Math Booklet For The Third Semester2023-

2024
For Grade 8

Name:……………………………………………………………………………………

Class:……………………………………………………………………………………
Unit1

1. Area: The measurement of the size or extent of a two-dimensional surface

or region. It quantifies the amount of space enclosed within the
boundaries of a shape or object.
2. Square Unit: A unit used to measure area. It represents the area of a
square with sides of one unit length. Examples include square meters
(m²), square centimeters (cm²), or square feet (ft²).
3. Perimeter: The distance around the outer boundary of a two-dimensional
shape. It is the sum of all the side lengths of the shape and is measured in
the same units as the sides.
4. Length: The measurement of the longer dimension of a shape or object.
In the context of area, it typically refers to the longest side or dimension
of a rectangle or parallelogram.
5. Width: The measurement of the shorter dimension of a shape or object.
In the context of area, it typically refers to the shorter side or dimension
of a rectangle or parallelogram.
6. Base: The bottom side or edge of a two-dimensional shape, such as a
triangle or trapezoid. It is often used in formulas to calculate the area of
these shapes.
7. Height: The perpendicular distance between the base and the opposite
side or vertex of a two-dimensional shape, such as a triangle or trapezoid.
It is also used in formulas to calculate the area of these shapes.
8. Rectangle: A four-sided polygon with opposite sides that are parallel and
equal in length. The opposite sides of a rectangle are also perpendicular
to each other.
9. Parallelogram: A four-sided polygon with opposite sides that are parallel.
The opposite sides of a parallelogram are also equal in length.
10. Triangle: A three-sided polygon with three angles and three sides. The
area of a triangle is typically calculated using the base and height or the
lengths of the sides.
 11. Trapezoid: A four-sided polygon with one pair of parallel sides. The area of
a trapezoid is calculated using the lengths of the parallel sides and the
height.

Understanding Area:
Area is a measurement of the extent or size of a flat surface within a two-
dimensional space. It is typically expressed in square units, such as square
meters (m²) or square inches (in²). The area of a shape represents the amount
of space it covers or fills.
1. Basic Units of Area:
The basic unit of area depends on the system of measurement used. For
example:
• In the metric system, the square meter (m²) is the standard unit of area.
• In the imperial system, the square inch (in²) or square foot (ft²) are
commonly used units of area.
3. Formulas for Calculating Area:
The formulas for calculating the area of different shapes vary based on
their characteristics. Here are some common formulas:
• Rectangle: The area of a rectangle is given by multiplying its length (l) by its
width (w):
Area = length × width
• Square: The area of a square is given by squaring the length of its sides (s):
Area = side length × side length or Area = s²
• Triangle: The area of a triangle can be calculated using the following
formula:
Area = (base × height) / 2
• Circle: The area of a circle is determined by the radius (r) or diameter (d):
Area = π × radius² or Area = (π/4) × diameter²
(Note: π is a mathematical constant approximately equal to 3.14159)
• Other Shapes: There are specific formulas for calculating the area of more
complex shapes, such as trapezoids, parallelograms, and polygons. These
formulas depend on the specific properties of them.

•
4. Composite Figures:
For composite figures, which consist of multiple shapes combined, you can
calculate the total area by finding the sum of the areas of the individual
shapes.

5. Units and Precision:

When measuring area, it's important to use consistent units and ensure
accuracy. Pay attention to the units provided in the problem or context and
convert them if necessary. Additionally, rounding the final result to an
 appropriate number of decimal places or significant figures may be
required.

6. Practical Applications:
The concept of area is used in various real-world applications, such as:
• Determining the amount of paint needed to cover a wall.
• Calculating the area of land for agricultural or construction purposes.
• Estimating the floor space needed for furniture arrangement.
• Designing and measuring the dimensions of gardens, parks, or sports fields.

Worksheet 1
1. What is the formula for calculating the area of a rectangle?
a) Area = length × width
b) Area = length + width
c) Area = length / width
d) Area = length - width
2. The area of a square with side length 5 units is:
a) 10 square units
b) 15 square units
c) 20 square units
d) 25 square units
3. What is the formula for calculating the area of a triangle?
a) Area = base × height
b) Area = length × width
c) Area = π × radius²
d) Area = side length × side length
4. The area of a circle with a radius of 3 units (approximated value of π = 3.14)
is:
a) 6.28 square units
b) 9.42 square units
c) 28.26 square units
d) 31.42 square units
5. The area of a trapezoid with bases of length 5 units and 8 units, and height
4 units, is:
a) 9 square units
b) 18 square units
c) 26 square units
d) 36 square units
6. What is the formula for finding the area of a parallelogram?
a. Area = base × height
b. Area = length × width
c. Area = (base1 + base2) × height
d. Area = 2 × (length + width)

7. The area of a right-angled triangle with base 6 units and height 8 units is:
a. 12 square units
b. 24 square units
c. 30 square units
d. 48 square units

8. The area of a circle with a diameter of 10 units (approximated value of π =

3.14) is:
a. 15.7 square units
b. 31.4 square units
c. 78.5 square units
d. 314 square units

