CHARACTERISTICS OF QUANTITATIVE RESEARCH

UNIT 1 ACTIVITY 1

Write QUANTITATIVE after the item if the sentence is true while

NATURE OF INQUIRY AND

QUALITATIVE if the statement is false.

1. In quantitative research, researchers know in advance what they are

RESEARCH
looking for. ____________________________
2. Quantitative research can be easily misinterpreted because it provides
numerical data. ________________________
3. Quantitative research puts emphasis on proof, rather than discovery.
SUMMARY OF SCORES ________________________________________
4. Normative research is conducted by researcher whose aim would be to find
STRENGTHS & KINDS IMPORTANCE
out the direction and/or relationship between different variables or group of
CHARACTERISTICS
WEAKNESSES ACROSS respondents under study. ____________________________
FIELDS
Act 1: ______ Act 1: ______ 5. Qualitative research requires a large number of respondents. It assumes
Act 1: ______ Act 2: ______
Act 2: ______
Act 2: ______ Act 1: ______ that the larger the sample is, the more statistically accurate the findings are.
Act 3: ______ Act 2: ______ ________________________________________
6. Evaluation describes the status of a phenomenon at a particular time. It
describes without value judgement a situation that prevents. _____________
QUANTI & DEPENDENT & WRITTEN
INDEPENDENT WORK 1
7. Correlational is conducted by researchers whose aim would be to find out
QUALI
VARIABLES VARIABLES that the direction and/or relationship between different variables or groups of
respondents under study. ____________________________________________
Act 1: ______ Act 1: ______ SCORE:
Act 2: ______ ___________ 8. Methodological is the implementation of a variety of methodologies that
Act 2: ______
forms a critical part of achieving the goal of developing a called-matched
approach, where data from different disciplines can be integrated. _________
9. One characteristics of quantitative research is that its method can be
NAME: __________________________________ repeated to verify findings in another setting, this, reinforcing validity
findings. _______________________________
Strand/Section: ___________________________ 10. In quantitative experiments, it filters out external factors, if properly
designed, and so the results gained can be seen, as real and unbiased. _____
ACTIVTY 2
On the space provided before the number, identify the characteristics
of quantitative research being described in each of the following statement.
Write your answer on the space provided before the number.
_________________ 1. In presenting the results in quantitative research,
researchers commonly use numbers and statistics.
_________________ 2. Normally, the researcher uses structured research
tools such as questionnaires to collect measurable
characteristics of the population.
_________________ 3. In quantitative research, the researcher can predict
future results through complex mathematical
calculations and with the aid of computers.
_________________ 4. The researcher must not make the interpretation of
the data with mere intuitions and guesses.
_________________ 5. Quantitative research requires a large number of
population size, depending on how the
characteristics of population vary.
_________________ 6. Conclusions and problem solution are proposed by
the researcher after gathering data.
_________________ 7. Reliable quantitative research can be repeated to
verify and confirm the correctness of the results in
another setting.
_________________ 8. The research questions are well defined and stated
in advance for which objective answers are sought.
_________________ 9. All aspects of the study are carefully designed before
data are gathered.
_________________ 10. The researcher used pencil and paper test to
determine the attributes of the respondents of the
study.
ACTIVITY 3
Put tick (/) if the statement describes the characteristics of a quantitative
research and blank if otherwise.
1. Data is in the form of words, pictures, or objects.
2. The data is usually gathered using structured research
instrument.
3. It is not based upon numerical measurements and does not use
numbers and statistical methods as key research indicators and
tools.
4. It tends to be associated with small-scale studies and a holistic
perspective, often studying a single occurrence or small number of
occurrences/case studies in great depth.
5. The research study can usually be replicated or repeated, given
its high reliability.
6. Data are in the form of numbers and statistics, often arranged in
tables, charts, figures, or other non-textual forms.
7. Emphasis is on discovery rather than proof.
8. The results are based on larger sample sizes that are
representative of the population.
9. It tends to be associated with emergent research design, using a
wide range of approaches.
10. Researcher has a clearly defined research question to which
objective answers are sought.

