ENGR 4760U: Ethics, Law

and Professionalism for

Engineers
Module 1: The Engineering
Profession

ENGR4760U 1.1
Outline - 1: The Engineering Profession

1.1 History of Engineering

1.2 The Profession of Engineering
1.3 Professional Engineers Ontario (PEO)
1.4 Engineering Licensure in Ontario
1.5 Professional Misconduct
1.6 Discipline in Professional Engineering
1.7 Accreditation of Engineering Programs
in Canada
ENGR4760U 1.2
1.1 HISTORY OF ENGINEERING

ENGR4760U 1.3
 Engineering

 Whatis engineering and what do

engineers do?
 Engineers design and make things that
people need or want, and solve problems
 Emphasis of utility, economics, safety, …
 Not science or applied science

ENGR4760U 1.4
Historical Development of Engineering:
Foundation
 “Engineer” comes from the Latin ingenium
(cleverness, intelligence, genius)
 First engineers were civil engineers
(meaning civilian as opposed to military)
 Naval and military engineers followed

ENGR4760U 1.5
Historical Development of Engineering:
Origins
 Old
 Greeks and Romans
had superb
engineers, who
marched with their
armies
 Persians could build
great bridges
(Hellespont in 480
BC)
ENGR4760U 1.6
Historical Development of Engineering:
Industrial Revolution
 Fueled by engineers
in the 18th to 19th
centuries
 Concept of regulation
became critical, as
people were being
hurt or killed by poorly
done engineering

ENGR4760U 1.7
Historical Development of Engineering:
20th & 21st Centuries
 Major advances in all fields
 Imagine what life would be like without
engineers?
 Increasing focus on problems
 Safety and health, environmental impact,
sustainability, ethics

ENGR4760U 1.8
 Regulating Engineers

 As the 19th century progresses, more

public pressure to regulate the area
 Anyone could claim to be an “engineer”

ENGR4760U 1.9
 Case Study 1: High Pressure Boilers

 Low-pressure boilers
 40,000 deaths in the
19th century
 Led to developments
in thermodynamics
and metallurgical
engineering
 By 20th century,
hardly any deaths

ENGR4760U 1.10
 First Step to Regulation

 Apprenticeship programs
 Problems:
 Too slow
 Did not scale well
 No quality control

ENGR4760U 1.11
 Case Study 2: Québec Bridge

 Galvanized Canada into regulating

engineering

ENGR4760U 1.12
 Québec Bridge Plan

 Was to bridge St Lawrence at Lévis, just

south of Québec City
 Had to be a cantilever design because of
sea traffic up the St. Lawrence
 Firth of Forth bridge (Scotland) had been
built earlier, so design was sound
 Planned start date 1905; finish date 1908

ENGR4760U 1.13
 Québec Bridge Events

 Picked Cooper, an American engineer

from NYC (best bridge-builder in world)
 Deck design 8,000,000 pounds too light
 Trouble seen in small bendings
 Cooper never saw the site
 Collapsed 29 August 1907, killing 75
workers
 Finished 1919, by a Canadian
ENGR4760U 1.14
 Québec Bridge Results

Collapse Today

ENGR4760U 1.15
 Aftermath of Québec Bridge Disaster

 Realization that engineering needed to be

regulated
 Began a 30 year process towards
professionalization

ENGR4760U 1.16
 Definition of Profession

“a self-selective, self-disciplined group of

individuals who hold themselves out to the
public as possessing a special skill derived
from training and education and are
prepared to exercise that skill in the interests
of others”

ENGR4760U 1.17
 Law Also Needed to Regulate

 Itis illegal to practice engineering unless

you are “certified” by the profession
 Involves numerous criteria
 Now it is normally the case that you must
be a graduate of an accredited
engineering program at a university (or
equivalent)

ENGR4760U 1.18
 Why Do We Need Regulation?

