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Osteoporosis: A Silent Threat to Bone

Health
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Introduction to Osteoporosis
Definition: A bone disease characterized by
decreased bone density and quality

Prevalence: Affects millions worldwide, especially

postmenopausal women and the elderly.

Importance of awareness: Often goes

undetected until a fracture occurs
Etiology and Risk Factors
Primary osteoporosis: Related to aging and
decreased sex hormones.

Secondary osteoporosis: Resulting from

medications or other conditions.

Risk factors: Gender, age, family history, body

frame size, and certain medical conditions
 Causes of Osteoporosis
Hormonal imbalances: Reduced
estrogen or testosterone

Dietary factors: Insufficient

calcium and vitamin D intake

Lifestyle choices: Sedentary lifestyle,

excessive alcohol, and smoking

Medical conditions and medications

that affect bone health
 Symptoms and Signs of
Osteoporosis

Signs: Fractures
Often from minor falls or
Symptoms: Back
asymptomatic in injuries, particularly
pain, loss of
early stages in the hip, spine, or
height over time,
stooped posture wrist
Diagnosing Osteoporosis
Bone Mineral Density (BMD) tests: DEXA
scan as the gold standard

FRAX score: Assessing fracture risk

based on individual patient profiles

Laboratory tests: To rule out secondary

causes
 Prevention Strategies
Nutrition: Adequate intake of
calcium and vitamin D
Exercise: Weight-bearing and
muscle-strengthening activities
Lifestyle: Avoiding smoking and
excessive alcohol consumption
Bone health screenings: Regular
BMD tests as recommended
 Treatment Options

Lifestyle
Fall prevention:
Calcium and modifications: Diet
Home safety
vitamin D and exercise plans
assessments and
supplementation
balance training
 Bisphosphonates including alendronate
(Fosamax), risedronate (Actonel), and
ibandronate (Boniva)

SERMs (hormone therapies that manage

how estrogen works) such as tamoxifen &
Pharmacological raloxifene

treatments Denosumab is a bone anti-resorptive

drug

Teriparatide is a synthetic form of the

natural human parathyroid hormone.
 Conclusion

Osteoporosis is a preventable and treatable condition.

Importance of early detection and lifestyle changes.
Encouragement for at-risk individuals to seek screening
and medical advice
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