STRENGTHS AND WEAKNESSES OF QUANTITATIVE
RESEARCH
ACTIVITY 1
Identify whether the following statement is a strength or weakness of
a quantitative research. Write YES if you consider the item as strength and
NO if you consider it as a weakness.
______ 1. Using of questionnaire in collecting data.
______ 2. Gathering information using structured research instruments
specifically on sensitive issues.
______ 3. Capacity of the respondents to share and elaborate further
information.
______ 4. Objective in making conclusions and solution to problem.
______ 5. Using of large number of respondents on collecting data.
______ 6. Possibility to replicate reliable research paper.
______ 7. The expenses in reaching out people and in reproducing the
questionnaires.
______ 8. Analysing data using numbers and statistics.
_______9.The use of statistical techniques in facilitating analyses and
comprehension of huge amount of vital characteristics of data.
______ 10. Use of numerical data on making analysis and interpretation.
ACTIVITY 2
Identify whether each of the following situations in conducting the
quantitative research is a strength or weakness. Write S if you consider it
strength, and W if it is weakness.
_______ 1. The inability of the depressed teenagers to express their answer
using questionnaires.
_______ 2. Jelo gathers data from large number of earthquake victims in his
province.
_______ 3. Monique is unable to consider her own opinion and belief in
analyzing and interpreting the data she has gathered from her participants.
_______ 4. Lucy has to go to Bohol to reach out the participants of her study
at her own expense.
_______ 5. Tricia patterned her study in the study conducted by her
instructor
_______ 6. Jason has to reproduce the questionnaires of his study at his
expense.
_______ 7. Jake needs to use numbers and statistics in analyzing the
correlation of the variables of his study
_______ 8. Manny is required to produce questionnaires in gathering
information about child abuse from his participants.
_______ 9. Michelle shall use statistical techniques in analyzing huge
amount of vital characteristics of data of her respondents.
_______ 10. Maxine utilizes questionnaires in collecting data in her study.
ACTIVITY 3
Summarize the strengths and weaknesses of quantitative research by
completing the T Chart below.
 The Strengths and Weaknesses of Quantitative Research
KINDS OF QUANTITATIVE RESEARCH
ACTIVITY 1
True or False. Write True if the statement is correct, and False if it is
incorrect.
______ 1. Experimental research attempts to find general attributes of the
presently existing situation and determine the frequency with which it
occurs.
______ 2. Survey research derives conclusion from observations and
manifestation that already occurred in the past and now compared to some
dependent variables.
______ 3. Causal comparative research design is concerned in assessing the
effects and impacts or outcomes of practices, policies, and programs.
______ 4. Evaluation research is concerned with describing the nature,
characteristics and components of the population or a phenomenon.
______ 5. Correlational research is concerned with the extent of relationships
that exists between or among the variables.
______ 6. Survey research is used to gather information from groups of
people by selecting and studying samples chosen from population.
______ 7. Experimental research manipulates an independent variable to
determine the effects on the dependent variables.
______ 8. Descriptive research systematically investigates the nature of
relationship, or associations between among variables without
necessarily investigating into causal reasons underlying them.
______ 9. Experimental research design used pre-existing characteristic to
form groups.
______ 10. Descriptive research design utilizes scientific method to test cause
and-effect relationships under conditions controlled by the researcher.
ACTIVITY 2
Identify the kind of quantitative being described in each of the following
scenario. Choose the letter of your answer from the choices inside the box.
__________1. The researcher aims to determine the degree of the relationship
of height to the job applicants’ self esteem.
__________2. The researcher aims to determine the impact of K-12
curriculum to the employment readiness of senior high school graduates.
__________3. The researcher aims to know how frequent do the teenagers
smoke in a week.
__________4. The researcher wants to determine how gender affects
leadership performances of SK chairmen of Pasig City. He selects groups of
participants of different gender and compares its leadership performance.
__________5. The researcher wants to determine the academic achievement
of the children in rural areas of Pasig City.
__________6. The researcher wants to determine the effect of ICT if
implemented in the students’ participation in the classroom. He compares
the students’ participation of two groups (one group with ICT, one group
without ICT).
__________7. The researcher wants to determine the waste management of
the employees in SM Megamall.
__________8. The researcher wants to investigate how time schedule affect
the academic achievement of students in Mathematics. He selects 3 groups
of students taking the mathematics in different time.
__________9. The researcher wants to investigate the relationship of socio-
economic status and academic performance of the STEM students.
__________10. The researcher aims to enhance students’ class participation
by employing positive discipline.
IMPORTANCE OF QUANTITATIVE RESEARCH ACROSS
FIELDS
ACTIVITY 1
Answer the following questions briefly and comprehensively using your own
words.
1. What are the benefits does research provide in the area of
Accounting, Business and Management (ABM)?
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
2. How does research become beneficial in the field of Science,
Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics (STEM)?
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
3. How does research help people in the field of Humanities and Social
Sciences (HUMSS)?
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
4. How does research help the people in the field of Technical Vocational
Livelihood?
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
ACTIVITY 2
The following are research topics. Identify the field where such research
topics can make contribution. Write ABM if it contributes to Accounting,
Business and Management, STEM if you consider it helpful in the field of
Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics, and HUMSS if it
contributes to Humanities, and Social Sciences.
____________ 1. Adultery
____________ 2. building designs which are more convenient and efficient.
____________ 3. Cyber bullying
____________ 4. decision to increase product distribution.
____________ 5. depression
____________ 6. development of structural materials that can withstand
various calamities and disasters.
____________ 7. effectiveness and side effect of certain drugs
____________ 8. procedure or strategy to meet the requirements of the
customers
____________ 9. risks factors of certain disease
____________ 10. sufficient distribution of products
 ______9. Occupation
QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE VARIABLES ______10. Periodical test score

