Quadrat ic Expressions 1 1

d) Find + ( March-2010 )
1. If α , β are the roots of ax2 +bx+c = 0 α β
then find ( Mar - 2008,09 )
−b
1 1
a) +
α2 β 2 1 1 α+β a = −b
Sol + = = c c
α β αβ
−b a
Sol Sumof the roots α + β =
a
α2 + β 2
c 2
α +β 2
α +β 2 2
Product of the roots αβ = e) = = α2 + β 2
a α −2 + β −2 1 1
Now 2
+ 2 α 2β 2
α β
2
1 1 α2 + β 2 (α + β ) − 2αβ ⎛ c ⎞⎟ c2
2
+ = = 2 2 ⎜
= α β = (αβ ) = ⎜⎜ ⎟⎟ = 2
2
α2 β 2 α2 β 2 (αβ )
2
⎝a⎠ a
2 f) Find α 4 β 7 + α 7 β 4
⎛ − b ⎞⎟ ⎛c⎞
⎜⎜ ⎟ − 2 ⎜⎜⎜ ⎟⎟⎟
⎝⎜ a ⎠⎟ ⎝a⎠
α 4 β 4 ⎡⎣⎢β 3 + α 3 ⎤⎦⎥ = (αβ ) ⎡⎢α 3 + β 3 ⎤⎥
4
=
⎛ c ⎞⎟
2 ⎣ ⎦
⎜⎜ ⎟
⎜⎝ a ⎠⎟
⎛ c ⎞⎟ ⎡ −b3 +3abc ⎤
4

b 2 − 2 ca = ⎜⎜⎜ ⎟⎟ ⎢⎢ ⎥
⎥
b 2 − 2c ⎝a⎠ ⎣ a3 ⎦
2 a2 b 2 − 2 ac
= a 2a = = 2) Find Quadratic equation whose
c c2 c2
a 2
a 2 roots are 7 ± 2 5 .(Mar - 2005,11
)
b) Find α 2 + β 2
Sol Let α = 7 + 2 5 β = 7−2 5
2
Sol α + β = (α + β ) − 2αβ
2 2
Now α + β = 7 + 2 5 + 7 − 2 5 =
⎛ −b ⎞ 2c
2 14
= ⎜⎜⎜ ⎟⎟⎟ −
⎝ a ⎠ a αβ (
= 7 + 2 5 7−2 5 )( )
b2 2c
( )
2 2
= 2
− = (7) − 2 5
a a
= 49 - 20= 29
b 2 − 2ac Quadratic eq having roots
=
a2
α , β is x − x (α + β ) + αβ = 0
2
c) Find α 3 + β 3

Sol
3
α 3 + β 3 = (α + β ) − 3αβ (α + β ) ⇒ x 2 −14 x + 29 = 0
3) find the Quadratic eq whose roots
3
⎛ −b ⎞ ⎛ c ⎞⎛ −b ⎞ are −3 ± 5i ( Mar - 2007)
= ⎜⎜⎜ ⎟⎟⎟ − 3⎜⎜⎜ ⎟⎟⎟⎜⎜⎜ ⎟⎟⎟
⎝ a ⎠ ⎝ a ⎠⎝ a ⎠ Sol Let α = −3 + 5i , β = − 3 − 5i
−b3 3bc −b3 +3abc Now α + β = −3 + 5i − 3 − 5i = -6
= + 2 =
a3 a a3 αβ = (−3 + 5i )(−3 − 5i )
 2 2
= (−3) − (5i ) ⇒ α β = −6
= 9 - 25i2
= 9 + 25 = 34 Quardratic eq having roots α, β is
Quadratic eq having roots α, β is
x 2 − x (α + β ) + αβ = 0
x 2 − x (α + β ) + αβ = 0
⇒ x − x (1) − 6 = 0
2

⇒ x 2 − x (−6) + 34 = 0
⇒ x2 − x − 6 = 0
⇒ x 2 + 6 x + 34 = 0 6) If x −15 − m ( 2 x − 8) = 0 has equal
2

