Class 4th

Subject : Science
Date: 11/01/2023
Topic: Force, Work and Energy (Important terms)
1. Force: Any push or pull on an object is called as force.
2. Push: It is the action to move an object away from
yourself.
3. Pull: It is the action to move an object towards yourself.
4. Frictional force: The resistance (opposition) offered by an
object , to the movement of another object is known as
frictional force.
Note: a). The frictional force acts in the direction opposite to
the force applied.
b). It is an important force, without frictional force we are
not able to do many things.
c). We can reduce the friction by using a lubricant such as
oil or grease, which makes the surface slippery and thus
reduces resistance to movement.
5. Muscular Force: When any force applied by using our
muscles like arms or legs, then this force is called as muscular
force. It is a type of contact force.
 For eg: If you lift a brick or bag from ground, then your
muscles do work for lifting it.
6. Gravitational Force: It is the force of attraction on a body
by earth. Earth pulls things towards itself.
Or
Objects thrown up in the air come down to the ground.
This happens because Earth exerts a pull on objects. This pull is
known as gravitational force. This pull is applied on everything
that we see around us.
7. Magnetic Force: It can be defined as the attractive or
repulsive force that is exerted between the poles of a
magnet.
Note: a) magnetic force can also push.

b) The ends of the magnet are called as poles.

c) On bringing together specific poles of both magnets,

they move away from each other, called as repulsion.

d) On bringing together in some other combination , they

(poles) get attracted towards each other, called as
attraction.

e) Like poles of a magnet repel each other.

f) Unlike poles of magnet attract each other.

Examples of magnetic material:

Examples of non-magnetic material: