FRACTIONS (Including Problems) a 3.1) BASIC CONCEPT fed into five equal parts, each part is said to be one-fifth (t ‘ 5 If an apple is divid rts, 2 parts are eaten, we say {Wo-itty the whole apple. And if out of these five equal pat (2) of the apple is eaten or three-fifths 2) of the apple is left. The numbers = 2 and 2 used in the statement given above, are called fractions icates a part of the whole. Each of these rans indic n=. ais called the numerator and b | FRACTION = -Numerator_ In fraction is called the denominator of the fraction. Denominator a Every fraction can be expressed aS 5» where a and b are whole numbers and b 0, ie. denominator is not equal to zero. a ry fraction can be expressed as Bb where a is a whole In other words, eve! number and 6 is a natural number. IN AND A RATIONAL NUMBER DIFFERENCE BETWEEN A FRACTIO! * A number of the form 5. where a and b are whole numbers and b # 0, is called a fraction. 2 8 7 For example: 2, == 3, @tc. Pe 5! 15’ 3" a * A number of the form a where a and b are integers and b # 0, is called 2 rational number. Pormangie: 2, 5. = os etc. —_ a [ The number | is: (i) a fraction, if a and b are whole numbers and b # 0. Fraction aL Whole number a b ~ Whole number b where b #0 | _ Whole number a . , Natural number b (ii) a rational number, if a and b are integers and b # 0. Integer a Rational number = SS 5 = ~ Integer b where b #0 ” ae ot le Schoo! 420 Concise MATHEMATICS MiddlRemember : + All fractions are rational numbers, but all rational numbers are not fractions. + Every positive rational number is a fraction, but a negative rational number is not a fraction. de 12 " ‘Son etc. are rational numbers as well as fractions. oe ol AO) te, 7 " F'770' 30’ 225° etc. are rational numbers but not fractions. 3.3.) CLASSIFICATION OF FRACTIONS Types of fractions Condition Examples 1. Decimal fraction denominator is 10 or a 1.3 1 8 higher power of 10. 0’ 100’ 1000’ 10°" 2. Vulgar fraction denominator is other 24 8 23 than 10, 100, 1000, etc. 5° 7' 19° 107° 3. Proper fraction denominator is greater 431 than its numerator. 5 7: 4. Improper fraction denominator is less 7 i im than its numerator. 3 5. Mixed fraction consists of a natural number | 55 43 yot and a proper fraction. 7 5° 9" If the numerator is equal to the denominator, the fraction is equal to unity (one). eg. + go, 8 a4 and so on. Important : (a) Zz : ps = Sa decimal fraction. BL 81x2 | _ 182g decimal fraction. 500 500 x2 1000 If the denominator of a fraction can be expressed as 10 or as some higher power of 10, it is a decimal fraction. (b) Example 1 : ng 5. . (a) Convert : (i) 32 (ii) 23 into improper fractions. 19 (b) Convert: (i) 4 (i) into mixed fractions. Solution : ( jon _ Integral part x Denominator + Numerator Pearce n Denominator 2 _ ax7+2 _ 23 @ W@ 372 FG (Ans.) - 5 _ 2x8+5 _ 16+5 _ 21 @ 23=—g-= "3 “8 (Ans.) Fractions (Inducing :Problems) —<————_—$_—$_ 481 244+ = m0 Ge sire : -8 3 = 224522 arg 7 di a 19 _ 3x5+4 . oS fe 4 4 ws =3+5 =3 4 § "5 (rg, Ai The vale oa fracion remsine the same i both ts numerator and denon are (i) multiplied or (ii) divided by the same non-zero number, . 5 5x2 10 3 3x5 15, eg (i) -=2£=2, fg a . 8x2 16" 7 = 7x6 Wag) OM 10+2 5 15 _15+5 _ 3. i 10 _ 042 | &. =e ==; and "67602 8 35° a6 7 OM 2. A fraction must always be expressed in its lowest term. 3.4) REDUCING A GIVEN FRACTION TO ITS LOWEST TERM Steps + First of all find H.C.F. of both the terms (numerator and denominator) of the given fraction. Then divide both the terms by their H.C.F. Example 2 48 Reduce :(i) 60 (ii) s to their lowest terms. Solution : (i) H.C.F. of terms 48 and 60 = 12. _ = Bee [Dividing each term by 12] 60 60+12 = : (Ans.) (ii) H.C.F. of 18 and 27 is 9. 3 3.2 2 oT” Brag 73 (Ans.) Alternative Method : Resolve both the numerator and the denominator into prime factors, then cancel out the common factors among both. 48 =2x2x2x2x3 and 60=2x2x3x5 18 LK BKOXB - 60 = aes [Cancelling out the common factors] 2x2 _4 5 5 (Ans.)EQUIVALENT (EQUAL) FRACTIONS Fractions having the same value are called equivalent fractions. og, 20 = HS 4 ang 28 _ 28+7 4 25° 25+5 5 35 35+7° «5 20 25 (36) SIMPLE AND COMPLEX FRACTIONS A fraction, whose numerator and denominator both are whole numbers with denominator # 0, is called a simple fraction; whereas a fraction, whose numerator or denominator or both contain a fraction is called a complex fraction. : 28 i 1, 20_ 28 _ 4 «. Fractions and — are e ie === =t. 35 quivalent, i.e. 25 5 ; 3 10 8 e.g. i) Each of =, —, — is ir ion. g. (i) 8° 17" 75" 8% is 2 simple fraction - 5 1-4 9/14 (ii) Each of 23' 8° er etc. is a complex fraction. 7 1. Classify each fraction, given below, as decimal or vulgar fraction, proper or improper fraction and mixed fraction : , 2 nit «iy 13 Peel 6) 2 05 til) 3 (iil) 35 Ww) > v) 39 2. Express the following improper fractions as mixed fractions : ,, 18 pau 25. 38 22 OF (i) | (il) > Ww) = MF 3. Express the following mixed fractions as improper fractions : oA oS aT et Ol 7 () 2g (i) 755 (iil) 33 () 2745 ™ 1245 4. Reduce the given fractions to lowest terms : , 8 eee ots ay 18 _. 39 18 4% i) 36 (iil) Gp WW) 35 “) 5. State true or false : 30 12 . i) 7 aa ivalent fractions. (i) 0 and 76 2 equivalent fra 10 25 " Daa aa ivalent fractions. (ii) 25 and to ar equivaler ce and oe are equivalent fractions. i) 49° 28° 63 2"? 140 6. Distinguish each of the fractions, given below, as a simple fraction or a complex fraction : 3 0 3 ‘i 2 iv) "5 i) = i) = iii) > (iv) 8 (i) 3 (i) 3 (il) 7 18 Fractions (Including Problems) es <>)1 2 33, 5. o 3 wi 2 (wil) > a= - a 578. ‘ Remember : Each of the numbers of the form 0'0'0° etc. is neither 4 Singl fraction nor a complex fraction, as division by ‘0’ is not defined. | 6 F wa M72 2e a LIKE AND UNLIKE FRACTIONS Fractions having the same denominators are called like fractions, whereas tte fractions with different denominators are called unlike fractions. 359 eg. (i) B38 etc. are like fractions. 2 1 8 (ii) 7 3 = 2 etc. are unlike fractions. CONVERTING UNLIKE FRACTIONS INTO LIKE FRACTIONS Steps : 1. Find the L.C.M. of the denominators of all the given fractions. 2. For each given fraction, multiply its denominator by a suitable number so that the product obtained is equal to the L.C.M. obtained in Step 1. 3. Multiply the numerator also by the same number. Example 3 : 337 9 Change a5 8 and 16 to like fractions. Solution : L.C.M. of the denominators 4, 5, 8 and 16 is 80. 3 _ 3x20 _ 60, 3 _ 3x16 4 4 4x20 80" 5 5x16 80 7 _ 7x0 _ 70 9 _ 9x5 45 8 8x10 80 16 16x5 ~ a0 1 7 . 60 48 70 Required like fractions are : -. 