4) Find the Quadratic eq whose

roots, find m(Mar 2004,2008)
p−q p+q
give x −15 − m ( 2 x − 8) = 0
2
roots are , - (Mar -2006) Sol
p+q p−q
⇒ x 2 −15 − 2mx + 8m = 0
p−q p+q
Sol Let α = ,β =− ⇒ x 2 − 2mx + 8m −15 = 0
p+q p −q
Comparing with ax 2 + bx + c = 0
2 2 a = 1, b = – 2m, C = 8m–15
p −q p +q ( p − q) −( p + q)
α +β = − = ax 2 + bx + c = 0 has equal roots
Now
p +q p −q ( p + q)( p − q)
−4pq ⇒ b 2 − 4ac = 0
= 2 2
p −q 2
⇒ (−2m ) − 4 (1)(8m −15) = 0
⎛ p − q ⎞⎟ − ⎛ p + q ⎞⎟
αβ = ⎜⎜ ⎟× ⎜⎜ ⎟ = −1 ⇒ 4m 2 − 32m + 60 = 0
⎜⎝ p + q ⎠⎟⎟ ⎝⎜ p − q ⎠⎟⎟
⇒ m2 − 8m + 15 = 0
Quadratic eq having roots α, β is
⇒ m 2 − 3m − 5m +15 = 0
x − x (α + β ) + α = 0
2

⇒ m (m − 3) − 5( m − 3) = 0
⎛ −4 pq ⎞⎟
⎜⎜
⎜⎝ p 2 − q 2 ⎠⎟⎟ ( )
⇒ x 2
− x ⎟+ −1 = 0 ⇒ (m − 5)(m − 3) = 0

⇒ m = 5(or ) 3
(4 pq )
⇒ x +x2
− (1) = 0 7) If (m + 1) x + 2 ( m + 3) x + ( m + 8) = 0
2
p2 − q2
has equal roots find m (Mar 2003)
⇒ x ( p − q ) + 4 pqx −( p − q ) = 0
2 2 2 2 2

Sol : (m + 1) x 2 + 2 (m + 3) x + (m + 8) = 0
5) Find the Quadratic equation for given eq has equal roots
which the sum of the roots is 1 and 2
⇒ b − 4ac = 0
the sum of the squares of the
2
roots is 13.(May-2007) ⇒ ⎡⎣ 2 (m + 3)⎤⎦ − 4 (m + 1)(m + 8) = 0
Sol Let α, β are the roots
⇒ 4 ( m + 3) = 4 ⎡⎢⎣ m 2 + m + 8m + 8⎤⎦⎥
2

given α + β = 1 , 2
α + β = 13 2

2 ⇒ m 2 + 6m + 9 = m 2 + 9m + 8
Now α 2 + β 2 = (α + β ) − 2αβ
⇒ 9 − 8 = 9m − 6m ⇒ 3m=1
⇒ 13 = 1− 2αβ
1
⇒ 13 −1 = −2αβ ⇒m =
3
⇒ 12 = −2αβ
8) Find the maximum value of
12 x − x 2 − 32 where X ∈ R (May - 2006 )
Sol Given 12 x − x 2 − 32 x 2 − x (α + β ) + αβ = 0
Here a = -1, b = 12, c = -32
Since a = −1 < 0 the expression 2
(m 2 − n 2 )
has absolute maximum ⇒x −x −1 = 0
mn
4ac − b 2
Maximum value is ⇒ (mn ) x 2 − x (m 2 − n 2 ) − mn = 0
4a
2
2 12. If x + bx + c = 0 ,
4 (−1)(−32) − (−12)
= x 2 + cx + b = 0(b ≠ c) have com-
4 (−1)
mon root,then show that b+c+1= 0
128 −144 −16 (Mar - 2005)
= = =4
−4 −4 Sol Let ‘ α ’ is the common root
9) Find the maximum (or) minimum
then α 2 + bα + c = 0 _______ (1)
2
value of 3 x + 2 x + 11
Sol given 3 x 2 + 2 x + 11 α 2 + cα + b = 0 _______ (2)
Here a =3, b = 2, c = 11 Now (1) - (2) ⇒
Since a = 3 > 0 the expression (b − c)α + c − b = 0
has absolute minimum
4ac − b 2 ⇒ (b − c)[α −1] = 0
minimum value =
4a
⇒ b − c = 0 (or)
2
4 (3 )(1 1 ) − ( 2 ) 132 − 4 128 32 α −1 = 0 ⇒ b = c (or) α = 1
= = = =
4 (3 ) 12 12 3
from (1) 1+b+c+ = 0
10. Prove that the roots (x-a) (x-b) = h2 13. If x – 6x+5 = 0 and x2 –12x+p=0
2

are always real. (May 2009) have a common root, find ‘p’.
Sol given (x-a) (x-b) = h2 sol Here a1 = 1 , b1 = -6 , c1 = 5 ,
⇒ x2 -bx - ax + ab = h2 a2 =1 , b2 = -12 , c2 = p.
⇒ x2 - x (a+b)+ab - h2 = 0
Consider b2 - 4ac
( c1a2 − c2 a2 ) 2 = ( a1b2 − a2b1 ) ( b1c2 − b2c1 )
= [- (a+b) ] 2 - 4(1) (ab-h2)
⇒ ( 5 − p ) = ( −12 + 6) ( −6 p + 60)
2

