SPEED, DISTANCE AND TIME 1 2 SPEED 0 distance covered by a moving object in unit time is called its speed: 4. If the distance moved by an object is in is in seconds (Ss); its speed is in metres per second ce Nae (m) and time is in Distance in metres (m) Thus, speed in metres per second (ms-!) = ‘a Time in seconds (5) . If the distance covered by an object is in kilometres (km) and time is in hours, 2 its speed is in kilometres per hour (km h-). Thus, speed in Kilometres per hour = Distance inlometres (en) é Time in hours (h) Moreover = Distance Time _ Distance Speed = “Time Centimetres (cm)| Seconds (s) | Centimetres per second (om s) 2.| Metres (m) Minutes (min) | Metres per minute (m/min) Kilometres (km) | minutes (min) | Kilometres per minute (km min!) and so on. Example 7 ‘A boy walks 300 metres in 2 minutes. Find his speed in : (i) m/min (m min“) (ii) m/sec (ms~) (ii) krv/h (km fh) Solution : () «= Distance = 300 m and time = 2 min Distance 300m i a tT Ans Spee Time 2min 150 m min ns. (i) - Distance = 300 m and time = 2 min = 2 x 60 sec = 120 sec 300m 5 = 800m) ns! = 25 ms ; Speed = 20sec ~ 2 ms"! = 2.5 ms Ans ‘i Di = 300 m= km = 0:9 k (i) — Distance = 300 m = jo99 km = 0:3 km 2 1 and, time = 2 min = G> N= gq Hr 0:3 ki Speed = — = 0:3 x 30 km ht = 9 km ht Ans. h DISTANCE a covered by a moving body = Its speed x Time taken by it4 We speed = 10 km het and time = ah, okm teh 2h = 20 kin the distance covered = Speed x tine = h it epoed = 4 kr min tar te = F h speed x time = 4 km mint x 2h Seenmn sec es 0 M0 = 480 km 2 the distance covered G&S twe 1 ject covers a distance of 800 m with a speod of 40 m8 pistance covered —_ 800M. 4g 4 object = er) Cent 1, tan obj the time taken by the harman cwers a dare ot 4 kr with a pond of 12 KF Distance 4m her the time taken by him = “gpeed = qakmh! 3 h=g Example 2: A man covers a distance of 3: (his speed in km h~". (ii) distance covered by him in three hours, (iv) time taken by him to cover a distance of 48 km. x 60 min = 20 Ini -6 km in 24 min. Find : (i) his speed in ms'. Solution : 24 () «= Distance covered = 3:6 km and time taken = 24 min = go hour = 2 hour Distance _ 26km 5 eee =36x © km ir! = ' tis speed = MEE? = “Z7y = 96x 5 kmbt=askmn’ AN (i) = Distance = 3:6 km = 3:6 x 1000 m = 9600 m and 440 sec time = 24 min = 24 x 60 sec = Distance _ 600m _ 5 SS aeete ceuTime: 14409 on2 (ii) ~ Speed = 9 km h~ and time = 3 hr Distance covered = Speed x time = 9 km ht x 3 hr = 27 km An .8 km and speed = 9 km h-! =25 ms an (iv) Distance Distance __48km 48, _ 48 Speed ~ 9kmh! a G@@ conversion oF units . Time taken = h x 60 min = 32 min An From km h-! to ms“! : eee. oom, hour: 60x60s ~ 18 Concise MATHEMATICS Middle Schoa~18 3 Km = 36 km ht re 18 15 ms“ = 15 x = km ft = 54 km bt 18 ls 4 = a 4.5 ms = 4.5 x > km tr = 0.9 x 18 km bt = 16:2 km bh m min: = 54 m min” covered in 20 minutes. Find the speed in : (ii) metre per second (ms~') hr? Ans. Time a km = 3.6 x 1000 m = 3600 m 20 x 60 sec = 1200 sec‘i ‘ pe a ‘Acar covers 975 m distance In 28 seo, ln kr, (i) Find Its spee vance of 528 m with the same speed, find {ithe car covers @alstance of 525 1 1K, Nd the ty, ty, Sofytion : a7 mand the time taken = 25 soc \ i)» Distance =S ‘ Distance 875m Speed = “Time 258 (i) «Distance = 625 m and spoed = 15 ms"! Distance _ 525m Time taken= “Speed ~ 15ms"' Example 5: ‘A certain distance is covered in 40 minutes with a speed of 15 kmh. Hp, distance is covered in 30 minutes, find the increase in speed. 