CHY 1002 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE

DIGITAL ASSIGNMENT-01

M RANJITH KUMAR 20BAR0032

(KRISHNAGIRI- 1972)
NATIVE PLACE INFORMATION

LOCATION-KRISHNAGIRI DISTRICT

STATE - TAMIL NADU

Krishnagiri, the 30th district of Tamil Nadu, holds a rich history as the
holy land of wise scholars and courageous individuals. Blessed with green
valleys and black granite hillocks, it was carved out of Dharmapuri
district. The name "Krishnagiri" comes from 'Krishna,' meaning black, and
'giri,' meaning hill. The region, once under the rule of Krishna Deva Raya,
is believed to be named after the king. Bounded by Vellore and
Thiruvannamalai in the East, Karnataka in the West, Andhra Pradesh in the
North, and Dharmapuri in the South, the district spans 5143 sq. km.
With elevations from 300m to 1400m above sea level, it experiences a
diverse climate, from hot in the east to cold in the west. The region
showcases linguistic and religious diversity, with Tamil, Telugu, and
Kannada spoken, and Hinduism, Islam, and Christianity as major religions.
Krishnagiri stands as a symbol of national integration and religious
harmony, reflecting a blend of cultures and traditions.
1. MICROCLIMATE

Krishnagiri, located in Tamil Nadu, India, experiences a tropical climate

with hot summers and moderate winters. Summers are typically hot, with
temperatures often exceeding 40°C (104°F). Monsoon season brings
rainfall between June and September, while winters are relatively mild,
with temperatures ranging from 15°C to 25°C (59°F to 77°F). Local
variations in climate can occur, so it's advisable to check current weather
conditions for more accurate information.

2.VEGETATION

Major vegetation is influenced by its tropical climate. The region features

a mix of deciduous and evergreen forests, with a variety of plant species.
Common trees include teak, sandalwood, neem, tamarind, and bamboo.
The area is also known for agricultural activities, with crops like mangoes,
guavas, pomegranates, and mulberries thriving in the fertile soil.
Krishnagiri's diverse flora contributes to its ecological richness
The important crops of Krishnagiri District are Paddy, Maize, Ragi,
Banana, Sugarcane, Cotton, Tamarind, Coconut, Mango, Groundnut,
Vegetables and Flowers. The district has an excellent scope for agri
business. Regional Agricultural Research Center of Tamil Nadu Agricultural
University is functioning efficiently at Paiyur in Kaveripattinam union since
1973 AD. This center is functioning in 18.5 hec. of land. quality.
 (major cultivation -mango)

3. TOPOGRAPHY

Topography is characterized by undulating terrain with hills, plateaus, and

plains. The region is part of the Eastern Ghats, and the Krishnagiri
Reservoir is a notable feature.
The hills and slopes contribute to the scenic landscapes, providing a mix
of elevated areas and lower plains. Agriculture is prominent in the plains,
while the hills and plateaus may have natural vegetation and rocky
outcrops. Overall, Krishnagiri's topography adds to its geographical
diversity.
4. SOIL CONDITION

It is primarily red and lateritic, typical of the region. This type of soil is
well-drained but tends to be less fertile compared to other soil types.
The presence of iron oxides gives the soil its characteristic red color.
Agriculture in Krishnagiri is influenced by this soil composition, with crops
adapted to these conditions. Proper soil management practices are
essential for optimizing agricultural productivity in the area.

5. POLLUTION

Quarries in the Krishnagiri region, driven by the demand for construction

materials, have been a source of environmental concern. The extraction of
minerals and rocks from these quarries can result in significant
environmental degradation, including air and water pollution.
Dust emissions from blasting and transportation activities contribute to
poor air quality, impacting respiratory health in nearby communities.
Runoff from quarry sites can contaminate local water sources, posing
risks to both aquatic ecosystems and human populations dependent on
these water bodies. Efforts to address these issues require effective
regulation, sustainable quarrying practices, and the implementation of
pollution control measures to minimize the environmental impact and
safeguard the health of the Krishnagiri community.

