SSB CE

1. Can you describe what a projection line is?

Projection line can be described as the way in which the earth is displayed on a flat
piece of paper.
2. Can you list out the various steps involved in the concreting process?
The main steps involved in the concreting process are as follows:
• Batching • Mixing • Transporting and placement of concrete • Compacting
3. List out the reinforcements that are used in the process of prestressing.
There are three primary types of reinforcements that are used in the prestressing
process. They are:
• Spalling Reinforcements. • Equilibrium Reinforcements. • Bursting Reinforcements.
4. How would you describe the soundness of cement?
Cement soundness can be described as a property which ensures that the cement
does not go through any appreciable expansion or experience any change in
volume once it has been set. This process helps get rid of any possibilities of the
mortar or concrete from getting disrupted.
5. Explain Fatigue. Can you point out some of the structures that may be
subjected to fatigue?
Fatigue can be described as the gradual damage to a structure that occurs when it
is subjected to cyclic loading (repeated loading and unloading). Some of the
structures that may be subjected to fatigue include:
• Bridges that are heavily loaded • Hydraulic Presses • Aircrafts • Concrete Reservoirs
• Pylons • Turbines • Overhead cranes • Transmission towers • Offshore platforms •
Burners trains
6. Describe the various types of slump test indications.
Slump tests are initiated to empirically measure the consistency of fresh concrete
before it sets. They can also be used to check for an improperly mixed batch of
concrete as well. There are three different types of slumps that occur in slump tests
listed as below:
• True Slump • Shear Slump • Collapse Slump
7. Explain the concept of built up area and super built-up area.
Built up area includes the carpet area as well as any space occupied by walls, pillars,
and ducts. In most cases, the built-up area is calculated as an excess of 10% of the
carpet area.
The super built-up area covers the built-up area as well as any areas that used by
building amenities such as life passages, lobby, stairs, gym, clubhouse, etc.
8. What are some of the common roof types?
There are several types of roofs available. Some of the commonly used ones include:
• Gable roof • Gambrel roof • Shed roof • Half-hipped roof • Dutch Hip roof • A-
Frame roof • Skillion roof • Folded Plate roof • Gull wind roof • Bell cast roof •
Sawtooth roof

Here is an additional list of eight civil engineering interview questions that may be
asked by your interviewer during the interview.
a. Can you point out the various methods of curing concrete?
b. Explain how to calculate the least count of the theodolite.

Total station 1 Second

Theodolite 20 Second

Prismatic compass 30 Minute

Surveyors compass 15 Minute

c. What do you mean by the fineness of cement?

The fineness of cement is a measure of the size of particles of cement and is
expressed in terms of the specific surface area of cement.
d. Can you explain why separation membranes are used between concrete
pavement slab and sub-base?
(i) It prevents the loss of water from cement paste which affects the strength
of concrete slab.
(ii) It enhances the movement of concrete slab relative to sub-base layer and
reduces the frictional forces developed at their interface.
(iii) It avoids the possibility of active aggressive agents from soil water being
attached to the concrete slab.
(iv) It prevents the intermixing of freshly placed concrete with loose materials
on the surface of sub-base
e. Can you point out why steel plates are inserted inside bearings in case of
elastomeric bearings?
To increase the compression stiffness of elastomeric bearings, metal plates
are inserted.The purpose of the elastomeric bearings is to support a bridge or
other heavy structure in a way that permits the load to shift slightly, in a
horizontal direction, relative to the ground or foundation.
f. Can you list out some of the common ways of demolition?
Demolition means destruction, tearing down, breakup, removal of the whole
parts of building, normally demolition is done when the life of building is over or to
construct a new structure by replacing the older one, also it is carried out when the
structure lost its stability or having any structural damage.
Demolition techniques
· Non Engineering Demolition
o Manual Demolition
· Engineering Demolition
o Mechanical Method
Mechanical Method:
1. Wrecking Ball Method
2. Pusher Arm technique
3. Thermic Lance Technique
4. Non – Explosive Demolition
5. Concrete Sawing Method
6. Deliberate Collapse Method
7. Pressure Jetting
o Implosion
o Deconstruction Method
g. Why should you avoid curing by ponding and polythene sheets?
Disadvantages of Ponding Curing
The method is used for flat surfaces like pavements and floors.
Ponding curing needs to be done under continuous supervision by
professional labors.
Cold wind affects ponding.
After curing, a large amount of water needs to be disposed of the curing side.
Disadvantages of Polythene Sheets
The method is based on the theory that concrete will not be exposed in the
air and no evaporation takes place. The followings are the reason why should you
avoid curing by polythene sheets.
Polythene sheets can be easily blown off.
This does not work in windy weather.
Polythene sheets may cause discoloration.

h. Point out the major differences that exist between auto level and dumpy level.
Compared to an automatic level, a dumpy level is easier to manipulate but
requires more precision from the surveyor. Surveyors will not need to make as many
adjustments to a dumpy level as they would to an automatic level, as dumpy levels
can retain adjustments for a longer period of time.

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1. What are the steps involved in the concreting process, explain?