1 = 15 mes 15 x 2 km hts 5 54 km jy Solution In the first case ‘ Distance covered 40 2 Time = 40 min = G h= 3 hand speed = 15 kmh! Speed x time 15 km ht x ; h= 10 km 10 km and time = 30 min = 22 = 1p, 60 2 In the second case : Distance Distance _ 40k qm = 10 x 2 km b= 20 km h-? aye Tina a, 2 Increase in speed = 20 km h- — 15 km h-! = 5 km ho! k Example 6 : A journey of 360 km is covered in 5 hours. If two-third of the journey is covered, a speed of 80 knv/h, find the speed with which the remaining journey is covered Solution For two-third of the journey Distance x 360 km = 240 km and speed = 80 km/h. Distance 240 km Speed ~ 80kmh"' For the remaining journey Distance = 360 km ~ 240 km = 120 km Time taken = and, time =5h-3h=2h Distance _ 120km x Speed = Tine = py = 80 kemvh c If the speed is lower! ‘certain distance is covered in 5 hours at 60 km trmae snes case : Distance covered = Speed x time et é 60 km h~! x 5 h = 200 kim a second case : Distance = 300 km and speed = 60 km h~! — 10 km h-! = 50 km ht in Time taken = Distance __300km _ a Speed Sokmn* = 6 e taken =6h-Sh=4 h ae » [convert ry 36 km/h to m/s (ii) 54 km/h to em/s (iii) 60 m/s to km/h (iv) 540 cm/s to km/h ri in the blanks : Distance by 4 mB 48 km/h Rohit covers a distance of 140 m with the speed of 75 km/h. How much extra time will he take to cover a distance of 400 m with the same speed ? Which is greater : 72 knvh or 21 m/s ? A journey is covered in 3 hours with a speed of 90 km h-!. What must be the speed, if the same journey is to be completed in 5 hour ? A certain distance is covered in 50 minutes with a speed of 60 km per hour. How much extra time will be needed, if the distance is kept same and the speed is halved? Geeta covers 800 metres in 5 minutes. () How much distance will she cover in half an hour ? (i) How much time will she take to cover 6-4 km ? [Take the speed same for both the cases,] 8, Abus, going at 60 km per hour, takes 4 hours to travel from Delhi to Agra. (i) How much time will the bus take to cover the same distance, if its speed is in- creased by 20 km per hour ? (ii) How much extra time will the bus take in going from Delhi to Agra, if its speed is teduced by 20 km per hour ? _ Ananimal is walking at a speed of 6 km per hour, __ (i) How much distance will it walk in 8 minutes 7 (ii) How much time will it take to cover 600 metres with the same speed ? between two stations A and B is 80 km. Manoj goes from station A to station @ certain speed and returns back to station A, with the same speed, in Find the speed of Manoj, I distance between two cars A and B is 220 km. At 6 am., car A starts car B at 40 km/h and at 7 a.m. car B starts moving towards car A at time when cars A and B will meet. B after x hrs. x hrs, car B moves for (x — 1) hrs A in xhrs + distance moved by car B in (x — 1) hrs = 220 km= > 42, How much distance will be covered by a car in 24 seconds at 45 kmiy > 9 with TECtigg 13. A car is moving with a speed of 72 km h~! and another car is movin, of 16 ms“. If both the cars start from the same place, in the same qi FS in hy the same time, find the difference of distances covered by both the ca (ii) 15 seconds 1° hm, (0 1 second 14, A distance of 6 km is covered in 8 minutes. If the same distance is to b, 4 minutes, by how much must the speed be increased ? 725) AVERAGE SPEED q 170 km 20 km pees O lr Oo @inth a 50 km P inh in2h ‘Suppose, a car goes from place A to place B through places P and Q. The ca, from A to P, a distance of 50 km in 2 h, then from P to Q, a distance of 170 km and finally from Q to B, a distance of 20 km in 1 h. Clearly, the total distance covered by the car in going from place A to place 8 = 50 km + 170 km + 20 km = 240 km and, the total time taken by the car in going from place A to place B =2h+3h+1h=6h 240 km Speed = 55 = 40 km per hour The speed so obtained is called average speed which is obtained on dividing », total distance covered by the total time taken. Example 8 : A, B, C and D are four stations. A