PROPERTIES OF A

WELL-WRITTEN TEXT
 TEXT
ORGANIZATION
TEXT ORGANIZATION
Organization is about
the arrangement of
ideas, incident, details
evidence and order.
Parts of an Essay
● Introduction
● Body

● Conclusion
Parts of a Paragraph
● Topic Sentence
● Supporting Details
COHESION &
COHERENCE
 COHESION COHERENCE
occurs when ideas are is the connection of ideas at
connected at the conceptual the sentence level. It can
level or idea level. It can be readily be seen in a text
seen through well-defended through the smooth flow of
arguments and organized the sentences and the
points. connection of the ideas.
Both should be present in your text because having one without
the other will still create confusion for readers.
 Three techniques applied in
cohesion:
• Pronouns refrains from using a
specific word repeatedly
• Transitional devices connect
sentences with linked ideas
• Repetition of keywords ties up the
paragraphs subtly.
 WHY IS HAVING UNITY
IMPORTANT IN A PARAGRAPH?
Having unity in your paragraph
would give a clear and single idea
as the main topic is developed
using supporting sentences and
concluding sentences.
APPROPRIATE
LANGUAGE USE
1. We asked the secretary to call the
professor and get her permission for
us to continue our research.
2. We requested the secretary to
contact the professor and obtain her
permission for us to continue our
research.
When you write:
● You should make sure that the
language use is direct and
simple rather than complicated.
● You should be sensitive enough
to use unbiased language.
LANGUAGE USE
enables the writer to
effectively communicate
ideas without confusing
the reader.
Principles in writing on language use
● Use clear and concise sentences. Use
precise vocabulary.
● Avoid redundancies, jargon, slang,
wordiness, clichés, and highfalutin
language.
● Be consistent with pronouns.
● Avoid sexist language.
 LANGUAGE
MECHANICS
LANGUAGE MECHANICS
is a set of conventions on how to
spell, punctuate, and capitalize. It is
important to know and observe
these conventions in writing to
avoid confusion.
 Writing Conventions

PUNCTUATION

SPELLING CAPITALIZATION
 It refers to forming of words
from letters according to
accepted usage.
AMERICAN BRITTISH
SPELLING SPELLING
Color Colour
Defense Defence
Organize Organize
Traveled Travelled
SPELLING Airplane Aeroplane
Aging Ageing
 PUNCTUATION
It pertains to the act or practice
of inserting standardized marks
or signs in the written matter to
clarify the meaning and separate
structural units.
 PUNCTUATION
The purpose of punctuation is to
clarify the meanings of texts by
linking or separating words,
phrases, or clauses.
Capitalization is the act
of writing the first letter
of a word in uppercase
while the rest of the
letters are in lowercase.
There are rules in
capitalization that one CAPITALIZATION
has to remember.
Below are few examples of
words that require capitalization:
Proper nouns: Alex, Manila
Proper adjectives: Canadian
Days of the week: Sunday
Months of the year: January
Specific course titles: Theater 101
Kinship names used in place of personal
names: Grandma, Dad, Aunt Paz, Uncle Alvin
Below are few examples of
words that require capitalization:
Adjectives, verbs, adverbs, nouns, and pronouns
in a title and the first and last word in a title:
Through the Looking Glass, and What Alice Found
There(literature) And I Am Telling You I’m Not Going
(song)
Historical periods, events, documents: Great
Depression, the Renaissance, the Constitution
 WHAT, THEN, IS A
WELL-WRITTEN TEXT?
A text that is built around
effective paragraphing, on
coherence and on
established conventions.