80 and 5 fans) 3.9) COMPARING FRACTIONS First Method (By making denominators equal) : Steps » Convert all the given fractions into like fractions, then y greater numerator is greater. Ihe fraction with the Example 4: | 5 Compare the fractions : 2 and 16°solution L.C.M. of the denominators 12 and 16 = 48 5 5x4 _ 20 9 _ 9x3 27 “49 712x448 16 ~ 16x3 ~ 48 9 : 27, : since numerator 27 is greater than numerator 20, the fraction 4g (i 2) is greater. : ter than fi Ss «. Fraction is greater than fraction => second Method (By making numerators equal) : steps : Convert all the given fractions into fractions with equal numerators, the fraction with the smaller denominator is greater. then ‘ ‘ 5 9 : Let us consider fractions 2 and 46 2gain. L.C.M. of numerators 5 and 9 = 45 5 5x9 45 9 9x5 45 “72 = 12x90 ~ 108 8° 16 ~ 16x5 = 80 aa) 716) is greater. 45 45 Since fraction Go has smaller denominator, the fraction 9 5 is greater than fraction — = Fraction 2 16 Third method (By cross- multiplication) : a c In order to compare two fractions, say : i and 7 find their cross-product, i.e., find axdandb xc. Then, if: c 2 6 @ ax dis greater thanb x c= 2 > ©, (i) ax dis less thanb xc 2 < =, a 2 " aaete d Itobxc=— =. (il) ax dis equal to bx o= 5 = 5 9 For given fractions +> and 75, the cross-multiplication gives 5 x 16 and 9x 12 (i.e. 80 and 108). Since 80 is smaller than 108, = : < ’ 12 ~ 16 Example 5 : Compare the fractions : Solution : L.C.M. of denominators 3, 4, 12 and 16 = 48. . & 2x16. 92 3 3x12 36 3 ate 4a 4 = 4xt2 > 48 | Converting into ise Gxal 20 9 9x3 27 _| like fractions 2 = taxa ap M16 = 6x9” Frac Ns (Including Problems) = iSince the al numerator is 36, the biggest fraction is 7 © (ie, 3) 2) and the smallest fraction is — 2 e. = —— (ie. Next one is = (i ” 2 :. Fractions in ascending order of values are : 12’ 2. 3g and 3 ie B22 22 8 (ng, 412 16 <3 5G 329 5 And, fractions in descending order of values are : a 3° ig and = ; 2 9 5 (Ang be. OD SS Se Ascending order means arranging the numbers from the smallest to the 9 | descending order means arranging the numbers from the greatest to the Smallegt” Alternate Method (By making numerators equal) : 1. Convert all the given fractions into fractions of equal numerators. Steps : 2. The fraction which has a smaller denominator is greater, Example 6 : Compare : :. 5, = and 5 aa 6 bY making their numerators equal. Solution : Step 1: L.C.M. of numerators 2, 3, 5 and 9 is 90. 2 _ 2x45 _ 90 3 _ 3x30 _ 90 3 3x45 135 , 4 — 4x30 ~ 420 5 _ 5x18 _ 90 and 2 = 9x10 _ 90 12” 12x18” 216 16 16x10 160 90 Step2: Since =~ 720 has the smallest denominator, the biggest fraction is —~ = 20 tie 2 z As @ has the biggest denominator, the smallest fraction is —— = 6 (ie. 5 2 3 . Fractions in ascending order are : j2' 163 and 4 (Ans.) 32 9 5: And, in descending order they are : 43° 16 and 2 (Ans.) 1. For each pair, given below, state whether it forms like fractions or unlike fractions (i) a and = (ii) 5 id (iii) ° and 2. Convert given fractions into fractions with equal denominators : 5 z iy 2 38 7 .. 4 17 23 WW () Gand (ii) 3° 6 and @ (ii) 5’ 20° 40 a" 7g C 48) Concise MATHEMATICS Middle School — 7 seen7 comer given fractions into Wactons “ equal numerators : @ 0 Sans 2 wy & ana 2 ie 15 25 9 8 7 i = i) 9° 2a 17 2! 4. Compare the, given fractions by making the Satrniien onal: 2 4 i” Q - (i) 5 and ° (i) = and = (ii) = and 5. Compare the given fractions by rai le pimeratos equal. 