ACTIVITY 1 ACTIVITY 3
On the space before the number, write I if the variable is Interval, N if
nominal, R if Ratio and O if ordinal. VARIABLE DEPENDENT INDEPENDENT
CONTROL CONTINUOUS INTERVENING
______ 1. Body temperature in Celsius CONFOUNDING INTERVAL NOMINAL
______ 2. Citizenship ORDINAL RATIO ABSTRACT
______ 3. Cups of rice consumed in a day
______ 4. Distance travel in an hour
1. It refers to the characteristics that have two o more mutually exclusive
______ 5. Emotion
values or properties __________________________.
______ 6. Fast food chain
______ 7. Strand taken 2. Variables that represent categories that cannot be ordered in any particular
______ 8. Grade in Physical Education way. ___________________________
______ 9. Score in short quiz 3. Special kind of independent variables that are measured in a study because
______ 10. Year level they potentially influence the dependent variable ________________
4. Variables that have values that lie along an evenly dispersed range of
ACTIVITY 2 numbers when there is an absolute zero, as opposed to net worth, which can
have negative debt-to-income ratio-level variable _____________________
Given the choices below, classify what type of variable are the following.
5. Kind of variable that are not actually measured or observed in a study. They
Write the letter of your answer on the space provided.
exist but their influence cannot be directly detected in a study.
A. Interval C. Ratio ________________________________
B. Nominal D. Ordinal 6. It “stands between” the independent and dependent variables, and they
show the effects of the independent variable on the dependent variable.
______1. Age as of January 2019 ________________________________________
______2. Brand of shampoo
7. Variables that represent categories that can be ordered from greatest to
______3. College Course
smallest _______________________________
______4. Gender
______5. Hair color 8. Kind of variable that probably cause, influence, or effect outcomes. They
______6. Internet Usage in a day variably called treatment, manipulated, antecedent or predictor variable.
______7. Music Genre ________________________________________
______8. Number of Years in Service
9. Variables that depend on independent variables; they are the outcomes or Independent: _______________________________
results of the influence of the independent variable. _____________________
Dependent: ________________________________
10. Variables that have values that lie along an evenly dispersed range of
numbers. ______________________________
ACTIVITY 2
Supply the information below
DEPENDENT AND INDEPENDENT VARIABLE
Research Topic Independent Variable Dependent Variable
1. The relationship of
ACTIVITY 1 Parents’ Educational
Background to the
Classify the each of the underlined variables whether it is Independent or
Academic Performance
Dependent of the following research topics. Write your answer on the space
of the Elementary
provided.
Students
1. Developing critical thinking with the use of logical thinking 2. The influence of
texting in decreasing the
Independent: _______________________________ students’ grammatical
Dependent: ________________________________ competence
3. The impact of
2. Effectiveness of Exposing Classical Music on Consumer’s Behavior. Koreanovelas on
Independent: _______________________________ the Filipino value
system
Dependent: ________________________________ 4. The relationship of
corrupt practices and
3. Impact of ICT on Student Achievement in Accounting
the resignation of
Independent: _______________________________ the employees
5. The use of Eco Brick
Dependent: ________________________________ Project in Waste
4. Increasing Reading Interest through Paired Reading. Management
Performance
Independent: _______________________________ of HUMSS students
Dependent: ________________________________ 6. Time spent studying
and its effects the test
5. The collaborative learning in increasing communicative competence scores of TVL students
 7. Relationship between
disposable
income and location
amongst young adults
8. Salary and job
satisfaction among
Greenwoods residents
9. Number of hours
invest in the gym to the
body built of the male
employees
10. The skin color and
the selfesteem of the
Facebook users
SUMMARY
Quantitative research has seven characteristics which include: (1) objective -
impartial, unbiased and neutral type of research; (2) Clearly defined questions –
definite questions like what, which, how much, and the like are asked and collected);
(3) structured research instruments – this type of research surveys, questionnaires,
software in collecting data from participants; (4) numerical data – this uses numbers
and statistical treatment which produce unbiased results; (5) large sample size –to
represents the population (6) replication - high reliability of the study to determine
stability and consistency; and (7) future outcomes - new concepts and further studies
can be formulated by using calculations. Quantitative type of research is beneficial to
researchers in some ways. Since it is numerical, the researcher maintains its
objectiveness in interpreting data. With the use of statistical techniques, data become
easy to analyse and interpret even it requires large sample size. Additionally, it is
replicable, thus, ensures high reliability of results. However, quantitative research
can be burden somehow to its researcher specifically on the number of samples which
requires the researcher to become financially and physically capable to handle
expenses in reaching out participants and reproducing instrument. Moreover, the fact
that quantitative research uses structured instruments, the participants are limited
in expressing further information specially to sensitive topics and are most likely to
make fun guessing the answers.
There are 6 kinds of quantitative research the researcher may utilize. (1)
Descriptive Research which focuses on describing the nature, characteristics and
components of the population or a phenomenon. (2) Correlational Research is a
systematic investigation of the nature of relationship, or associations between among
variables without having investigation into causal reasons underlying them. (3)
Evaluation Research is used to assess the effects and impacts or outcomes of
practices, policies and programs. (4) Survey Research where researcher gathers
information from groups of people by selecting and studying samples chosen from
population done in various ways like face-to-face, phone, mail, and online. Survey
research may be cross-sectional and longitudinal survey. (5) Causal Comparative
Research (also known as ex post facto/after the fact research) derives conclusion from
observations and manifestation that already occurred in the past and now compared
to some dependent variables. It discusses why and how a phenomenon occurs. (6)
experimental Research utilizes scientific method to test cause-and-effect relationships
under conditions controlled by the researcher.
Quantitative research is beneficial across fields. It can help people understand
and assess the things and occurrences around them. It provides them the rationale
and justifications for decisions and actions they may do. It leads the people to discover
various means of identifying problems, finding ways of dealing with challenges and
coming up with innovative materials and mechanism that can improve the quality of
lives.
A variable is measurable characteristic that changes in value. It may vary from
one group to another group, one person to another or even with the same person over
time. The two types of variables are continuous (a variable that can take infinite
number on the value that can occur within a population) and discrete variables
(categorical or classificatory variable, any variable that has limited number of distinct
values).Continuous variables can either be interval variable (a measurement where
the difference between two values does have meaning) or ratio variable (has a clear
definition of zero indication that there is none of that variable). On the other hand,
discrete variables can either be nominal variable (does not imply ordering of cases) or
ordinal variable (can be ranked). In research, variables can be dependent variable
(also called as outcome variable; it is a result or effect of the changes brought about
by another variable) and independent variable (the cause variable or the responsible
for the conditions that act on something else to bring about changes)
 QUANTITATIVE RESEARCH PROBLEM