= (a+b)2 - 4ab+4h2
= a2+b2+2ab-4ab+4h2 ⇒ 25 + p 2 − 10 p = 36 p − 360
= (a-b)2+4h2 > 0
⇒ p 2 − 46 p + 385 = 0 ,
∴ The root are always real
11. Find the Quadratic equation ⇒ ( p − 35) ( p − 11) =0
m −n p =35 , 11
whose roots are ,
n m 14. Find the number which exceeds
its positive square root by 12.
Sol Let α, β are the roots
Let ‘x’ be required number
m ⎛⎜−n⎞⎟ m −n Given x = x + 12
α +β = +⎜ ⎟ =
n ⎜⎝ m ⎠⎟ n m
⇒ x − 12 = x
m − n α β = ⎛⎜ m ⎞⎟×⎛⎜ −n ⎞⎟
2 2
, ⎜⎜ ⎟⎟ ⎜⎜ ⎟⎟ = -1 ⇒ x 2 + 144 − 24 x = 0
mn ⎝n⎠ ⎝ m ⎠
⇒ x 2 − 24 x + 144 = 0
= −1
∴ Quadratic equation is ⇒ ( x − 9) ( x − 16) = 0 ⇒ x = 9, x = 16
 But x = 16 satisfies given condition. ⇒ ⎡⎣x − (1 + 2i)⎤⎦ ⎡⎣ x − (1 − 2i)⎤⎦ [ x − 4 ][x − 2] = 0
15. For what values of x, the expres-
sion x 2 − 5 x − 14 is positive.
⇒ ⎡⎣(x −1) −2i⎤⎦ ⎡⎣(x −1) + 2i⎤⎦ ⎡⎢⎣ x2 −6x + 8⎤⎥⎦ = 0
sol Here the discriminant ∆ = b 2 − 4ac
⇒ ⎡⎣⎢( x −1)2 − (2i )2 ⎤⎦⎥ ⎡⎣⎢ x 2 − 6x + 8⎤⎦⎥ = 0
= ( −5) − 4 (1) ( −14)
2