4 2 iy = = 5 9 @ 5 ade (i) 35 and 5 (ii) > and +e 6. Sompare the ra fractions bre cross-multiplication meted: 3 6 = 2 and 4 = = and — = (i) (ii) 3 nt (iii) and — i 7. se ie ok a factons i in ed order by making te —_ anal: 2 3 and 4 = (iy 2. = aw O3Ra 6 O Fee ms i Fe ae 8. Arange re given fractions in ‘escending order by making te mznenaes equal : ; @ 4 nd 2 8 3 wa = ii) —, —, — = a e # 8 “ : z za nt o 7 ns OPERATIONS ON FRACTIONS 1. Addition and Subtraction : (i) For like fractions, denominator same : 1,5 1+5 6 8 9 3 add or subtract (as Tequired) their numerators, keeping the (li) For unlike fractions, first of all change the given fractions into like fractions and then do the addition or subtraction as above : 3 1_ 3x15 2x12 1x20 mre eres oa [L.C.M. of 4, 5 and 3 = 60] 45. 24 _ 20 _ 45+24-20 _ 4g = 30 * 60 6 6 60 3,2 4 3x15+2x12-1x 20 or, simply : 4°3°37>. »+40 45424-2049 =e 60" Fractions (Including Problems) nna 9}Example 7 : 4 2 Subtract 5 m from 8 m. Solution 2 4 Required fraction = 8 m- 5¢ m 6 Bm zg" 190-87 13 a = m=2 = Tag en 15.” ug 2. Multiplication : (i) To multiply a fraction with an integer, multiply its numerator with the integer, 3 5x3 _ 15 4x7_ 8 43 s Sxg ng ea” 1 15 7 te (ii) To multiply two or more fractions, multiply their numerators together ang they denominators separately together. 3.2 3x2 6 3.4.2 3x4x2 4 5°77 5x7 735 MBX 5% 3" Bx5xa 5 7 4 a 1g and 5 xT= Remember 1. The product of two proper fractions is less than each of the fractions multiple together. 2 5 For example The product of proper fractions and > ne ne) =3%7 "2 2 ang 95 On comparing, we get: >; 3 21 7 2. The product of a proper fraction and an improper fraction is less than the improper fraction and greater than the proper fraction. 3 For example » The product of proper fraction 3 and improper fraction 27 On comparing, we get: 35 4 xT 3. The product of two improper fractions is greater than each of the imprope fractions multiplied together. For exomple. The product of improper (mixed) fractions a and “ 7,19 9 at =o% 37% 1B 1 1 1 1 h t: 15— > 3- and 15— — On comparing, we get 6 2 ir > 4 at 50 ——— Conese MATHEMATICS Middle $9 =3. Division: To divide one quantity (fraction or integer) by some other quantity (fraction or integer), multiply the first by the reciprocal of the second. 2.7 5, 212 reciprocal of 772° Reciproal of 8 reciprocal of : =a =e roca ot 12 = 28 reciprocal of 55 ~ 45 and so on. 5 . 5. 5,1 _5 1 eg. (i) g°°=8%27 16 [Reciprocal of 2 is 5] 8 16 5 8 (i) 2+ 9 =2% 5-55 [Reciprocal of 5 is 3] ed ys B (i) 5 4770°37307 15 and so on. 3.11} USING “OF The word “of” between any two fractions, is to be used as multiplication. . 3x2 eg. (i) Boz -3 a | 1x 18 J of te kg = 1% 18kg = (ii) 3° 9 7 9 6 kg (iy 3 oftis-2 S28 -e and so on. Fraction as an operator A fraction can be used to operate on a quantity. < yi - To find of a quantity (say, 12) (i) divide by 4 and then multiply by 3 or, (ii) multiply by 3 and then divide by 4. That is : s f12=3 ue =3x3=9 ati: Zot Zax 3x3 3 and, q lia= 4 Ta? | When a proper fraction is operated on a given quantity, the outcome is always smaller than the original quantity. And when an improper fraction is operated on a given quantity, | the outcome is always greater than the original quantity. 3 2 Thus : 4 x 45 < 45 and 15 x 45 > 45 l Z (3.12) USING “BODMAS is the abbreviation formed by taking the initial letters of six The word ‘BODMAS’ operations; ‘Bracket’, ‘Of’, ‘Division’, ‘Multiplication’, ‘Addition’ and ‘Subtraction’. Fractions (Including Problems) 51rule of BODMAS, working must be done in the order Corres, ding to the , wor | to ne ara Sspearing in the word, i.e. first of all the terms inside Bracket sPodny tothe nen Of must be simplified and then Division, Mulipication, Aditon ant 0 aly Subtraction. eg. - First step (B) : Simplifying the Bracket = Second step (0) : Removal of ‘of s Third step (0) : Division, de. mutipty py reciprocal. Bx9x3 1 = SMEKY oat : . = guaxnd 2t Fourth step (M) : Multiplication. 