UNIT 2 Activity 1
True or False. Write TRUE if the statement is correct, and FALSE if
incorrect.

Identifying the Inquiry and ______ 1. Authorities may advice research topics.
______ 2. Financial capacity of the researcher to support the project must
also be considered.

Stating the Problem ______ 3. Research problems can be developed from friendly conversations.
______ 4. Research problems should be ambiguous.
______ 5. Research topic must be general.
SUMMARY OF SCORES ______ 6. Research topic must be of research adviser’s interest.
______ 7. Research topic should be the same with what has already been
written about.
RESEARCH RESEARCH BACKGROUND RESEARCH
PROBLEM TITLE OF THE STUDY QUESTIONS ______ 8. Researcher may extend the research already conducted.
______ 9. Researcher should consider the availability of data involved in the
Act 1: ______ Act 1: ______ Act 1: ______ Act 1: ______
Act 2: ______ Act 2: ______ Act 2: ______ study and the methods and techniques to be employed in gathering them in
Act 2: ______
selecting the topic..
______
______ 10. Time factor must be considered in choosing the research topic.

SCOPE AND SIGNIFICANCE WRITTEN

DELIMITATION OF THE STUDY WORK 2 ACTIVITY 2
Act 1: ______ Act 1: ______ Classify the following research topics whether it is GOOD or BAD. Write your
Act 2: ______ Act 2: ______ SCORE:
___________
answer on the space provided before the number.
________________ 1. Factors that Cause Tardiness of Students in Rizal High
School in their Academic Performance
________________ 2. How to make bracelet from beads
NAME: __________________________________
________________ 3. How to start a small business
________________ 4. Filipino customs
Strand/Section: ___________________________
________________ 5. My Significant Experience Last Summer
________________ 6. Organ transplant
________________ 7. The Academic Achievement of Students in Public
Elementary Schools
________________ 8. The effects of marijuana in one’s health
________________ 9. The Parliamentary Form of Government
________________ 10. The Psychic Phenomena
THE RESEARCH TITLE
ACTIVITY 1
Write the correct form of the following research title. Given the following
elements, write a good research title.
1. Research problem: An Investigation on the Level of the Acceptability
of Worksheets for Film-Clippings
Locale: University of Rizal, Antipolo City
Respondents: Teachers of English
Time: S.Y. 2019-2020
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
2. Research problem : Evaluation Study on the Leadership Practices
Locale: Pasig City
Respondents: Supervisors of Mc Donald’s, Jollibee, Greenwich and
Chowking
Time: Year 2019
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
3. Research problem: Assessment on the Impact of Tertiary Education
on the Quality of Life
Locale: Pasig Catholic College, Pasig City
Respondents: 20 student assistants living below the Poverty threshold
Time: School Year 2019-2020
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
4. Research problem: An Assessment on the Effectiveness of Literacy
Program
Locale: Barangay Caniogan, Pasig City
Respondents: Street Children
Time: Year 2015
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
5. Research problem: Investigation on the Stress Management Skills of
Overseas Filipino Workers
Locale: Hongkong
Respondents: 250 OFW in the Hongkong
Time: Year 2019
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
6. Research problem: Teaching Practices of Bachelor of Secondary
Education Major in Filipino
Locale: University of Philippines, Diliman
Respondents: 300 Education Students
 Time: School Year 2015-2016
___________________________________________________________________________ THE BACKGROUND OF THE RESEARCH
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________ ACTIVITY 1
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________ Decide whether the following ideas are to be included in the background of
the study or not. On the space before the number, write IN if you consider it
7. Research problem: An Analysis on the Impact of Playing Mobile included, and write OUT if it is excluded.
Legends on Students’ Study Habits
Locale: Mabini High School, Bulacan ________ 1. Approaches previously used in research of the problem.
Respondents: 451 students from Grade 7, Grade 8, Grade 9, and ________ 2. Clarification of the important terms.
Grade 10 ________ 3. Coverage of the study.
Time: School Year 2015-2016
________ 4. Description of the instrument to use in the study.
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________ ________ 5. Discussion of general and specific problem.
___________________________________________________________________________ ________ 6. History of the problem.
___________________________________________________________________________ ________ 7. Present condition of the problem.
___________________________________________________________________________ ________ 8. Recommendation to other researchers.
________ 9. The process of how data shall be gathered.
8. Research problem: An Investigation on the Medicinal Effects of Guava
________ 10. The solution/answer to the problem.
Leaves
Locale: Province of Rizal
Respondents: Residents of Rizal Province ACTIVITY 2
Time: Year 2016
___________________________________________________________________________ A researcher conducts his study on determining the perception of
___________________________________________________________________________ Junior High School student-leaders of the prevailing school organizational
___________________________________________________________________________ climate of Rizal High School as well as the administrators’’ leadership style
___________________________________________________________________________ during the school year 2018-2019.
___________________________________________________________________________
Decide whether the researcher has done a good introduction as he has
done the following actions. On the space provided before the number, write
AGREE if you consider the action correct, and DISAGREE if you consider the
action inappropriate.
____________ 1. He briefly stated the findings of his study.
____________ 2. He clearly gives detail on the step-by-step process of
conducting his study.
____________ 3. He discussed of his reason of conducting the study in the 4. Do they belong to the rich family?
Rizal High School.
5. How many are male and female among the respondents?
____________4. He discussed the need of finding solution to his problem.
____________5. He explained the statistical treatment he is going to use in his 6. How good are the Grade 7 students in Mathematics before integrating
study. the ICT?
____________6. He expressed the parameters that prevent him from pursuing 7. Do the students perform better when the ICT was integrated in
further studies due to time and budgetary constraints. teaching Mathematics?
____________7. He mentioned the beneficiaries of his study.
____________8. He provided suggestions in his introduction for the other
researchers. Guidelines GOOD BAD Reason/Comment
____________9. He stated some research studies conducted in relation to 1. Logical Order
school climate and leadership style. 2. Language of
____________10. The researcher clarifies the terms “school climate” and research
“leadership style”. 3. Not duplicating or
overlapping to the
other sub-problems
RESEARCH QUESTIONS 4. Not answerable by
yes or no
5. Corresponding
ACTIVITY 1 statistical tool
Check the column that speaks of the quality of the given quantitative
research questions. Accomplish the last column too.
ACTIVITY 2
Classify the following research questions whether it is GOOD or BAD. Write
This study aims to determine the integration of Information and your answer on the space provided before the number.
Communication Technology (ICT) in teaching Mathematics to Grade 7
learners in Rizal High School.
Research Title: Effect of Music Therapy on the Academic
Specifically, this study seeks to answer the following questions:
Performance of Students in Mathematics
1. Has the integration of ICT helped in teaching Mathematics to Grade 4
students? ________________ 1. What is the profile of the respondents in terms of