 Protectionof the public

 Need to guarantee quality
 Not a guarantee that we never fail
 Engineers learn from failure

ENGR4760U 1.19
 Engineering Failures
Tacoma Narrows Bridge, Challenger Space Shuttle,
Washington, U.S., 1940 U.S., 1986

Aeroelastic flutter caused by a 42 O-ring seal failure in solid rocket booster

mph (68 km/h) wind shortly after liftoff, due to cold weather

ENGR4760U 1.20
 Top 5 Symptoms of Troubled Projects

1. Critical issues in meeting

milestones/completing deliverables
2. High risk that project will not deliver anticipated
results
3. Project forecasted to be unacceptably late
4. Project is unacceptably behind schedule now
5. Critical technical issues with the project

Center for Business Practices, “Troubled Projects, Apr 2006

ENGR4760U 1.21
 Top Reasons for Poor Project
Performance
1. When serving on team, employees not relieved of
routine duties 84%
2. Employees do not receive project management
training 80%
3. Teams not given enough resources 69%
4. Project teams throughout organization fail to follow a
standard project management methodology 62%
5. Right people not on team 55%
6. Teams do not have clear, attainable goals 46%

PM Network May 2006 (Quality Progress magazine)

ENGR4760U 1.22
 Other Reasons for Poor Project
Performance
 Use of new/unproven technologies
 Vendors not meeting commitments
 Poor estimates
 Lack of requirements definition
 No risk management

ENGR4760U 1.23
 Engineering Successes

 Confederation Bridge ($1G, on-time)

 Fixed link from PEI to NB
 1993-1997
 Four years, 1 billion $
 On-time, on-budget, on-quality
 Longest span over ice-covered waters in the
world (12.9 km)
 Millau Gorge Bridge ($600M, 5 years)

ENGR4760U 1.24
Confederation Bridge, Canada

ENGR4760U 1.25
Millau Gorge Bridge, France

ENGR4760U 1.26
1.2 THE PROFESSION OF
ENGINEERING

ENGR4760U 1.27
 Definition of Professional Engineering
(Ontario)
Any act of planning, designing, composing,
evaluating, advising, reporting, directing or
supervising
that requires the application of engineering
principles
and concerns the safeguarding of life,
health, property, economic interests, the
public welfare or the environment,
or the managing of any such act
ENGR4760U 1.28
 Examples of Professionals

 Engineers
 Doctors
 Nurses
 Lawyers

ENGR4760U 1.29
 Examples of Non-Professions

 Computer science
 Natural science in general
 Professional sports
 Garbage collection (“sanitation engineers”)

ENGR4760U 1.30
 Authority

 Mandated by Law in each of the 62 legal

North American jurisdictions
 Is in provincial/state jurisdiction
 In Ontario,
 Professional Engineers Act
 Regulation 941 (as mandated by above)

ENGR4760U 1.31
 Evolution of Licensing Laws

 1887 – CSCE meeting

 Morphed into Engineering Institute of
Canada (EIC) in 1918
 Initially engineers were apprenticed
 EIC led charge to get it into universities
 Wyoming first to regulate engineering in
1907

ENGR4760U 1.32
 “Closing” of the Profession

 Began in 1922
 Finished in Ontario in 1937
 Must be licensed to call yourself an
“engineer”

ENGR4760U 1.33
 Regulation is a Provincial Matter

 12 bodies in
Canada
 50 bodies in U.S.
 Rest of the world
regulates
differently or does
not regulate

ENGR4760U 1.34
 Canadian Licencing Bodies
Association of Professional Engineers and Geoscientists of British Columbia (APEGBC)
Association of Professional Engineers, Geologists and Geophysicists of Alberta (APEGGA
Association of Professional Engineers and Geoscientists of the Province of Manitoba
(APEGM)
Engineers and Geoscientists New Brunswick
Association of Professional Engineers and Geoscientists of Saskatchewan (APEGS)
Engineers Nova Scotia
Engineers PEI
Association of Professional Engineers of Yukon (APEY)
Northwest Territories and Nunavut Association of Professional Engineers and
Geoscientists (NAPEG)
Ordre des ingénieurs du Québec (OIQ)
Professional Engineers and Geoscientists of Newfoundland and Labrador (PEGNL)
Professional Engineers Ontario (PEO)

ENGR4760U 1.35
 Key Items in All Engineering Acts

 Purpose of the Act

 Legal definition of an engineer
 Procedure of establishing the Association
 Standards for admission
 Procedures for establishing regulations
 Procedures for establishing bylaws to govern the
Association
 Code of Ethics
 Disciplinary procedures
ENGR4760U 1.36
 Relevant Engineering Bodies

 Associations (e.g., PEO)

 OSPE (Ontario Society for Professional
Engineers)
 Engineers Canada business name of
CCPE (Canadian Council of Professional
Engineers)
 CEAB (Canadian Engineering
Accreditation Board)
ENGR4760U 1.37
 PEO