14 i : =a-3t! Fifth step (A and S) : Addition and Subtraction = 1 (Ans) In the same way, P 1_5 1 9.5.4 2+F*1g = GF%3 9.7.4 _9x7x4_ 2141 ee ee eo a a*%5*%3 4x5xa 5° 5 (Ans) 1 2.4 1.16. 4 (ii) 4 27 + a6 = 4%7 te 4 4 [ 16 1° 6 4 =e oe sto 2atxted 7° 15 a7 ‘| 4 15 _ a x7 (Ans) 4,.7..8 4 56 7 8 _ 56 (i) B+ a5 % 9 = 5 85 [eos- i - 4, 135 _ 27 =1 13 (Ans.) 5° 56 1414 7.8 4.15. 8 3,7,8 22,2xe vision (+) first (iv) *i%9 a°7 5 [Division (+) first] = 2x15x8 4M (Ans.) Bx7x9 2 21 5.5 15 41 2 15 3 v) = of —+—x1- = BS +e xe 6% *t6*'2 ~ 716% 2 = 3,8, 3, Bx ex3 _ 20 (Ans.) 78° 15° «2 78x15x2 39 erin nea aNCNl NTS NSinNTinoenaediendiiensisineniiaeaeeree (52) Coneise MATHEMATICS Middle Schoo! — 74. Reduce to a single fraction : » 142 0373 ny at got (iv) 13429 2 -1,1 wi) 375 * 70 2. Simplify : 3x6 9.4 ™ 92"7 3. Subtract : ‘rom. (i) 2 from 3 @ - = tom = (iv) 7 from 7 - 4 _& (vii) 7 from 1 4. Find the value of : 1 @) 5 of 10kg 3 4 (ii) 5 10 1,5 4 =f Sok 4*e RB Pm 1 1 1 2-+2--1- (viii) 2 + 3 " @a 2 ii) 3% 15 (v) 45 ot **3 a 2 (vill) 3+ 5 (xi) 3 24 1 (ii) 8 from 3 4 (v) 0 from 5 ~ 3 (ii) 3 of 1 hour ‘ 1 (iv) 33 times of 2 metre (v) 4 of 22 2 5. Simplify and reduce to a simple fraction : i _ 3 0” —- 33 4 2 “ x T= s]o wlo NI@ pT. (viii) a) R OI aI x t aly + : (xi) Q to ola 3 w 1 4.4 » 2tetxt MW) Ap t7%y 8 () 02> » ta 2e2 (xii) 5 of 579 (ii) (vi) (ix) (xi) (ii) (vi) (ii) (vi) (iii) a vii) (x) (xii) 1 of25 kg Janie £4 ot of & of 22 kg i ear = ln NI bs al- Vjacala wo] + alo alN ely qe + © ni x ni 2 x I= oo r el Fractions ( (Including Problems) NAC 53)ON 6. A bought 33 kg of wheat and a kg of rice. Find the total Weigh of bought by A. 3 7. Which is greater, = 50 9 and by how much ? 8. What number should be added to ae toget 125 2 9. What should be subtracted from 02 to get 2 2 10. A rectangular field is 165 m long and 22 m wide. Find the Perimeter of the fl, 11. Sugar costs = ort Per kg. Find the cost of 8s kg sugar. 12. A motor cycle runs ad km consuming 1 litre of petrol. How much distance Wilt, consuming 8 litre of petrol ? = 13. A rectangular park has length = 235 m and breadth = 165 m. Find the tea of park. 14. Each of 40 identical boxes weighs ag kg. Find the total weight of all the boxes, 15. Out of 24 kg of wheat, 2 th of wheat is consumed. Find how much wheat is stil let ? @ 16. A rod of length 25 Metre is divided into five equal parts. Find the length of each parts obtained. 3 5 , : 1.HA=35 andB=65, find: () A+B (i) B+A. 1 18. Cost of 32 litres of oil is & 835 . Find the cost of one litre oil. 5 - 18. The product of two numbers is 20°. one of these numbers is 6, find the oe 5 1 20. By what number should 56 be multiplied to get 33 ? ef 54 Concise MATHEMATICS Mile Schoo!3.13) USING BRACKETS ~The types of brackets used, in general, are : (i) (__) are known as Circular brackets or Parentheses or sit or z (i) {| } are known as Curly (middle) brackets, Simpy smal aches (ii) [| ] are known as Square brackets or Bo: ] ; x brackets or big brackets. Sometimes a bar is drawn above Some terms which we want to treat as a single quantity. eg. (i) 4+5 means (4+5)=9 (i) 8-343 =8-5-3 (ii) 348-6 =34+2=5 and so on, This “——" is known as Bar bracket or Vinculum. Note : Multiplication sign is often omitted before a bracket