⇒ ⎡⎢⎣( x − 1)2 + 4 ⎤⎥⎦ ⎡⎢⎣ x 2 − 6 x + 8⎤⎥⎦ = 0

= 25+16 > 0
∴ the roots are real ⇒ ( x 2 − 4 + 5) ( x 2 − 6 x + 8) = 0
Now x 2 − 5 x − 14 =0
⇒ x 4 − 8x 3 + 25x 2 − 46 x + 40 = 0
⇒ ( x + 2) ( x − 7 ) = 0 3. If α, β , γ are the roots of
⇒ the roots are – 2 and 7 2
4 x 3 − 6x + 7x + 3 = 0 find the
Here coeff of x2 is 1 which is +ve Value of αβ + βγ + γα
Hence x 2 − 5 x − 14 is +ve for x< –2 Sol Given 4 x 3 − 6 x 2 + 7 x + 3 = 0
or x>7
Here a0 = 4 a1 = −6 a2 = 7 a3 = 3
16. For what values of x , the expres-
sion −6 x 2 + 2 x − 3 is negative a2
We have s2 =
a0
sol Here the discriminat ∆ = b 2 − 4ac
7
= 4 − 4 ( −6 ) ( −3) < 0 ⇒ αβ + βγ + γα =
4
the roots are complex
4. If 1,1,α are the roots of
Here coefficient of x2 is –6 which
is –ve x 2 − 6x 2 + 9x − 4 = 0 then find
α .(May-11)
Hence −6 x 2 + 2 x − 3 < 0 x ∈R
Sol given x 3 − 6 x 2 + 9 x − 4 = 0
THEORY OF EQUATION Here
1. Find the polynomial eq of the
lowest degree whose roots are a0 = 1 a1 = −6 a2 = 9 a3 = −4
1,-1,3 (march-2006)
−a1
Sol Let α = 1, β = −1, γ = 3 are given we have Sum of the roots S1 =
a0
roots
−(− 6 )
The eq having the roots α, β , γ is ⇒ 1+1+ α = = 6
1
(x − α)(x − β )(x − γ ) = 0 ⇒ 2+α = 6 ⇒ α = 4
⇒ ( x −1)( x + 1)(x − 3) = 0 5. If −1,2,α are the roots of
2x 2 + x 2 − 7x − 6 = 0 then find α .
⇒ ( x 2 − 1)(x + 3) = 0
Sol Given 2x 2 + x 2 − 7 x − 6 = 0
⇒ x 3 − 3x 2 − x + 3 = 0
−a1
2. Find the polynomial eq of the We have sum of the roots S1 =
lowest degree whose roots are a0
1 ± 2 i , 4,2 −1
Sol Let
⇒− 1 + 2 + α =
2
α = 1 + 2i β = 1 − 2i γ = 4, δ = 2
−1
The eq is ⇒−1 + α =
2
(x − α)(x − β )(x − γ )(x − δ ) = 0
 −1 x 4 − 16 x 3 + 86 x 2 −176 x + 105 = 0
⇒α = −1 Sol Here a0=1 a1=-16 a2=86 a3=-176
2
a4=105
−3
⇒α = −a1 16
2 S1 = = = 16
a0 1
6. If 1,-2,3 are the roots of
x 3 − 2x 2 + ax + 6 = 0 then find ‘a’ −a2 86
S2 = = = 86
(mar-2004) a0 1
Sol Here a 0=1 a1=-2 a2=a a3=6
−a3 176
a2 S3 = = = 176
We have S2 = a0 1
a0
−a4 105
a S4 = = = 105
⇒ αβ + βγ + γα = a0 1
1
10. Find the algebric equation whose
⇒ 1(−2) + (−2)(3) + 3(1) = a
roots are 3 times the roots of
⇒ −2−6 +3 = a
x 3 = 2x 2 − 4 x = 1 = 0 (mar-2009)
a=–5
Let f ( x ) = x + 2x − 4x + 1 = 0
3 2
7. If the product of the roots of
4 x 3 + 16 x 2 − 9 x − a = 0 is 9 find a. Sol The eq whose roots are 3 times
(May -2008) the roots of given eq is
⎛ x ⎞⎟
f ⎜⎜ = 0
⎜⎝ 3 ⎠⎟⎟
Sol Here a0=4 a1=16 a2=-9 a3=-a
3 2
⎛x⎞ ⎛x ⎞ ⎛x⎞
Given that product of the roots =9 ⇒ ⎜⎜ ⎟⎟ + 2 ⎜⎜ ⎟⎟ − 4 ⎜⎜ ⎟⎟ + 1 = 0
∴ S3=9 ⎝⎜ 3 ⎠⎟ ⎜⎝ 3 ⎠⎟ ⎝⎜ 3 ⎠⎟
−a3 x 2x 2 4 x
⇒ = 9 ⇒ −(−a ) = 9 ⇒ + − +1 = 0
a0 7 27 9 3
⇒ a = 36 x 3 + 6x 2 − 36x + 27
⇒ =0
8. If α, β and 1 are the roots of 27
x 3 − 2x 2 − 5x + 6 = 0 then find ⇒ x 3 + 6x 2 − 36 x + 27 = 0
α and β (Mar-2008,May-09) 11. Find the transformed eq whose
roots are nagatives of the roots of
Sol Here a 0=1 a1=-2 a2=-5 a3=6
−a1 −a3 x 2 + 5x 3 + 11x + 3x = 0
We have S1 = , S3 = Sol let f ( x ) = x 2 + 5x 3 + 11x + 3x = 0
a0 a0
The eq having negative roots is
−(−2) f(-x)=0
⇒ α + β +1 =
1 4 3
⇒ (−x ) + 5 (−x ) + 11 (−x ) + 3 = 0
−6
⇒ (α)(β )(1) = ⇒ α+β +4 ⇒ x 4 − 5x 3 −11x + 3 = 0
1
12. Find the polynormial eq whose
⇒ αβ = −6 roots are the reciprocals of the
2 roots of x 4 − 3x 3 + 7 x 2 + 5x − 2 = 0
α −β = (α + β ) − 4αβ
(March-11)
= 1 + 24 Let f ( x ) = x − 3x + 7x + 5x − 2 = 0
4 3 2