 Regulates engineering
 Grants licenses to engineers (P.Eng.
designation)
 Disciplines members and enforces
regulations
 And more

ENGR4760U 1.38
 OSPE

 Promotes and supports excellence in all

aspects of engineering by:
 Enhancing professional recognition of
Ontario's engineers by advocating to
governments and employers
 Increasing the public profile of Ontario's
engineers by proactive communications
 Advancing the economic interests of Ontario's
engineers by offering continuing education,
career advancement and affinity programs
ENGR4760U 1.39
 CCPE

 Established in 1936
 Federation of all provincial and territorial
associations that licence engineers
 Tries to coordinate all engineering
activities in Canada

ENGR4760U 1.40
 Engineers Canada

 “Brand name” of CCPE (as of 2009)

 Coordinates 12 provincial/territorial bodies
 Coordinates accreditation of all
engineering programs in Canada, through
Canadian Engineering Accreditation Board
(CEAB)

ENGR4760U 1.41
 Canadian Engineering Qualifications
Board (CEQB)
 Deals with matters concerning
qualifications for entering the engineering
profession
 Particularly important for evaluation
foreign applicants
 Part of Engineers Canada

ENGR4760U 1.42
 Canadian Academy of Engineering

 Elitebody of about 750

 Fellows are elected
 Generally promotes the profession

ENGR4760U 1.43
 Governing Relationships
Provincial Government

Professional Engineering Act

election member
Council Professional Assoc. of PEs CCPE

licence
Admission
CEAB
Communication Licenced Engineer

Discipline member

Professional Engineering CEQB

Development Societies
ENGR4760U 1.44
 Organizational Responsibilities
82% of final year engineering students identified PEO as the organization responsible for licensing engineers in Ontario, while 65%
named PEO the body that regulates the practice of professional engineers. Less than half knew that PEO issues certificates of
authorization to companies offering engineering services (39%) and that OSPE advocates on behalf of the engineering profession (37%).
27% correctly named Engineers Canada as the organization that accredits university engineering programs, via the Canadian Engineering
Accreditation Board.

Which Organization is Responsible for Each of the Following Activities ?

PEO OSPE Engineers Canada (EC) Don't know / Unsure
82% PEO
(n=740) 82%

65% PEO
(n=592) 65%

PEO OSPE
39% 37%
CEAB
39% 39% 27%
(n=352) (n=352)
37%
(n=338)
30% 29%
24% (n=269) 27% 28%
(n=260)
(n=254) (n=142)

18% (n=216)

(n=159) 14% 16%

12% (n=144)
(n=108)
9% 8% (n=127)
8% 9%
4% (n=85)
(n=71) (n=76) (n=83)

(n=38)
2%
(n=21)

Licences P.Eng. Regulates practice of Eng. Issues Certificates of Advocates on behalf of Eng. Accredits University Eng.
Authorization profession programs
ENGR4760U 1.45
Q9. Please indicate the organization responsible for each of the activities/ procedures listed below. Base: All respondents 2009, n=907; not asked in 2008
 Demographics of Licensed Engineers
in Canada (≈2015)
YT
SK
QB
PEI
ON
NS Male
NWT Female

NF
NB
MA
BC
AB

0 10,000 20,000 30,000 40,000 50,000 60,000 70,000

ENGR4760U 1.46
1.3 PROFESSIONAL ENGINEERS
ONTARIO (PEO)

ENGR4760U 1.47
 Ontario’s Engineering Association
(PEO)
 Who: Licensed members
 Why: Execute several objects related to
engineering in Ontario
 Principle objects
 to regulate the profession of professional
engineering
 to govern its members so that the public
interest may be served and protected

ENGR4760U 1.48
 Additional Objects of PEO

 Establish, maintain and develop

 standards of knowledge and skills among
members
 standards of qualification and standards of
practice for the profession of engineering
 standards of professional ethics
 Promote public awareness of PEO
 Perform other duties as specified

ENGR4760U 1.49
 Legal Authority

 Law of Ontario
 Professional Engineers Act 1984, 1990,
2011
 Regulation 941
 Notes:
 Each of 12 Associations in Canada has an act
 Necessary for any “profession”