and between the brackets. eg. (i) 49-3)=4x9-3)=4x6=04 (i) (2 +8) (7-3) =(2+8)x (7-3) =10x 4240 (14) REMOVAL OF BRACKETS ‘The brackets are removed in the order given below : (i) ——; bar or vinculum, (i) (—_); parentheses, (ii) {}; curly brackets, (v) 1; square brackets. Example 8 : 1 [4 — Simpify : 10> [2 +6 - (7-6 = 4] Solution : = 104 -a1 Go’ = 105 [a5 +16 7-2] ls 64 =3) = 104 -/e1 46-5) 0-3 = 105 -|85 ty 7-2-5) = 10! [od of] Leone = 101-91 ref e103] 105 - 95 o : =u (Ans.) [ 1. Whenever there is a positive (+) sign before a bracket, the bracket is removed without | any change in the signs of its terms. 6g 8+(3-1+5)=8+3-1+5=16-1=15 | 2. Whenever there is a negative (-) sign before a bracket, the bracket is removed by | changing the signs of all the terms inside the bracket (i.e. by changing every positive | sign into negative and every negative sign into positive) | Oh 8 G-145)=8-341-5=9-8=4 Fractions (Including Problems) —_— (65) Fai ——Simplify : (3.15) PROBLEMS INVOLVING FRACTIONS Example 9 : What fraction is 6 bananas of four dozen bananas ? Solution : Here 6 bananas are to be compared with 4 dozens, i.e. 4 x 12 = 48 bananas. . Required fraction = (Ans) blo ola Example 10: Write all the natural numbers that lie between 5 and 15 ? (i) How many of these natural numbers are odd ? (ii) What fraction of these natural numbers are even ? Solution : Since, natural numbers between 5 and 15 are : 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13 and 14. There are 9 natural numbers between 5 and 15. (Ans) (i) Out of these natural numbers, odd natural numbers are : 7, 9, 11 and 13. There are 4 odd natural numbers between 5 and 15. (Ans) (ii) Out of all the given 9 natural numbers, 4 are odd. Remaining 9 — 4 = 5 numbers are even. 5 So, the required fraction = > (ans.) Example 11: The monthly income of a man is % 18,000. He gives one-third of it to his wife and the remaining one-third he spends on his children's education. Find : (56) Concise MATHEMATICS Middle Schoo! —7(i) the money he gave to his wife. (i) the money he spends on his children's education. (ji) the money still left with him, Solution : (i) The man gives to his wife = ; of & 18,000 , os ; x % 18,000 = ¢ 6,000 (Ans.) an Remaining money = % 18,000 - & 6,000 = & 12,000 Money spent on his children’s education = : x % 12,000 = : x% 12,000 = € 4,000 (Ans.) (ii) The money still left with the man = % 12,000 - & 4,000 = < 8,000 (Ans.) Example 12: i 3 23 7 Subtract the sum of > and = fr == ae 4 from the sum of 34 and a 8 Solution : 1 Sum of — and um of zg , fa, And, sum of 3 (Ans.) (Ans.) Example 13 : A man spent 2 of his savings and still has = 1,000 left with him. How much were his savings ? Solution : 2 The man spent 7 of his money. . He still has 1 2 + He still has 1 — > Note : In fractions, the whole quantity is always taken as 1. Since, 3 of his savings = % 1,000 Fractions (Including Problems) oT) (57) 5 =F of his savingsoN (Ang) < eavi _5 Zz His savings = % 1,000 + > = 1,000x > =< 1,409 Example 14: 1 = of a pole is in the mud. When = of it is pulled out, 250 cm of the . 7 3 Pole is sty h the mud. What is the full length of the pole ? Solution : 1 4 of the pole — 3 of the pole = 250 cm 41 > (3 7 3) of the pole = 250 cm 5 4 = = of the pole = 250 cm [ii-82 5 ai 7 30a ty 21 = Length of the pole = 250 x = cm = 1050 cm 5 (Ans) 1. A line AB is of length 6 cm. Another line CD is of length 15 cm. What fraction is : (i) the length of AB to that of CD ? 