campaign messages is pivotal, addressing key issues, emphasizing qualifications,
and presenting a visionary outlook. Candidates establish a strong ground game,
organizing volunteers for door-to-door canvassing, phone banking, and community
events to build personal connections with voters. Media presence, spanning
traditional outlets and modern platforms, facilitates widespread communication
through interviews, debates, and targeted advertisements. Political endorsements
from influential figures bolster a candidate's credibility, signaling alignment with
respected values.
Financial resources are vital, prompting candidates to engage in fundraising
through individual outreach, events, and online platforms. Data analytics help
tailor outreach efforts to specific voter demographics, ensuring personalized
communication. Issue advocacy allows candidates to articulate well-researched
policy solutions, showcasing competence and addressing constituent needs.
Debates and public forums provide opportunities for candidates to display
knowledge and debating skills, allowing voters to make informed decisions.
Voter Fraud:
Voter fraud encompasses various illegal actions aimed at manipulating election
outcomes, with differing definitions contributing to ongoing debates.
Types of Voter Fraud:
1. Casting Illegitimate Ballots: Individuals knowingly voting despite
ineligibility, such as noncitizens or felons.
Example: In a notable case, individuals cast votes using fraudulent identities,
impacting the accuracy of election results. The consequence was legal action
against those involved, highlighting the severity of such actions.
2. Absentee Ballot Fraud: Obtaining and filling out an absentee ballot without
the actual voter's knowledge.
Example: Instances where individuals intercept and manipulate absentee ballots
led to increased scrutiny and calls for improved ballot security measures.
3. Voter Impersonation: Pretending to be another voter during the voting
process.
Example: Reports of individuals attempting to vote multiple times by
impersonating others at polling stations raised concerns about the vulnerability of
the electoral system. This prompted calls for enhanced identification verification.
4. Vote Buying: Illegitimate exchanges of goods, services, or money for votes.
Example: Allegations of candidates or supporters offering incentives in exchange
for votes resulted in legal repercussions and reinforced the need for stringent anti-
corruption measures in elections.
5. Ballot Petition Fraud: Fraudulent actions related to the gathering of
signatures for ballot initiatives or candidate nominations.
Example: Cases where false signatures were submitted to qualify candidates or
initiatives for the ballot led to increased scrutiny of petition verification processes,
emphasizing the importance of safeguarding the integrity of signatures.
6. Duplicate Voting: Voting more than once in the same election under
different identities.
Example: Instances where individuals exploited loopholes to cast multiple votes
using different identities resulted in legal consequences, prompting calls for
improved voter registration and identification systems.
 7. False Registrations: Registering fictitious individuals or using false
information to manipulate voter registration records.
Example: Reports of individuals submitting false voter registrations to artificially
inflate support for a particular candidate or party underscored the need for robust
verification processes in voter registration.
Consequences:
The consequences of voter fraud extend beyond legal repercussions for individuals
involved. They include erosion of public trust in the electoral process, potential
legal challenges to election outcomes, and the need for heightened security
measures to maintain the integrity of democratic processes. Cases of voter fraud
often lead to calls for reforms, such as improved identification and verification
procedures, to safeguard the fairness and legitimacy of elections. Public awareness
campaigns and educational initiatives also play a crucial role in preventing voter
fraud and preserving the integrity of the democratic system.