ENGR4760U 1.50
 PEO Formal Definition of Practice of
Professional Engineering (repeated)
 “anyact of planning, designing,
composing, evaluating, advising, reporting,
directing or supervising that requires the
application of engineering principles and
concerns the safeguarding of life, health,
property, economic interests, the public
welfare or the environment, or the
managing of any such act”

ENGR4760U 1.51
 Exclusion in Definition of Practice of
Professional Engineering
 Definitionused to include “but does not
include practicing as a natural scientist”
 Nonetheless there are boundaries
between engineering and science

ENGR4760U 1.52
 Professional Engineer (P.Eng.) Seal

 Issued by Provincial
Association
 Engineer must
 affix the seal to final
products/works and
 sign and date

ENGR4760U 1.53
 Certificate of Authorization (C of A)

 Engineer or company must have a

Certificate of Authorization to offer
engineering services to the public
 Must be a P.Eng. to get a C of A
 TheC of A is acquired by an Engineer or
Corporation which
 Identifies the P.Eng. who is responsible for
the work, and
 Obtains liability insurance
ENGR4760U 1.54
 PEO Council

 Governingbody of PEO
 Manages and administers its affairs
 Appoints
 CEO
 Registrar and Deputy Registrars
 Other PEO key staff

ENGR4760U 1.55
PEO’s Five Regions

ENGR4760U 1.56
 Composition of Council

 Members
 3 elected at large
 2 from each of the 5 regions
 Two elected by members as President-
Elect and Vice-President
 President, VP (appointed), Past-President
 Councillors appointed by Lieutenant
Governor in Council
ENGR4760U 1.57
 Major Committees of PEO Council

 Nominating  Discipline
 Executive  Enforcement
 Fees Mediation  Consulting
 Registration Engineering
 Academic Designation
Requirements
 Experience
Requirements

ENGR4760U 1.58
 Nominating Committee

 Suggests candidates for Council positions

 Runs the elections

ENGR4760U 1.59
 Executive Committee

 President, President-Elect, Past President

(immediate), 2 VPs, 1 or more Council
members as appointed
 Acts for Council in emergencies but must
report
 Act as appointed by Council
 May advise CEO on matters of policy
 May make plans, reviews, forecasts, etc.
 Reports to CCPE ENGR4760U 1.60
 Fees Mediation Committee

 Members appointed by Council

 Adjudicates complaints regarding fees of
engineers
 Manages complaints in this area

ENGR4760U 1.61
 Registration Committee

 Adjudicates licence applications

ENGR4760U 1.62
 Academic Requirements Committee

 Assesses academic requirements for

licensure
 Makes recommendations to registrar
 Decides on what examinations must be
taken by applicant

ENGR4760U 1.63
 Experience Requirements Committee

 Checks the licence application experience

 Can request interview
 Can demand English competency

ENGR4760U 1.64
 Discipline Committee

 Disciplines licensed engineers where

appropriate

ENGR4760U 1.65
 Enforcement Committee

 Advises PEO Council on matters relating

to the enforcement of the provisions of the
Professional Engineers Act dealing with
unlicensed and unauthorized practice
 Usually applies to non-members of PEO
(i.e, non-licensed people)
 Examples: Stop a person from
 practicing engineering without a license
 using the term P.Eng. when not licensed
ENGR4760U 1.66
1.4 ENGINEERING LICENSURE IN
ONTARIO

ENGR4760U 1.67
 Four Types of Licences

 License
 Temporary License (for non-residents)
 Provisional License (under the supervision
of a P.Eng.)
 Limited License

Note: Only holders of licences and temporary

licences are “professional engineers” according to
the Act
ENGR4760U 1.68
 Provisional Licence

 Issued to applicant for professional engineer (P.Eng.)

licence who has satisfied all of PEO’s licensing
requirements except for the minimum 12 months of
verifiable and acceptable engineering experience in a
Canadian jurisdiction, under the supervision of a
professional engineer licenced in the jurisdiction in which
the work was undertaken
 Necessary qualifications for provisional licence:
 satisfied PEO’s academic requirements for licensing
 passed PEO’s Professional Practice Examination
 demonstrated to PEO’s satisfaction at least 36 months of acceptable
and verifiable engineering experience outside of Canada (for
applications received after June 30, 1998)
ENGR4760U 1.69
 Limited Licence
 A licence to practise professional engineering within an
approved limited scope
 Issued to an individual who has developed competence
in a certain area of professional engineering
 Requirements:
1. Hold a three-year degree or diploma in an engineering, technology or
science program or have equivalent educational qualifications, with
knowledge that corresponds to the scope of services within the
practice of professional engineering to be provided under the limited
licence
2. Have a total of 8 years of experience in engineering work, not
including years obtaining post-secondary academic training (with
specific details)
3. Pass the Professional Practice Examination
4. Be of good character ENGR4760U 1.70
 Temporary Licence