1 1 (ii) > the length of AB to that of 3 of CD ? 1 (ii) of CD to that of AB? bi ( - 2) ft th if = 1d 7 2. Subtract 7 ~ 3y) from the sum of 7, > and 75. 3. From a sack of potatoes weighing 120 kg, a merchant sells portions weighing 6 kg, 1 1 3 55 kg, 95 kg and 95 kg respectively. (i) How many kg did he sell ? (ii) How many kg are still left in the sack ? 1 1 1 4. If a boy works for six consecutive days for 8 hours, 73 hours, 87 hours, 67 hours, 3 6 hours and 7 hours respectively, how much money will he earn at the rate of % 36 per hour ? 1 1 2 5. A student bought 43 m of yellow ribbon, 6S m of red ribbon and 35 m of blue ribbon for decorating a room. How many metres of ribbon did he buy ? ‘ 2 6. In a business, Ram and Deepak invest 2 and 5 of the total investment. If € 40,000 is the total investment, calculate the amount invested by each. ) 58 — — —— Concise MATHEMATICS Middle Schoo! —77. Geeta had 30 problems for home work. She worked out é of them. How many problems were still left to be worked out by her ? 8. A picture was marked at & 90. It was sold at 3 of its marked price. What was the sale price 7 9. Mani had sent ree parcels of oranges. What was the total weight of the parcels, if each weighed 105 kg 2 ‘ 10. A rope is 255 m long. How many pieces each of 1b m length can be cut out from it ? e (i 1 1 11. The heights of two vertical poles, above the earth’s surface, are 149 m and 223 m respectively. How much higher is the second pole as compared with the height of the first pole ? 7 , 1 2 1 12. Vijay weighed 655 kg. He gained 15 kg during the first week, iq kg during the 5 second week, but lost 6 kg during the third week. What was his weight after the third week ? 2 13. A man spends 5 of his salary on food and 2 on house rent, electricity, etc. What fraction of his salary is still left with him ? 2 3 14. A man spends 5 of his salary on food and 0 of the remaining on house rent, electricity, etc. What fraction of his salary is still left with him ? = 15. Shyam bought a refrigerator for = 5,000. He paid to of the price in cash and the rest in 12 equal monthly instalments. How much did he have to pay each month ? 1 16. A lamp post has half of its length in mud and 3 of its length in water. (). What fraction of its length is above the water ? (i) If az m of the lamp post is above the water, find the whole length of the lamp post. 17. | spent 2 of my savings and still have % 2,000 left. What were my savings ? 18. In a school é of the children are boys. If the number of girls is 200, find the number of boys. 19. If : of an estate is worth % 42,000, find the worth of the whole estate. 3 Also, find the value of 7 of it. 20. After going 3 of my journey, | find that | have covered 16 km. How much Journey is still left 2 Fractions (Including Problems), — —§ (5 >F eee 21. When Krishna travelled 25 km, he found that = of his journey was stil jon, it the length of the whole journey? a 22. From a piece of land, one-third is bought by Rajesh and one-third of remain | by Manoj. If 600 m2 land is stil left unsold, find the total area of the piece a Z M Sa ; 1 a 23..A boy spent = ‘of his money on buying clothes and a of the remaining Ping buying shoes. If he initially had % 2,400 how much did he spend on shoes 7 | 1 24. A boy spent 3 of his money on buying clothes and a of his money on buying If he initially had € 2,400, how much did he spend on shoes ? Concise MATHEMATICS Mile Sooo fl -