2. How old are the respondents? 1.1 Age; and

3. How many are older? 1.2 Gender?

________________ 2 Is Music Education effective as a therapy in learning?
________________ 3 What is the performance of the respondents in the
3.1 Pre-test; and
3.2 Post- test?
________________ 4 Do the students perform better when Music Education as
a therapy is applied?
________________ 5 Is there a significant difference in the pre and posttest
results of the two groups of respondents?
________________ 6 Are the students good in Math?
________________ 7 Is there a significant difference between the posttest
results of the two groups of respondents?
________________ 8 Based on the result of the study, what music
instructional strategy may be proposed in learning Math?
________________ 9 What difficulties they encounter during the summer class
in Mathematics?
________________ 10 What are the factors that cause students low
performance in Mathematics?
SCOPE AND DELIMITATION
ACTIVITY 1
Decide whether the following ideas are to be included in the Scope and
Delimitation of the Study. On the space before the number, write INSERT if
you consider it included, and write OMIT if it must be excluded.
__________ 1. A brief statement about previously conducted study related to
the present study.
__________ 2. The definition of the topic
__________ 3. The findings of the study
__________ 4. The formulated hypothesis of the researcher
__________ 5. The main purpose of conducting the study.
__________ 6. The method of selecting the participants
__________ 7. The participants of the study
__________ 8. The place where the study is conducted.
__________ 9. The topic and the variables included in the study.
__________ 10. Time frame by which the study was conducted.
ACTIVITY 2
As the researcher conducts his study on determining the perception of
junior High School student-leaders of the prevailing school organizational
climate of Rizal High School as well as the administrators’’ leadership style
during the school year 2018-2019, decide whether he has done a good the
Scope and Delimitation of Study as he does the following actions.
On the space provided before the number, write AGREE if you consider
the action correct, and DISAGREE if you consider the action inappropriate.
______ 1. He explained the need to measure the school climate with its
corresponding leadership style as exhibited by school administrators.
______ 2. He defined terms used in the study operationally for clearer
understanding of the study.
______ 3. He discussed the significant relationship between the prevailing
leadership styles of administrators and perceived school climate.
______ 4. He gave the details on the focus of his study which include
identifying of leadership styles, the kind of school climate exists, and
relationship between those variables.
______ 5. He included the beneficiaries of the study including students,
teachers, school administrators, and Department of Education.
______ 6. He included the fact that Rizal High School has more than 11,000
students with more than 500 teaching and non-teaching staff.
______ 7. He mentioned that he used Multifactor Leadership Questionnaire
(MLQ-5x short) bought from mindgarden.com to measure the leadership style.
______ 8. He stated that he used descriptive of the prevailing condition of
school climate as well as the leadership styles of administrators.
______ 9. He stated that the study was limited only to Junior High School
Student Leaders who were enrolled in Rizal High School-Pasig City for School
Year 2018-2019
______ 10. He stated the program he may be proposed to improve the
organization climate of Rizal High School
SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY
ACTIVITY 1
Decide whether the following ideas are to be included in the significance of
the study or not. On the space before the number, write IN if you consider it
included, and write OUT if it is excluded.
________ 1. any contribution of the study to the field of specialization or
discipline
________ 2. experts concerned about the problem
________ 3. future researchers
________ 4. parents who supports the researchers
________ 5. people who are directly or indirectly affected by the problem.
________ 6. the administrators or policy-makers who make the decisions or
implement programs
________ 7. the research advisers
________ 8. the specific sectors who will benefit from the study
________ 9. the statistician who expertly treats the data gathered
________ 10. the subject of the study
ACTIVITY 2
As the researcher conducts his study on determining the perception of
Junior High School student-leaders of the prevailing school organizational
climate of Rizal High School as well as the administrators’’ leadership style
during the school year 2018-2019, decide whether he has done a good the
Significance of the Study as he did the following actions.
On the space provided before the number, write AGREE if you
consider the action correct, and DISAGREE if you consider the action
inappropriate.
____________1. He specified that the significant results of the study could
motivate other prospective researchers to focus on the school climate as well
as leadership styles that exist in their respective school and/or organizations