 Issued on a project and discipline basis for a maximum

period of twelve months from approval
 Often for engineers from outside Ontario
 Qualifications: Equal to those required for issuance of a
licence as a professional engineer (or wide recognition in
the field of engineering in respect of the work for which a
Temporary Licence is requested) and at least 10 years
of experience in that field
 Collaboration with an Ontario-licensed professional
engineer is required to ensure that the engineering work
complies with Canadian and Ontario codes, standards,
and laws governing the work
ENGR4760U 1.71
 Consulting Engineering Designation

 Allows one to call one’s self a Consulting

Engineer
 Must have 5 years as a P.Eng.
 Other criteria

ENGR4760U 1.72
 PEO Membership Requirements

 Canadian citizen (or permanent resident)

 Not less than 18
 Have appropriate academic qualifications
plus passed PEO exams if mandated
 Completed experience requirements (4
years; 1 in Canada)
 Good character

ENGR4760U 1.73
 Licensing Process of PEO

Application Licence
received by PEO awarded

Evaluation of Professional Evaluation of Approval by

academic Practice engineering PEO Registrar
qualifications Examination experience

ENGR4760U 1.74
 Experience

 Generally must have

4 years experience
 Has to be in an
engineering area,
preferably under a
P.Eng.
 Experience needs to
be current

ENGR4760U 1.75
 Quality/Kind of Experience

1. Application of theory
2. Practical experience
3. Management of engineering
4. Communications skills
5. Social implications of engineering

ENGR4760U 1.76
 Experience Credits

 Must have at least 12 months under a

P.Eng., in Canada
 Can ask to count up to 12 months for
postgraduate work
 Can also ask to count undergraduate work
experience if relevant (up to 12 months)
 After half of engineering program completed

ENGR4760U 1.77
 Are you Practising
Professional Engineering?
 Yes, if you carry out activities meeting definition
of professional engineering
 Then you must be licenced by the Association
 Recall Ontario definition:
 “any act of planning, designing, composing,
evaluating, advising, reporting, directing or
supervising that requires the application of
engineering principles and concerns the safeguarding
of life, health, property, economic interests, the public
welfare or the environment, or the managing of any
such act”
ENGR4760U 1.78
 Certificate of Authorization (C of A)

 A licence issued by PEO to allow individuals and

business entities to offer and provide
professional engineering services to the public,
as distinct from a Licence issued to individuals to
practise professional engineering.
 Section 12(2) of Professional Engineers Act:
 "No person shall offer to the public or engage in the
business of providing to the public services that are
within the practice of professional engineering except
under and in accordance with a certificate of
authorization."
ENGR4760U 1.79
 Need C of A to provide engineering
services to the public
 If you "hang out your shingle"; advertise and
promote yourself - either personally or through a
legal entity such as a company or partnership -
as offering professional engineering services, a
C of A is required.
 If you provide professional engineering services
to the public through the sale of a product that is
custom-designed or an original (as opposed to
an off-the-shelf product), a C of A is required.

ENGR4760U 1.80
 Need C of A to provide engineering
services to the public (cont.)
 If you work for others, but offer professional
engineering services directly to the public on a
part-time, moonlighting, or volunteer basis, you
must hold a C of A.
 Under these circumstances, you should also, as a
matter of professional courtesy, inform your employer
that you are undertaking such work, so as to avoid
potential conflicts of interest. In addition, you should
provide your client with a written statement of the
nature of your status as an employee and the
attendant limitations on your services to the client.

