PROGRAMMING FUNDAMENTALS

(CSCP 1013)

Affefah Qureshi

Department of Computer Science,

University of Central Punjab, Rawalpindi Campus
2D ARRAY AND FUNCTIONS
 PASSING ARGUMENTS TO FUNCTIONS
C

• Three ways to pass arguments to function:

1. Pass-by-value
2. Pass-by-reference with reference arguments
3. Pass-by-reference with pointer arguments
 1. PASS BY VALUE – EXAMPLE
c

void AddGraceMarks(int marks) {

cout <<“\ nAc tua l marks: "<<marks<<end l;
marks = marks + 10;
cout<<“\nMarks Updated to:"<<marks<<endl;
}

i n t main() {
i n t marks = 75;
AddGraceMarks(marks) ;
cout<<“You marks i n PF ar e : ”<<mar ks<<end l;
return 0 ;
}
USING REFERENCE VARIABLES WITH FUNCTIONS
c

• To create a second name (Alias) for a variable

in a program
• A variable that acts as an alias for another
variable is called a reference variable, or simply
a reference

• Arguments passed to function using

reference arguments:
– Modify original values of arguments
 1. PASS BY REFERENCE– EXAMPLE
c

void AddGraceMarks(int &marks) {

cout <<“\ nAc tua l marks: "<<marks<<end l;
marks = marks + 10;
cout<<“\nMarks Updated to:"<<marks<<endl;
}

i n t main() {
i n t marks = 75;
AddGraceMarks(marks) ;
cout<<“You marks i n PF ar e : ”<<mar ks<<end l;
return 0 ;
}
 PASSING AN ARRAY TO A FUNCTION
c
• We need to tell the compiler what the type of the
array, and give it a variable name (a reference)
float a[ ]
• We don’t want to specify the size so function can
work with different sized arrays
• Size may be provided as second parameter
• Arrays are automatically passed by reference.
• Do not use & symbol
 PASSING AN ARRAY TO A FUNCTION
c
An int array
i n t Displ ay(i n t dat a [ ] , in t N) { The size of the array

cout<<“Array cont a i ns”<<endl;

f o r ( i n t k=0; k<N; k++)
cout <<dat a[k]<<“ “;
cout<<endl;
}
i n t main( )
{
in t a[4 ] = {11, 33 , 55, 77} ;
Display(a, 4 ) ;
return 0 ; } The array argument,
no [ ] or & symbol
 PASSING 2D ARRAYS TO FUNCTIONS
• One important difference only:
• Include empty brackets for the leftmost index,
• Use specific dimensions for all other indices (along with
the type)
i n t Max(int[][10], i n t ) ;
• Function definition:
i n t Max(int A r r [ ] [ 1 0 ] , i n t sz)
{ . . . }
• Function call:
Display(TDArr, S i z e ) ;
i n t FindSum(int A r r [ ] [ 4 ] , i n t rows, i n t cols) {

i n t sum=0;
cout << “\ n Calcul ating sum…" << endl ;
f o r ( i n t i = 0 ; i < rows; i+ + ) {
f o r ( i n t j = 0 ; j < cols; j + + )
sum+= A r r [ i ] [ j ] ;
return sum;
}
i n t main() {

/ / i n i t i a l i z e 2d array
i n t TDArr[3][4] = { { 3 , 4 , 1 , 3 } , { 9 , 5 , 2 , 1 } , { 7 , 0 , 2 , 1 } } ;

/ / c a l l the function, pass a 2d array as an argument

cout<<“\n Sum is:”<<FindSum(TDArr,3,4);

return 0 ; }