for further improvement/enhancement.
____________2. He added that the students and student-leaders should
undergo a transformational leadership training program in order to contribute
to school improvement.
____________3. He indicated that the student’s perception should be given
priority as they may give helpful feedback on their school climate and
leadership towards school improvement.
____________4. He mentioned that Department of Education could gain helpful
insight from the research study by looking into school’s organizational climate
enabling the agency to acquire useful data legalizing policies and rules for
better school function.
____________5. He mentioned that the teacher’s leadership skills should be
assessed so teachers may re-examine and practice the best leadership style
in their respective classrooms.
____________6. He pointed out that school administrators should engage in a
transformational leadership training to further develop their skills and styles
in leadership as they perform their duties for students and student-leaders.
____________7. He revealed that the Department of Education should launch
a Transformational Leadership Training Program not only for the teachers but
also to students to achive positive climate towards school improvement.
____________ 8. He specified that the result of the study will benefit students
because findings of the study are useful to improve both school climate and
leadership styles of not only leaders but also members of the organization
____________9. He stated that educational administrators would examine their
school climate and leadership styles which could help them foster the needs
of the organization, to re-evaluate their leadership styles and to promote
harmonious professional and working relationship among its members and
clientele.
____________10. He stated that teachers will benefit from the improvement
plan on school climate as well as leadership style of administrators made
based from the results of the study.
SUMMARY
The research topic is a problem that needs to be solved using scientific
inquiry. These can be formulated from prevailing theories and philosophy,
observations, intuitions or a combination of both, different subjects taken,
fields of interest or specialization or event from related studies, and/or
existing problems in the classroom/school/campus/university.
Research problems can also be from existing needs of the community,
repetition or extension of investigations already conducted or may be an
offshoot of studies underway, related studies and literatures, advice of
authorities or experts from funding agencies, offshoots of friendly
conversations, and interesting topics of professors during the course
meeting/session.
In selecting the research topic, the researcher has to make sure that
he is going to choose new or different from what has already been written
about. It must be original, significant to the field of study or discipline, and
necessarily arouse intellectual curiosity. It has to be of his interest, clear and
specific. It should be a modest one for a beginner. The researcher has to
consider his training and personal qualifications. The availability of data
involved in the study and the methods and techniques to be employed in
gathering them, the availability of effective instruments for gathering the data
and their treatment, the financial capacity to support the project and time
factor involved in the undertaking should also be considered.
In formulating the research title, the researcher must include the
subject matter or research problem, the setting, respondents, and the time or
period when the study shall be conducted. It should be brief and concise as
possible. The use of terms as “Analysis of “, “A study of”, “An Investigation of”
and the like should be avoided. If the title contains more than one line, it
should be written in inverted pyramid. All words in the title should be in
capital letters when typed or encoded in the title page The Background of
Research includes information which would focus attention on the
importance and validity of the problem. It includes: (1) discussion of the
problem in general and specific situations as observed and experienced by the
researcher (macro to micro approach); (2) concepts and ideas related to the
problem including clarification of important terminologies; and (3) discussion
of the existing or present conditions and what is aimed to be in the future or
the gap to be filled – in by the research.
The statement of the problem contains (1) the major (general or main)
problem, and (2) the minor (specific) problems or sub-problems. The general
problem consists of the general purpose of the study which is usually
patterned from the research title. The general problem is then broken down
to specific problems or sub-problems in order to be researchable units. Sub-
problems have to be: arranged in a logical order; specifically, correctly, and
grammatically worded in the language of research; not duplicate or overlap
the other sub-problems (mutually exclusive dimensions); not answerable by
yes or no; and with corresponding statistical tool. UNIT 3
The scope and delimitation of the study discusses the parameters of