ENGR4760U 1.81
 Possible Exceptions

 May not need C of A

if doing engineering
for employer or
yourself
 However, if the firm
requiring your
engineering expertise
offers a contract for
service, a Certificate
of Authorization will
likely be required
ENGR4760U 1.82
Likely Need a C of A if Your Firm Hires
You Out and ...
 your contract indicates an independent contract or
relationship, or the firm purchases your time from an
agency
 you are free to provide your business services to more
than one firm
 you invoice the business for your time
 you are not paid if services are not performed
 you are not covered by the firm's professional liability
insurance
 you are not restricted as to hours of work
 you receive no vacation pay or bonuses
ENGR4760U 1.83
 C of A Requirements and Penalties

 Requirements to obtain a C of A
 P.Eng.
 5 yrs of professional experience (after degree)
 Penalty
(Sec. 40) for not having a C of A
when needed
 up to $25,000 for first offence
 up to $50,00 for subsequent offences

ENGR4760U 1.84
1.5 PROFESSIONAL
MISCONDUCT

ENGR4760U 1.85
 Professional Misconduct (PEO)

a) Negligence (as specifically defined)

b) Failure to make reasonable provision for
the safeguarding of life or property of a
person who may be affected by the work
c) Failure to act to correct or report a
situation that the practitioner believes may
endanger the safety or welfare of the
public

ENGR4760U 1.86
 Professional Misconduct (cont.)

d) Failure to make reasonable provisions for

complying with applicable statutes,
regulations, standards, codes, by-laws
and rules in the work
e) Signing (sealing) a report, final drawing,
specification, plan or other document not
actually prepared or checked by the
practitioner

ENGR4760U 1.87
 Professional Misconduct (cont.)

f) Failure to present clearly to the employer,

consequences to be expected from a
deviation proposed in the work, if the
practitioner is overruled by a non-
technical authority where the practitioner
is the technical authority
g) Breach of the Act, other than an act that
is solely a breach of the code of ethics

ENGR4760U 1.88
 Professional Misconduct (cont.)

h) Undertaking work that the practitioner is

not competent to perform by virtue of
training and experience
i) Failure to make prompt, voluntary and
complete disclosure of any conflict of
interest to the public, employer or client
j) Any act that would be reasonably
regarded by the profession as disgraceful,
dishonourable or unprofessional
ENGR4760U 1.89
 Professional Misconduct (cont.)

k) Failure to abide by the terms, conditions

of the licence, temp. licence or certificate
l) Failure to supply documents requested by
an investigator under sec. 34 of Act
m)Assisting anyone who is not a practitioner
in the practice of professional
engineering, except as provided for in the
Act or regulations
n) Harassment
ENGR4760U 1.90
 Negligence Definition

 An act or omission in the carrying out of

the work of a practitioner that constitutes a
failure to maintain the standards that a
reasonable and prudent practitioner would
maintain in the circumstances

ENGR4760U 1.91
 Harassment Definition

 Engaging in a course of vexatious

comment or conduct that is known or
ought reasonably to be known as
unwelcome and that might reasonably be
regarded as interfering in a professional
engineering relationship

ENGR4760U 1.92
 Included Conflicts of Interest

 Accepting compensation in any form for a

service from more than one party
 Submitting a tender or acting as a
contractor on any work upon which the
practitioner is performing engineering
 Participating in the supply of material or
equipment to be used by employer or
client

ENGR4760U 1.93
 Included Conflicts of Interest (cont.)

 Contracting in the practitioner’s own right

to perform professional engineering
services for other than the practitioner’s
employer
 Expressing opinions or making statements
concerning the practice of engineering of
public interest where the opinions are
inspired or paid for by other interests

ENGR4760U 1.94
1.6 DISCIPLINE IN
PROFESSIONAL ENGINEERING

ENGR4760U 1.95
 Discipline Committee (Sec. 28)

 Hear and determine allegations of

professional misconduct by professional
engineers when directed by Council
 Hear and determine cases under Sections
24, 27 or 37
 Perform such duties as assigned by
Council

ENGR4760U 1.96
Conditions for Professional Misconduct
Finding
 Conditions for Discipline Committee to find
one guilty of professional misconduct
 Practitioner is guilty of an offense relevant to
suitability to practise
 Practitioner is guilty of misconduct in the
Discipline Committee’s opinion as per the
definition

ENGR4760U 1.97
Conditions for Discipline Committee to
Declare Practitioner Incompetent
 Lack of knowledge, skill, judgment or lack
of welfare for the public in carrying the
professional engineering work (covered
under Sec. h of Professional Misconduct
definition)
 Physical or mental condition making it
desirable to restrict or prohibit the
practitioner from practising engineering

ENGR4760U 1.98
 Sanctions Discipline Committee can
Apply
a) Revoke license (or C of A)
b) Suspend for up to 24 months
c) Accept practitioner’s word to limit the
professional work to a specified extent
d) Require practitioner to take specified
courses
e) Impose licence restrictions