(Granite quarry mining)

6. IMPACT OF ARCHITECTURE/BUILDINGS/URBAN PROJECTS

OVER THE ENVIRONMENT

Urban development in Krishnagiri can have diverse environmental impacts

contingent on factors such as design, materials, and construction
practices. Large-scale projects may disrupt local ecosystems, impacting
flora and fauna. Altered water flow patterns, increased runoff, and
pollution are concerns for water management.
Construction activities and heightened traffic can contribute to air
pollution, affecting air quality. The energy efficiency of buildings is crucial,
and sustainable practices can mitigate negative effects. Waste
generation is a significant issue, emphasizing the need for proper waste
management and sustainable construction methods.
Incorporating green spaces in urban planning can positively influence the
environment, promoting biodiversity and enhancing aesthetics.
Krishnagiri's local authorities should implement measures for sustainable
development, balancing growth with environmental conservation. For
specific details, consulting recent local reports or authorities is
recommended.

7. IMPACT OF DEFORESTATION/ ERADICATING GREEN BELTS ON

YOUR ENVIRONMENT

Urban development in Krishnagiri brings about various environmental

impacts. Habitat alteration due to changes in land use may disrupt natural
habitats and biodiversity. Increased impervious surfaces from buildings
and roads affect water resources, altering flow patterns and
groundwater recharge. Construction activities contribute to air pollution,
impacting local air quality.
Urbanization also contributes to climate change, with urban heat island
effects leading to higher temperatures. Balancing development with
environmental conservation through sustainable practices and responsible
land-use planning is crucial to mitigate these impacts in Krishnagiri.
Regular monitoring and adaptive policies are essential to address
emerging environmental challenges associated with urban growth.

(cutting of mango farm trees for realestate growth)

8. WATER BODY AND QUALITY OF WATER
The main rivers that flow across the district are Kaveri and South Pennar
Kaveri enters the district from South West in Denkanikottai taluk and
exists in South West direction. It forms a waterfalls at Hokenakkal and
joins Mettur Dam. South Pennar originates in Nandidurg of Karnataka and
flows through Hosur, Krishnagiri and Uthangari Taluks. Vanniyar and
Markanda rivers join this South Pennar.

Krishnagiri Reservoir Project, Shoolagiri-Chinnar Reservoir, Thangarai

Reservoir, Pambar Reservoir, Kelevarapalli Reservoir Project and Baarur
Tank are the sources of irrigation for our district. By all these water
reservoirs 18,965 Hec. of land is irrigated.

(KRP DAM)
9. FLORA AND FAUNA – IMPACT OF THE CHANGING
ENVIRONMENT

The evolving environment in Krishnagiri, shaped by urbanization, climate

change, and agriculture, poses direct and indirect threats to local flora
and fauna. Habitat loss due to urbanization and agriculture impacts native
species, while changes in land use and climate conditions lead to shifts in
biodiversity. Climate change influences temperature and precipitation,
affecting the behavior and distribution of plant and animal species.
Pollution and altered water availability impact aquatic ecosystems,
including the Krishnagiri Reservoir. Invasive species may thrive in changed
conditions, posing a threat to native flora and fauna. Altered landscapes
and climate conditions influence wildlife migration patterns. Conservation
efforts, sustainable land management, and community awareness are vital
to mitigate these impacts and safeguard Krishnagiri's unique biodiversity.
Collaboration among local authorities, environmental organizations, and
communities is crucial for effective conservation measures.

10. IMPACT ON HEALTH DUE TO ENVIRONMENT

The health impact of the environment in Krishnagiri is influenced by

several factors. Poor air quality from industrial emissions, vehicle exhaust,
and dust can lead to respiratory issues. Contaminated water sources
pose health risks, emphasizing the importance of access to clean drinking
water. Changes in environmental conditions can affect the prevalence of
vector-borne diseases like malaria and dengue. Climate-related factors
contribute to heat-related illnesses and infections. Improperly managed
industrial activities may release pollutants, impacting residents' health
through air and water contamination. Monitoring, pollution control
measures, and public health initiatives are crucial to mitigate these health
risks in Krishnagiri. Regular health assessments and awareness campaigns
contribute to the overall well-being of the community.
THANK
YOU