Learning from Others and

the research in paragraph including: the topic of investigation and the
variables included; the venue or the setting of the research; the time frame by
which the study was conducted; the general objectives of the research; the
subject of the study, the population and sampling; and the methodology of
the research which may include the research design, methodology and the
research instrument. Reasons for not including certain variables must be
discussed as well.
Reviewing the Literature
The Significance of the Study specifies who will benefit out of the SUMMARY OF SCORES
findings of the study. Beneficiaries of the study include those experts
concerned about the problem, the administrators or policy-makers, the
RRL CONCEPTUAL DEFINITION OF HYPOTHESIS
subject themselves, future researchers and those who are directly or indirectly FRAMEWORK TERMS
affected by the problem. Act 1: ______ Act 1: ______
Act 1: ______ Act 1: ______ Act 2: ______
Act 2: ______
Act 2: ______ Act 2: ______
Act 3: ______

WRITTEN
WORK 3

SCORE:
___________

NAME: __________________________________

Strand/Section: ___________________________

REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE
ACTIVITY 1
Read and analyze the references below. Write GO if the reference is suited
on the article and write STOP if it’s not. (2 pts each)
TITLE: Organizational Climate of Rizal High School and Leadership Style of
its Administrators as perceived by the Students, S.Y. 2017-2018: Basis for
Transformational Leadership Training Program
References to choose from:
________1. Organizational Climate of the School and Teacher Performance
Improvement in the 21st Century February 2018 by John Rafafy
Batlolona
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/322937269_Organiza
tional_Climate_of_the_School_and_Teacher_Performance_Improve
ment_in_the_21st_Century
________2. Measuring School Climate, School Climate and Outcomes, Issues
Trends and Controversies March 2009 by WAYNE K. HOY
https://education.stateuniversity.com/pages/2392/SchoolClima
te.html
________3. Workplace Climate Regents of the University of Minnesota
https://cyfar.org/workplace-climate January 2019
________4. The Role of Organizational Climate and Culture in the School
Improvement Process: A Review of the Knowledge Base 14
September, 2015
http://www.opentextbooks.org.hk/ditatopic/17174
________5. Determination of High Schools Organizational Climate Procedia -
Social and Behavioral Sciences Volume 46, 2002, Pages 2947-
2950 Gunes Ceyda and Peker Sevinc
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2012.05.595
ACTIVITY 2
Direction: Write YAY! if the citation is correct, and NAY! if the citation is
incorrect.
_______1. According to Garcia (2000), “Mathematics has equal difficulty with
other subjects. It depends on the learner’s perspective.” (p.24)
_______2. In the study conducted by Cruz 2011, she emphasized that in
order to have your own business, you should be as determined and strong
as a lion.
_______3. As emphasized in the press conference of Secretary Alfrenal, “The
President is in the area and stay there as long as he is needed. All planned
flights, meetings and conference will be cancelled”.
_______4. In the article written by Rettner (2016), Chimeras are not always
manmade, a fetus that absorbed a dead twin has two DNA and considered
as a chimera.
_______5. Moreau 13, (2016): said that interment memes are any idea or
concept expressed in some form of content on the web: can be a picture,
video or GIF. (p13)
ACTIVITY 3
Direction: Below is an original source followed by quotations and
paraphrases of the original source. Write OH NO! on the line if the quotation
or paraphrased passage is an example of plagiarism. Write WOW! on the line
if the quotation or paraphrase is not plagiarized. (2 pts each)
APA reference
Akin, A., and Iskender, M. (2011). Internet addiction and depression, anxiety
and stress. International Online Journal of Educational Sciences, 3(1),
138-148. Retrieved from
https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Murat_Iskender/publication/26
4550590_Internet_addiction_and_depression_anxiety_and_stress/links
/549aa8ee0cf2d6581ab26eb7.pdf
Original Source Material: Statement of the Problem:
In terms of the relationship between internet addiction, anxiety, and stress, This study generally aims to determine if a SHS students’ academic
there is no research evidence to demonstrate this relationship. However, since performance in Mathematics have any association with his/her stress
the greater use of the internet is associated with some social and psychological tolerance.
maladaptive variables such as, declines in the size of social circle, loneliness,
Specifically, this study shall seek answers to the following questions:
lower self-esteem and life satisfaction, sensation seeking, poor mental health,
and low family function, the internet addiction may enhance anxiety and 1. What is the demographic profile of Grade 11 students of DLSAU in terms
stress.
of:
______1. Though they see no correlation between internet addiction, anxiety
and stress, there are other factors that can affect the increasing cases of 1.1. sex?;
anxiety and stress related to excessive exposure to internet (Akin & Iskender). 1.2. SHS strand?; and
______2. The greater use of the internet is associated with some social and 1.3. final grade in General Mathematics?
psychological maladaptive variables, the internet addiction may enhance
anxiety and stress (Akin & Iskender). 2. What is the level of stress tolerance of Grade 11 students of DLSAU?

______3. In the study of Akin and Iskender, internet addiction, anxiety and 3. Is there a significant relationship between the DLSAU Grade 11 students’
stress has no direct correlation. However, internet addiction seems to have
final grade in General Mathematics and their level of stress tolerance?
indirect correlation as there are factors under overuse of internet that affect
the anxiety and stress.
______4. Though they see no correlation between internet addiction, anxiety
and stress, there are other factors that can affect the increasing cases of
anxiety and stress related to excessive exposure to internet.
______5. There is no significant relationship between internet addiction,
anxiety and stress.

CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK
ACTIVITY 1
DIRECTION: Create a conceptual framework out of the given statement of
the problem.
Research Question: Does a SHS student’s academic performance in Math
have any association with his/her stress tolerance?
ACTIVITY 2
DEFINITION OF TERMS
DIRECTION: Create a conceptual framework out of the given statement of
the problem.
ACTIVITY 1
Research Question: What is the relationship between students’ awareness
Direction: Write at least 5 jargons (terms you use in your strand) and give
of the 7S of Good housekeeping to their study habits.
its operational definition.
Statement of the Problem:
1. WORD: _____________________
The research aims to identify grade 12 ICT students’ level of awareness of 7s
Conceptual Definition:
of good Housekeeping and its effects to their study habits.
________________________________________________________________________
Specifically, the study wants to answer the following questions:
Operational Definition:
1) What is the level of awareness of students about the 7s of Good
________________________________________________________________________
Housekeeping?
2. WORD: _____________________
2) What are the common study habits do students possess?
Conceptual Definition:
3) How do student practice 7s of Good Housekeeping in their study habits?
________________________________________________________________________
4) What is the relationship of 7s of Good Housekeeping and study habits?
Operational Definition:
________________________________________________________________________
3. WORD: _____________________
Conceptual Definition:
________________________________________________________________________
Operational Definition:
________________________________________________________________________
4. WORD: _____________________
Conceptual Definition:
________________________________________________________________________
Operational Definition:
________________________________________________________________________
5. WORD: _____________________ g. used to connect one network device to other network devices or to connect
two or more computers to share printers, scanners etc.
Conceptual Definition:
________________________________________________________________________ h. he mechanism by which power is transmitted from an engine to the
wheels of a motor vehicle.
Operational Definition:
i. academic discipline and profession that concerns itself with individuals,
________________________________________________________________________
families, groups and communities in an effort to enhance social functioning
and overall wellbeing.

ACTIVITY 2 j. an educational institution designed for instruction, examination, or both,

of students in many branches of advanced learning, conferring degrees in
Direction: Match the term/word to its meaning various faculties, and often embodying colleges and similar institutions
1. University 6. Budget k. postsecondary educational institution that provides instruction beyond
the 12th grade level in programs that satisfy the requirements for a degree
2. Baking powder 7. Concierge
at the associate, baccalaureate or graduate level
3. Hospitality 8. Transmission
4. Lubricating Oil 9. Social Worker
HYPOTHESIS
5. Networking cables 10. Orchestra

ACTIVITY 1
a. A plan that projects both the revenue, that the business anticipates and
the expenses for a set period of time Write the null and alternative hypothesis for each given research questions.
(15 points)
b. The cordial and generous reception and entertainment of guests, either
socially or commercially Research Question: Does senior high school student’s academic
performance in Math have any association with his/her stress tolerance?
c. class of oils used to reduce the friction, heat, and wear between
mechanical components that are in contact with each other Null Hypothesis:

d. is a large instrumental ensemble typical of classical music ___________________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________
e. a hotel employee whose job is to assist guests by arranging tours, making
theater and restaurant reservations, etc. Alternative Hypothesis:

f. used to increase the volume and lighten the texture of baked goods. ___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
Research Question: Can a new packaging improve the selling power of 2. What effect does food color have on the amount of food fish eat?
Tide?
Hypothesis:
Null Hypothesis:
________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
Independent variable: _______________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
Dependent variable: ________________________________
Alternative Hypothesis:
3. What is the effect of watering plant on their growth height?
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________ Hypothesis:
Research Question: Does the use of social media have an effect on senior ________________________________________________________________________
high school students’ attention span in class?
Independent variable: _______________________________
Null Hypothesis:
Dependent variable: ________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________ 4. Does acid rain in water affect the fish population?

Alternative Hypothesis: Hypothesis:

___________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________ Independent variable: _______________________________
Dependent variable: ________________________________
ACTIVITY 2 5. Does the presence of salt on cakes affect the sweetness of its taste?
Write the hypothesis, and identify the dependent and independent variable Hypothesis:
for each research question.
________________________________________________________________________
1. What effects does studying with music have on student test scores?
Independent variable: _______________________________
Hypothesis:
Dependent variable: ________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
Independent variable: ______________________________
Dependent variable: _______________________________
 SUMMARY

In this chapter, we have discussed the different information in learning

from others and writing a literature review. By definition, research is the
systematic investigation into and study of materials and sources in order to
establish facts and reach new conclusions. Also, it is an investigation that is
done systematically. With this, we can say that doing research follows certain
steps and procedure. It can’t be done by just collecting everything you see,
putting them together and submit it. There is a process and this process
makes the research a way of sharing valid and accurate information.
One of the hardest part of doing a research is writing a literature review.
It is where readers see how literate, interesting, knowledgeable and
comprehensive the researcher is. You must be well aware of your topic from
smallest detail to the largest one. Other than the skill of selecting the correct
literatures and articles, the researcher should carefully analyze and evaluate
each. After which, the literature review will be written coherently.
Part of writing the literature review is the citation. Citation is very
important, as it will give your paper a valid impression. Aside from that, you
will avoid the most common violation in writing a paper; plagiarism.
Philippines has its own law about the intellectual property of individuals or
original creators. This act is protecting the rights and the original craft of the
authors not just the written articles but any work like a new machine, book,
painting, etc.
Following the steps in doing a literature review plus the ethical
procedures will make your paper a better one.