Batching,Mixing,Transportation,Compaction,Curing. (apps)
2. Describe briefly the various methods of concrete curing.
Shading,covering the surface, ponding, sprinkling water,membrane curing ,
steam curing
Initial setting :
Final setting :
3. What do you understand by “preset” during the installation process of
bridge bearings?
“Preset” is a method to reduce the size of upper plates of sliding bearings
in order to save cost.
4. Why are steel plates inserted inside bearings in elastomeric bearings?
The purpose of the elastomeric bearings is to support a bridge or other
heavy structure in a way that permits the load to shift slightly, in a horizontal
direction, relative to the ground or foundation.
To increase the compression stiffness of elastomeric bearings, metal plates
are inserted. After the addition of steel plates, the freedom to bulge is restricted and
the deflection is reduced when compared with bearings without any steel plates
under the same load.
5. What reinforcements are used in the process of prestressing?
The function of reinforcement in prestressed concrete is to provide initial
compressive stress in concrete in the tension zone.
Reinforcements used in the process of prestressing: Especially in case of
prestressing, we are using strands of Steel and it's called tendons. Tendons are
made of high strength Steel.
Three major types of reinforcement used in prestressing?
(i) Spalling reinforcement Spalling stresses are established behind the loaded area
of anchor blocks and this causes breaking away of surface concrete. These stresses
are induced by strain incompatibility with Poisson’s effects or by the shape of stress
trajectories.
(ii) Equilibrium reinforcement Equilibrium reinforcement is required where there
are several anchorages in which prestressing loads are applied sequentially.
(iii) Bursting Reinforcement Tensile stresses are induced during prestressing
operation and the maximum bursting stress occurs where the stress trajectories are
concave towards the line of action of the load. Reinforcement is needed to resist
these lateral tensile forces.

6. In the design of bridge arguments what considerations should be made to

select the orientation of the wing walls?
There are three common arrangements of wing walls in bridge abutments based
on Dr. Edmund C Hambly (1979):
(i) Wing walls parallel to abutments This is the simplest and shortest time to
build but is not the most economical design. This design has the advantage that it
has least disturbance to existing slope embankment.
(ii) Wing walls at an angle to abutments This is the most economical design
among the three options in terms of material cost.
(iii) Wing walls perpendicular to abutments Though it is not the most
economical design, the wing walls provide a continuous alignment with bridge
decks which provide supports to parapets.

7. In case if concrete box girder bridges how is the number of cells determined?
If the depth of a concrete box girder bridge exceeds 1/6 or 1/5 of the total
bridge width then the single-cell box girder bridge is recommended. But if the
depth of the bridge is lower than 1/6 of the total bridge width then it is preferable
to choose a twin-cell or in some cases multiple cells.
8. Under what circumstances should pot bearings be used instead of
elastomeric bearings?
Elastomeric bearings are the most cost-efficient solution for low vertical loads,
small movements and small rotations. Pot bearings are designed to support high
vertical loads using a confined elastomer block encased inside a 'pot'.
Pot bearings are preferred over elastomeric bearings in situations where there
are chances of high vertical loads in combinations of very large angle of
rotations.

9. Why should pumping be not used in case of concreting works?

The main problems associated with pumping are the effect of segregation and
bleeding. To rectify these adverse effects, the proportion of cement is increased to
enhance the cohesion in order to reduce segregation and bleeding
Blockage of Concrete Pump.
Segregation and Bleeding in Concrete Mix.
Concrete Mixture.
Handling Concrete.
Selection of Pumping Equipment.
Use of Poor-Quality Materials.
Selection of Improper Additives for Concrete.
Failure to Maintain Pump Pipeline.

10. Why should curing not be done by ponding and polythene sheets?
In cold weather, the water pools can freeze and expand, affecting the
concrete's overall strength. Moreover, creating ponds results in wastage of water.
In windy areas, polyethylene sheets can be blown away, increasing the risk of
desiccation in the concrete."

11. What are the different type of slump test indications?

12. Why is propping required for long structures once the formwork is
removed?
Propping is done to prevent damage to the concrete integrity during curing.

13. Explain the mechanism of cavitations in pipes and drains?

Cavitation refers to the formation of air bubbles in fluid in low-pressure
condition which is lower than the saturation pressure. It is a potentially damaging
condition in which the fluid in pipes or sewers is at high velocities. By Bernoulli’s
Equation, at high flow velocities, the pressure head of fluid is reduced accordingly.
As the fluid pressure is less than saturation pressure, dissolved gases are
released from the fluid and these air bubbles will suddenly collapse when the flow
enters into a region of higher pressure. This produces a high dynamic pressure
which causes damage to the pipelines due to its high frequency. OR

14. For what purpose bedding is used under storm water drains, explain?
Bedding is a method of surface drainage consisting of narrow-width plow
lands in which the dead furrows run parallel to the prevailing land slope.
(i) To enhance a uniform support under pipes in order to reduce the
bending moment longitudinally;
(ii) To increase the load-supporting strength of the pipes;
(iii) For pipes with spigot and socket joints, it enables pipes to be supported
along pipe lengths instead of pipe sockets.

15. What is pull out test soil nail?

Soil nails are pulled out tested in the field to verify that the nail design
loads can be carried out without excessive movements and with an adequate
factor of safety.
16. Why are pull-out tests performed for soil nails?
Field pullout tests provide valuable inputs for the selection of appropriate
design bond strength.

17. Describe briefly the advantages and disadvantages of using plastic and
timber fenders?
Timber fenders: They are low in strength and are subject to rotting and
marine borer attack. Moreover, they have low energy absorption capacity and the
berthing reaction depends on the point of contact. The contact pressure between
fender and vessels are high. They are considered to be environmentally unfriendly
because they consume tropical hardwoods in their production.
Plastic fenders: Their strength is similar to that of timber fenders but they have
relatively high abrasive resistance. They are resistant to chemical and biological
attack. Their energy absorption capacities are moderate and the berthing reactions
are also dependent on the point of contact. The reaction is lower when compared
with timber fenders for a given energy absorption. They are considered to be
environmental friendly because they are manufactured from recycled material.
 Rubber fenders: They possess high abrasive resistance and are also resistant
to most biological and chemical attacks. They have moderate to high energy
absorption capacity and the energy absorption performance is independent of the
point of contact. Similar to plastic fenders, they are also environmental friendly
products.