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Nature of Loads Nature of Loads

The load that an individual customer or a group of customers
presents to the distribution system is constantly changing. Every
time a light bulb or an electrical appliance is switched on or off,
the load seen by the distribution feeder changes
1. Demand
} Load averaged over a specific period of time
} Load can be kW, kvar, kVA, or A
} Must include the time interval
} Example: the 15-minute kW demand is 100 kW
Distribution System Design
Load’s Characteristics
2. Maximum Demand
} Greatest of all demands that occur during a specific time
} Must include demand interval, period, and units
} Example: the 15-minute maximum kW demand for the week
was 150 kW
3. Average Demand
} The average of the demands over a specified period (day,
week, month, etc.)
} Must include demand interval, period, and units
} Example: the 15-minute average kW demand for the month was
350 kW

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Nature of Loads Nature of Loads Nature of Loads

4. Diversified Demand 6. Maximum Non-coincident Demand 9. Load Factor
} Sum of demands imposed by a group of loads over a particular
} For a group of loads, the sum of the individual maximum } Ratio of the average demand of any individual
period
demands without any restriction that they occur at the
} Must include demand interval, period, and units
same time customer or group of customers over a period to the
} Example: the 15-minute diversified kW demand in the period maximum demand over the same period
ending at 9:30 was 200 kW } Must include demand interval, period, and units
} Example: the maximum non-coincident 15-minute kW 10. Diversity Factor
5. Maximum Diversified Demand demand for the week was 700 kW } Ratio of the maximum non-coincident demand to the
} Maximum of the sum of the demands imposed by a group of
loads over a particular period maximum diversified demand
} Must include demand interval, period, and units
7. Demand Factor 11. Load Diversity
} Example: the 15-minute maximum diversified kW demand for } Ratio of maximum demand to connected load
the week was 500 kW } Difference between maximum non coincident demand
and the maximum diversified demand
8. Utilization Factor
} Ratio of the maximum demand to rated capacity
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