Energetics Worksheet

Some bond dissociation energies are given in the table below.

Bond Bond dissociation energy (kJ mol-')

C=C 612
C-C 348
C - Br 276
Br - Br 193
C-H 413
Cl - Cl 230
C=O 745
C-O 360
O=O 495
O-H 460

HW 1. Methane, CH4, is used as a fuel. The complete combustion of methane can be represented by the equation below.

(a) Explain why this reaction is exothermic in terms of the energy changes that take place during bond breaking and bond
making. [3]
(b) Use the bond enthalpy data to calculate
(i) Heat absorbs to break all the bonds of the reactants. [2,642 kJ]
(ii) Heat releases to make all the new bonds of the products. [3,330 kJ]
(iii) the enthalpy of combustion of methane. [-688 kJmol-1]

(c) Mass of 1 mol methane is 16 g.

Calculate the energy released when 4.0 g of methane is completely combusted. [-172 kJ]
(d) Draw a simple enthalpy level diagram for the complete combustion of methane.

HW 2. Ethanol is oxidized into ethanoic acid in air according to the following equation.
Calculate the enthalpy change for the reaction. [Show every step of your calculation]

+ O=O + H-O-H

Ein = 3728 kJ Eout = 4,072 kJ ∆H = - 344 kJ mol-1

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3. The following graphs show the energy changes which occur during the incomplete and complete combustion of one
of mole of carbon.

(i) Are the reactions endothermic or exothermic? Explain your answer.

(ii) Use the graphs to estimate the enthalpy change, ΔH, for each reaction.

C(s) + ½ O2 (g) → CO (g) ΔH = …………………………………………….. kJ mol-1

C(s) + O2 (g) → CO2 (g) ΔH = …………………………………………….. kJ mol-1

4. Nitrogen reacts with oxygen to form nitrogen (II) oxide. The energy profile diagram for the reaction is shown below.

(i) Is the reaction exothermic or endothermic? Explain your answer.

(ii) Label on the diagram the enthalpy changes for the reaction.

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HW 5. Q. A coffee–cup calorimeter contained 55.0 cm3 of copper (ll) sulfate solution at a temperature of 22.8
0C.

A small amount of zinc powder was added to the solution.

Zinc displaced 0.324 g of copper and the temperature of the solution rose to 32.3 0C.

Zn + CuSO4 → ZnSO4 + Cu
[The mass and specific heat capacity of the aqueous solution were 55 g and 4.2 J g-1 0C-1] H = mc∆T

(a) Calculate the total amount of energy, kJ, released. [ 2.19 kJ ]

(b) Calculate the enthalpy change for per mol of copper. [‒430 kJ mol─1]

HW 6. A student attempted to measure the enthalpy change of combustion of ethanol using the apparatus shown below.

(b) The student's results were as follows:

Mass of empty calorimeter = 120 g
Mass of water in calorimeter = 100 g
Mass of ethanol, wick and container before experiment = 43.56 g
Mass of ethanol, wick and container after experiment = 41.36 g
Initial temperature of water in calorimeter = 20°C
Final temperature of water = 75°C
Specific heat capacity of water = 4.18 J g− 1 K− 1
Molar mass of ethanol = 46.1 g mol− 1
Heat change can be calculated as, H = m c ∆T
Use the above results to calculate a value for the molar enthalpy change of combustion of ethanol.

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HW 7. Nitrogen triiodide, NI3, readily decomposes

The table shows the values of some average bond dissociation energies.

Use these values to calculate:

(i) the energy needed to break all the bonds in the reactants. [1014 kJ]
(ii) the energy given out when making all the bonds in the products [1397 kJ]
(iii) the enthalpy change, ∆H, for the decomposition. Include a unit in your answer.[-383 kJmol-1]

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