boy goes from A to B, a distance of 54 km, three hours, from B to C, a distance of 18 km in 30 minutes and finally from C top distance of 45 km in one hour. Find the average speed of the boy. Solution : Clearly, total distance covered = 54 km + 18 km + 45 km = 117 km. and, total time taken = 3h + 30 min+ 1h 1 1 9 =Sh+gh+th=45 ha > Total distance covered Average speed = ~ “Total time taken 147km 2 = “Uy = 117% 5 kmh = 26 kmh" Ans " Example 9 : A car covers 250 km, 120 km and 50 km with the speeds 50 km/hr, 40 km/hr at 25 km/hr respectively. Find its average speed on the whole journey. Time = Distance ~ Speed . . 250 Time taken in 1st part = 0 hr = 5 hr i i, ee OnTime taken in 2nd part et ara, te tAKEN in Sed par = SO Total time taken zee. total distance covered - pe. ered = 259 km ands + 120 km + 50 Average speey - 420km SO kn yaTIVE SPEED Rl @ relative speed Between two The with respect to the other moving objects is the speed of relative speed between two aunt oun: me the increase or ace Moving objects Gistance between them in unit inl 1Ohr = 42 keh two objects are moving in when : 1. Win = sum of their speeds opposite directions, the relative speed between the given diagram, two objects In ects are moving (a) _x krvh y krvh Man speeds x km/h and y knvh in 9 directions. The relative speed between ‘berm = sum of their speeds = (x + y) km/h Sah : y kmh re (a), the distance between ad ‘one hour. the two objects is decreasing by (x + y) km "igure (b), the distance between ; ry one Hour. the two objects is increasing by (x + y) km in men two objects are moving in e . ee Dp roel betireon oa i pele direction, the relative speed between In the given diagram, two objects are moving with speeds x km/h and y km/h in the same = ——> yn. The relative speed between them x kovh y km/h directio = difference between their speeds = (x y) km/h, when x is greater than y. a = (y— X) km/h, when y is greater than x. ig case, the distance between the two objects is decreasing elther by (x - by (y — x) km in every one hour. | ] => Relative speed = 30 km/h + 20 km/h = 50 km/h (60 + 40) km/h = 90 km/h = Relative speed = Relative speed = (30 - 20) km/h = 10 km/h Relative speed = (85 - 70) km/h = 15 km/h. jects at a given time the objects x ti>. ‘one of them walks at 8 km per hoy, joen the boys at the end of 5 hoy 5 ite directions. ity Example 10: Two boys start from the same other at 9 km per hour. Find the dist walk in the : (i) same direction place. tance betwt (il) opposi Solution : ; (i) When the boys walk in the same direction : bn Pakiweaneede Slag ~ 6th exol/ The distance between the two boys at the end of 5 hours = Relative epeed x time = 1 kmin.x 6h = 8 km (i) When the boys walk in opposite directions * Relea epeed =iayanitr-aeimUy = MZ The distance between the two boys at the end of 5 hours = Relative speed x time = 17 kmh x 5h = 85 km yp, Any Alternative method : () For 1st boy : Speed = 8 km/h and time = 5 h 9 40K = Distance covered = Speed x time = 8 km/h x 5h = 40 km For 2nd boy : ‘Speed = 9 km/h and time = 5h a A = Distance covered = 9 km/h x 5 h = 45 km 45 km The distance between the two boys at the end of 5 h | = 45 km — 40 km = 5 km Ay | (ii) Required distance = 40 km + 45 km Poth ae = 85 km Ae AO: | | G2Q) Tran | In order to cross a pole or a stationary person by a moving train, the distance covered by the train = the length of the train. 