1.

WB Page 32 no 5

Y = (x2 – 1) (1+x)3 , u = x2 – 1 , u’= 2x

v = (1+x)3 , v’= 3(1+x)2(1) = 3(1+x)2

y’ = u’v + uv’

= 2x(1+x)3 + (x2 – 1) 3(1+x)2

= (1+x)2 [2x(1+x) + 3(x2 – 1)]

= (1+x)2 [2x+2x2 + 3x2 – 3]

= (1+x)2 [5x2 + 2x– 3]

= (1+x)2 (5x -3)(x+1)

= (1+x)3 (5x -3)

y‘ = 0

0 = (1+x)3 (5x -3)

1+ x = 0 ⇔ x = -1
X = {-1, 3/5}
5x -3 = 0 ⇔ x = 3/5

2. Page 31 no 2b
Optimisation

dy
 For y = f(x), the derivative measures the instantaneous rate with which y changes with respect
dx
to x
dy
 is an “ INSTRUMENT” to measure and describe the rate of change between the variable
dx
x ( independent variable and y (dependent variable )
 the dependent variable = y = value of function achieves a maximum or minimum value when the
dy
rate measurer ( ) is numerically zero.
dx
Example :

1. Page TB 73 no 1

Solution :
3
( v−20) 400
C = +
v
+ 200 ,v> 0
5000
1
(v−20) + 400 v--1 + 200
3
=
5000
1
(3) ( v −20 ) (1) + ( -1) 400 v—1-1 + 0
2
C’(v) =
5000
3
= ( v−20 )2 - 400 v -2
5000

- 400
2
3(v−20)
= 2
5000 v

To find the speed the truck hourly cost to be minimized ,C’(v) = 0

- 400
2
3(v−20)
0 = 2 …. ( eliminated the denominator by multiplied 5000 v2)
5000 v
2 2
0 = 3v ( v−20) – 2 000 000

v -20. …- -20. … -20. …+ or 40. ...- 40. ... 40. ...+

 Y’ + 0 - 0 +

Hence C has a local minimum when v = 40.3 km-1h-1

3
( v−20) 400
Minimum cost = C = +
v
+ 200
5000
3
( 40.2737−20) 400
V = 40.2737 kmh-1  C = +
40.2737
+ 200 = $211.60
5000

2. TB page 77 no 6

a.
b.

a. Marginal cost = $1.40

( From C(x) = 3.20 + 1.40 x, the cost will Marginal cost(Marginal cost refers to the
increase or decrease in the cost of producing
increase $1.40 if we change the value of x ) one more unit or serving one more customer. It
Profit = Revenue – Cost is also known as incremental cost.

= 0.1x2 – 0.001x3 – (3.20 + 1.40 x)

= – 0.001x3 + 0.1x2 - 1.40x – 3.20

Marginal profit = P’ = (3)( – 0.001x2 ) +(2) 0.1x - 1.40 The marginal profit is the derivative of the
profit function, which is based on the cost
= – 0.003x2 + 0.2x - 1.40
function and the revenue function
b. P’ = 0 ⇔ – 0.003x2 + 0.2x - 1.40 = 0
3x2 + 200x – 1 400 = 0

The value of x that will maximise the profit is 58.71924 ≈ 59

The value of x that will maximise the marginal profit is P” = 0

P’ = – 0.003x2 + 0.2x - 1.40

P” = – 0.006x + 0.2 = 0

0.2 = 0.006x 200 = 6x ⇔ x =33.333… ≈ 33

Exponential Growth & Decay

 Exponential growth and decay apply to quantities which change rapidly.
 Exponential growth and decay have been derived from the concept of geometric progression.
Quantities that do not change as constant but change in an exponential manner can be termed as
having an exponential growth or exponential decay.
 The simplest representation of exponential growth and decay is the formula
x
Y = ab ,

where : 'a' is the initial quantity,

'b' is the growth factor which is similar to the common ratio of the geometric progression,
For exponential growth, the value of b is greater than 1 (b > 1), and
for exponential decay, the value of b is lesser than 1 (b < 1).

 Exponential growth finds applications in studying bacterial growth, population increase, money
growth schemes. Exponential decay refers to a rapid decrease in a quantity over a period of time.

The exponential decay can be used to find food decay, half-life, radioactive decay. The formulas of
exponential growth and decay are as presented below.

In the above formulas the 'a' or Po is the initial quantity of the substance.
Further for exponential growth b = 1 + r = ek and for exponential decay we have b = 1 - r =
e-k.
Example :

WB page 95 no 1

(1mark )

Initial amount : 800

(1mark )
- 0.04 (7)
T = 7 days  A = 800 e
= 604.6 gr
(2 marks )

-0.04 (14)
T = 14 days  A = 800 e
= 456.97 g

The amount of radioactive has decayed = 800 – 456.97 = 343 g

The half amount of radioactive = 400 g

- 0.04 (t)
400 = 800 e

400 - 0 .04 (t)

=e
800
1
ln ( ) = - 0.04 t ln e
2
1
ln ( ) = - 0.04 t (1)
2
1
ln ( ) = - 0.04 t ln e
2
1
ln( )
2 = t = 17.33
0.04
Hence the half life is 17.33 days
Incremental Change / Small Change