9. The area of a trapezoid with bases of length 6 units and 10 units, and height
4 units, is:
a. 16 square units
b. 24 square units
c. 32 square units
d. 40 square units

10. The area of a regular hexagon with a side length of 5 units is approximately:
a. 25.98 square units
b. 38.19 square units
c. 64.95 square units
d. 97.43 square units
 Unit 2

1. Volume: The amount of space occupied by a three-dimensional object or substance.

2. Capacity: The maximum amount that a container or space can hold.
3. Cubic Unit: A unit used to measure volume. cubic meters (m³), cubic centimeters (cm³), or
cubic feet (ft³).
4. Displacement: The change in volume experienced by an object when submerged in a fluid.
5. Liquid Volume: The volume of a liquid or the amount of space it occupies. It is typically
measured in liters (L), milliliters (mL), gallons (gal), or fluid ounces (fl oz).
6. Solid Volume: It refers to the total amount of space enclosed by the boundaries of the
solid.
7. Geometric Shapes: Shapes that have defined mathematical properties and formulas for
calculating volume. Examples include cubes, spheres, cylinders, cones, and pyramids.
8. Irregular Shapes: Shapes that do not have well-defined mathematical formulas for
calculating volume.
9. Meniscus: The curved upper surface of a liquid in a container due to surface tension. When
measuring the volume of a liquid, it is important to read the measurement at the bottom of
the meniscus to ensure accuracy.
10. Overflow Can: A container used to measure the volume of irregularly shaped objects. It
works by immersing the object in water, collecting the overflowed water, and measuring its
volume to determine the volume of the object.

1. Understanding Volume:

Volume is a measurement of the three-dimensional extent or capacity of an

object or substance. It quantifies the amount of space an object occupies.
Volume is often associated with the "size" or "capacity" of an object and is
commonly used in fields such as physics, engineering, and fluid dynamics.
2. Basic Units of Volume:
The basic unit of volume depends on the system of measurement used. For
example:
• In the metric system, the cubic meter (m³) is the standard unit of volume.
• In the imperial system, the cubic inch (in³) or cubic foot (ft³) are commonly
used units of volume.

3. Formulas for Calculating Volume:

The formulas for calculating the volume of different shapes vary based on
their characteristics. Here are some common formulas:
• Cube: The volume of a cube is given by raising the length of one side (s) to
the power of 3:
Volume = side length × side length × side length or Volume = s³
• Rectangular Prism: The volume of a rectangular prism is determined by
multiplying its length (l), width (w), and height (h):
Volume = length × width × height
• Cylinder: The volume of a cylinder is calculated by multiplying the area of its
base (A) by its height (h):
Volume = base area × height
The base area of a cylinder can be calculated using the formula for the area
of a circle (A = π × radius²).
• Sphere: The volume of a sphere is determined by the formula:
Volume = (4/3) × π × radius³
• Other Shapes: There are specific formulas for calculating the volume of
more complex shapes, such as cones, pyramids, and irregular solids. These
formulas depend on the specific properties of each shape.

4. Practical Applications:
Understanding how to measure and calculate volume is essential in various
real-world applications, including:
• Determining the capacity of containers, such as tanks or bottles.
• Calculating the volume of materials needed for construction or
manufacturing.
• Estimating the amount of liquid or gas in a container.
• Analyzing the displacement of water or other fluids.
• Designing and measuring the dimensions of objects or structures.

Exercise
1. Which formula is used to calculate the area of a triangle?
a) Area = length × width
b) Area = base × height
c) Area = π × radius²
d) Area = side length × side length
2. The formula to find the circumference of a circle is:
a) Circumference = π × diameter
b) Circumference = 2 × π × radius
c) Circumference = π × radius²
d) Circumference = side length × number of sides
3. The volume of a cube can be calculated by multiplying the length of its side
by:
a) 3
b) 4
c) 5
d) 6
4. The formula to find the volume of a cylinder is:
a) Volume = base area × height
b) Volume = length × width × height
c) Volume = (4/3) × π × radius³
d) Volume = side length × side length × side length
5. Which formula is used to calculate the area of a trapezoid?
a) Area = base × height
b) Area = (base1 + base2) × height
 c) Area = π × radius²
d) Area = side length × side length
6. The formula to find the surface area of a rectangular prism is:
a) Surface Area = length × width × height
b) Surface Area = 2 × (length + width)
c) Surface Area = base area × height
d) Surface Area = 4 × π × radius²
7. The volume of a sphere can be calculated using the formula:
a) Volume = (4/3) × π × radius³
b) Volume = base area × height
c) Volume = length × width × height
d) Volume = side length × side length × side length
8. The formula to find the perimeter of a rectangle is:
a) Perimeter = length + width
b) Perimeter = 2 × (length + width)
c) Perimeter = π × diameter
d) Perimeter = side length × number of sides
9. The formula to find the area of a circle is:
a) Area = length × width
b) Area = base × height
c) Area = π × radius²
d) Area = side length × side length
10. The formula to find the volume of a cone is:
a) Volume = base area × height
b) Volume = length × width × height
c) Volume = (1/3) × π × radius² × height
d) Volume = side length × side length × side length