2. In order to cross a platform (or, a bridge, etc.) by a moving train, the distance covered by the train = length of the train + length of the platform (or, a bridge, etc.), Example 11: , ‘A 540 metre long train is running at a speed of 81 km/hr. Find th ea eeumete on 9 per ind the time taken by te The distance covered by the train to cross a pole = Length of train = 540 metre its speed = 81 kmh = 81 x <= ms = “ mis = 540m _ 540x2 Sims 15 sec = 24 sec Ars ong, takes one minute in crossing a tunnel 840 m long. Findj availed by the train ranco wave “Org Of the trae pie * hangin Of the tunnel 160m UMe taken 1 min , and pe sh POR I 0 ney 60) ~ gs latform 270 os 4 pla ™ Tong in 38 ptt ty the spood of the train in km ty ind and @ man standing on the platiorn in (i) the tongth of the train co covered in 38 5 stan Length of the train + 2 ) Oegeanco Ce 20 5 = length of the hin ae ane prracting, We Get : Distance covered in 19 4 = 2 on 5! Distance _ 270m ca gpeed = “Time ~ 18s = 15 m/s = 15x ® km/h = 54 km/h Ane. Length of the train = Distance Covered by the train in 20 : = Speed x time = 15 mis x 20 5 = 300 m —e thod 2 ive the length of the train = x m (0. pistance covered in 38 sec = Length of the train + i x + 270) m Speed = X+270 8 length of the platform ms Distance covered in 20 sec = Length of the train = xm Speed = ~ = 39 ms ince, speed in both the cases will be same, x +270 Xi 38. = 20 = 38x = 20x + 5400 18x = 5400 = oe, e., 1g 'M= 300 m eee ely 20 Speed = 39 V8= "255 = 15 ms 18 = 15x kmh = 54 km ht Ans. and, (il) The length of the train = xm = 300 m Ans. rain covers 200 km in the first two hours, then 126 km in the next 2 hours and ly 143 km in the last 3 hours. Find the average speed of the train for the whole journey. travels at a speed of 72 km/h for 5 hours and at a speed of 90 km/h for . Find the average speed of the bus for the whole journey. a distance of 80 km, the first 60 km is covered at a speed of 40 km/h and g distance at a speed of 20 km/h. Calculate the average speed.4. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14, 15. oN P and Q are two stations. A car i . Goes from station P to stati and returns back at a speed of 30 km/hr Find the average eas Pe Let the ce betwe stance between stations P and Q = x km. For the entire journey, distance = xkm + x km = 2x km and, time t ees eS Xd a faken = 2 he ~ ne ea 21 kanh, the second part of 90 km at 4 spe dthe eed ata ed of 135 ki Shee at a speed of 75 km/h, Find : i mr ee (i the distance covered at a speed of 75 km, : (ii) the total time taken, (iii) the average speed for the whole journey. A moter-cycle covers a distance Of 72 km at a speed of 36 km/h and a dist 185 km at a speed of 45 km/hr. Find the average speed of the motor-cycig Speed of car P is 120 km/h and speed of car Q is 75 km/h. “ If both are Moving in opposite directions, what is their relative speed ? (li) What is their relative speed when they are moving in the same direction > A train 900 m long, crosses a pole in 45 sec. Find its speed in km per hour Find the length of the train moving at a speed of 90 kn/h, if it passes a Stan, man in 8 seconds. A 100 m long train passes a 200 m long platform in 20 seconds. Find the Spee, the train. Two cars start from the same place with Speeds 80 km/h and 50 km/h. Fing distance between the two cars at the end of 3 hours, if : (i) they are going in the same direction. (ii) they are going in the opposite directions. A train, 80 m long, passes a platform 220 m long. 45 km/h, find the time taken by the train. The speed of a bus is 90 km/h and the speed of a truck is 72 km/h. Both s from the same place. Find the distance between the two after 20 sec If the speed of the trai when they go in the : a (i) same direction (ii) opposite directions. 1 i in4> 2 sex A train passes a 50 m long railway platform in 45 seconds and a pole in 2 secon i ir it dd. Find the length of the train and its spee A train passes a platform, 225 m length, in 21 sec and a man, standing ont platform, in 6 sec. Find : 4 ; (i) the length of the train. (ii) the speed of the train. 4