ENGR4760U 1.99
 Sanctions Discipline Committee can
Apply (cont.)
f) Require that practitioner be reprimanded,
admonished or counselled and that this
may be recorded on the Register for a
stated or unlimited period of time
g) Revoke the designation of specialist or
Consulting Engineer
h) Impose a fine of up to $5,000

ENGR4760U 1.100
 Sanctions Discipline Committee can
Apply (cont.)
i) Publish the case
j) Force practitioner to pay costs
k) Suspend the penalty imposition until
 completion of a course
 presentation of proof that handicap has been
overcome

ENGR4760U 1.101
 Discipline: Licence Restrictions

 Require practitioner to
 engage in professional engineering only
under the personal supervision of a Member
 “not alone engage”
 report to the Discipline Committee or its
designee
 Require periodic inspections by the
Discipline Committee or designee

ENGR4760U 1.102
 Discipline: Publishing the Case

 Discipline Committee
may order, with or
without reasons,
details or a summary
of case be published
in official publication
of Association (blue
pages of Engineering
Dimensions) with or
without name of
member
ENGR4760U 1.103
1.7 ACCREDITATION OF
ENGINEERING PROGRAMS IN
CANADA
ENGR4760U 1.104
 CEAB Accreditation Process: Origin
and Role
 Canadian Engineering Accreditation Board
Established in 1965 by CCPE
 Role
 test and evaluate undergraduate engineering
programs offered at Canadian universities
and to award recognition to programs which
meet the required standards
 Aimsto ensure all graduates of accredited
programs are good engineers
ENGR4760U 1.105
 Structure of CEAB

 Composed of 15 professional engineers

from private, public and academic sectors
 Members are volunteers
 Represent different parts of the country
and different engineering disciplines
 Is a standing subcommittee of the CCPE
 Liaises with the Provincial Associations
 Terms of reference are defined in the
CEAB Policy Statement ENGR4760U 1.106
 Current Status in Canada

 Approx. 40 universities have at least 1

accredited engineering program
 Some colleges/institutes have accredited
engineering programs
 There are approx. 300 accredited
programs presently

ENGR4760U 1.107
 Sample Canadian Accredited
Engineering Programs
 Aerospace  Communications
 Agricultural  Computer
 Automotive  Computer Systems
 Bioresource  Electrical
 Biological  Electronic Systems
 Building  Engineering
 Ceramic Chemistry
 Chemical  Engineering Physics
 Civil  Engineering Science
ENGR4760U 1.108
 Sample Canadian Accredited
Engineering Programs (cont.)
 Environmental  Manufacturing
 Environmental  Materials
Systems  Mathematics & Eng.
 Extractive Metallurgy  Mechanical
 Forest  Metallurgical
 Geological  Mining
 Geomatics  Nuclear
 Industrial  Petroleum
 Integrated  Software
ENGR4760U 1.109
 Accreditation Assessment

 Assesses
 engineering program
 its environment (eg, resources, faculty,
facilities, safety)
 Involves program documentation
verification and usually onsite visit (meet
administrators, faculty, staff, students)
 For a new program, occurs when first
students are in their last year of studies
ENGR4760U 1.110
 Visiting Team

Composition Qualifications
 Team chair  Significant experience
 Vice-chair (academic and non-
 One or more program
academic)
visitors  High standing in the

 One or more general

program profession
visitors  Ability to assess modern

 Observers or extra
engineering curricula in
visitors terms of overall
objectives

ENGR4760U 1.111
Accreditation Curricular Criteria: Input
Based
 Mathematics
 Natural Science
 Engineering Science
 Engineering Design
 Complementary
Studies

ENGR4760U 1.112
 Accreditation Curricular Criteria:
Outcomes-Based
1. A knowledge base for 7. Communication skills
engineering 8. Professionalism
2. Problem analysis 9. Impact of engineering
3. Investigation on society and the
4. Design environment
5. Use of engineering tools 10. Ethics and equity
6. Individual and team 11. Economics and project
work management
12. Life-long learning

ENGR4760U 1.113
 Possible Accreditation Decisions

 Denial
 1-2 year (immediate action needed)
 3 year (action needed)
 4-5 year (alignment with other programs)
 6 year (satisfactory, maximum allowed)

ENGR4760U 1.114