UMA CHARAN PATTNAIK

ENGINEERING SCHOOL
BERHAMPUR

SEMINAR ON COMPUTER NETWORK

UNDER THE GUIDANCE OF
KRISHNA REDDY

STUDENT NAME - SEEMRAN PATRO

BRANCH – CIVIL
Transmission mode
Networking concept
A computer network is a collection of two or more computers, which are connected two or more
computers, which are connected together to share information and resources.

It is a combination of hardware and software that allows communication between computers

over a network.

Protocol
A protocol is a set of rules that the communication set of rules that the communication between
computers on a network.

Most important sets of internet protocols are TCP/IP, HTTPS, SMTP, and FTP.

Connecting Media
Connecting media of a network refer to the transmission media used in the network.

It refers to the physical media through which communication signals can be transmitted from one
point to another.

It can be divided into two broad categories

1) Guided Media

2) Unguided Media

Guided Media:
The data signal in guided medium is bound by the cabling system that guide the data signal along
a specific path.

It consists of a cable composed of materials like copper, tin or silver.

Basically, they are divided into three categories:

(a) Ethernet cable or Twisted Pair:

In this pair, wires are twisted together, which are surrounded by an insulating material and an
outer layer called jacket.

A twisted pair consists of two conductors (copper)

Ex- LAN Cable

(b) Coaxial Cable:

It carries the signal of higher frequency data communication through the network.

It is commonly used in transferring multi-channel television signals in cities.

Ex- cable TV network

(c)Fiber – Optics Cable:

It is made up of glass or plastic and transmits signals in the form of light from a source at one
end to another end.

The speed of Optical fiber is hundreds of times of faster than coaxial cables.

Ex-Wavelength Division Multiplexing, SONET network.

Unguided Media:
It is the transfer of information over a distance without the use of enhanced electrical conductors
or wires.

When the computers in a network interconnected and data is transmitted through waves, then
they are said to be connected through unguided media.

Some commonly used unguided media of transmission are –

1. Radio wave transmission

2. Micro wave transmission

3. Satellite communication

4. Infrared wave transmission

5. Bluetooth.

Date Transmission mode

The way in which data is transmitted from one place to another is called Data transmission mode
or data communication mode or directional modes.

There are mainly 3 types of data transmission modes are-

1. Simplex mode
2. Half –duplex Mode

3. Full –duplex mode

Simplex mode
In simplex mode, data can flow in only one direction.

In this mode, a sender can only send data and cannot receive it.

Similarly, a receiver can only receive data but cannot send it.

Ex- Radio, Television etc.

Half –duplex Mode-

In half-duplex mode, data can flow in both directions but not at a same time.

In this mode, data is sent and received alternatively.

Ex- walkie-Talkie

Full-Duplex Mode

In full Duplex-mode, data can flow in both directions at the same time.

Ex- Mobile phone.