α−β = 5
1⎟ ⎛ ⎞
∴ α = 3, β = −2 Required eq is f ⎜⎜⎜ ⎟⎟ = 0
⎝x⎠
9. Find S1, S2,S3, S4 of
 Sol Here a0=1 a1=-2 a2-3 a3=-4
⎛ 1 ⎞⎟4 ⎛ 1 ⎞⎟3 ⎛ 1 ⎞⎟2 ⎛1 ⎞
⇒ ⎜ ⎟⎟ − 3⎜ ⎟⎟ + 7⎜⎜ ⎟⎟ + 5⎜⎜ ⎟⎟⎟ − 2 = 0
⎜ ⎜ +a2 −a1
⎜⎝ x ⎠ ⎜⎝ x ⎠ ⎜⎝ x ⎠ ⎝⎜ x ⎠
We have S2 = , S1 =
a0 a0
1 3 7 5 −a3
⇒ 4
− 3 + 2 + −2 = 0 S3 =
x x x x a0
1 − 3x + 7 x 2 + 5x 3 − 2 x 4 3
⇒ =0 ⇒ αβ + βγ + γα = =3
x4 1
⇒− 2x 4 + 5x 3 + 7x 2 − 3x + 1 = 0 2
⇒ α+β +γ = =2
⇒− 2x 4 − 5x 3 − 7x 2 + 3x −1 = 0 1
13. Find the polynormail equation +4
whose roots are the squares of ⇒ αβγ = = −4
1
the roots of x 2 + 3x 2 − 7 x + 6 = 0
Σ α2 β 2 = α 2β 2 + β 2 γ 2 + γ 2α2
(June-02)
Let f ( x ) = x + 3x − 7x + 6 = 0
2 2
Sol 2
= (αβ + βγ + γα) − 2αβγ (α + β + γ )
Required eq is f ( x)= 0 2
= (3) − 2 (+4)(2)
3 2 =9 -–16 = - 7
⇒ ( x) +3 ( x) −7 x + 6 = 0
Binomial Theorem
⇒ x x + 3x − 7 x + 6 = 0 1. Find the number of terms in the
expansion of (2x +3y +z)7
⇒ x x − 7 x = −(3x + 6) ( Mar - 2005, 2007 )
Sol The no of terms in the expansion
⇒ x (x 2 − 14 x = 49) = 9x 2 + 36x + 36 of (x1+x2+x3+------xr)n are
⇒ x 3 − 23x 2 + 13x − 36 = 0 n + r − 1cr −1
14. Find the polynomial equation
∴ No of terms = 7 + 3 − 1c3−1 =
whose roots are the translates of
those of the equation 9 ×8
5 4 2
9c2 = = 36
x − 4 x + 3 x − 4 x + 6 = 0 by -3 1× 2
Sol Let 9
⎛ 2x 3 y ⎞
f (x ) = x − 4x + 3x − 4x + 6 = 0
5 4 2
2. Find the 6 term in ⎜⎜⎜ + ⎟⎟⎟
th
⎝3 2⎠
Required eq is f(x+3)=0
Sol wehave general term
5 4 2
⇒ (x + 3) − 4(x + 3) + 3(x + 3) − 4 (x + 3) + 6 = 0 Tr +1 = ncr x n−r a r
15. Find the polynrmial equation
9−5 5
whose roots are the translates of ⎛ 2x ⎞ ⎛ 3 y ⎞⎟
T6 = T5+1 = 9c5 ⎜⎜ ⎟⎟⎟ ⎜ ⎟
those of the equation 3x5 −5x3 +7 = 0 ⎝⎜ 3 ⎠ ⎝⎜⎜ 2 ⎠⎟
by 4
24 35
Let f ( x ) = 3x − 5x + 7 = 0
5 3 3 5
Sol = 9c5 4 × x × 5 × y
3 2
5 3
⇒ 3 ( x − 4 ) − 5 ( x − 4) + 7 = 0 3
= 126 × × x 3 × y 5 = 189 × x3 × y 5
16. If α, β and γ are the roots of 2
x 3 − 2x 2 + 3x − 4 = 0 then find
Σ α 2β 2
 14 8 3
⎛ 3P ⎞ ⎛3⎞ ⎛ 4 ⎞⎟
3. Find the 10 term in ⎜⎜⎜ − 5q⎟⎟⎟
th
∴ coeff of x = 11c3 ⎜⎜⎜ ⎟⎟⎟
7 ⎜⎜ ⎟
⎝ 4 ⎠ ⎝7⎠ ⎝⎜ 5 ⎠⎟
Wehave general term 6. Find the term independent of x in
n 9
Tr +1 = ncr x n−r (−a ) ⎡ 2x2 15 ⎤
the expansion of ⎢⎢ 5 + 4 x ⎥⎥
⎣ ⎦
14−9
⎛ 3P ⎞ wehave general term
T10 = T9+1 = 14c9 ×⎜⎜ ⎟⎟⎟
9
⎜⎝ 4 ⎠ (−5q)
Tr +1 = ncr x n−r a r
5
⎛ 3P ⎞
= −14c5 ⎜⎜⎜ ⎟⎟⎟ (5q )
9
9− r
⎝ 4⎠ ⎛ 2 x 2 ⎞⎟ ⎛ 15 ⎞⎟r
= 9 Cr ⎜⎜ ⎟ ⎜
⎜⎝ 5 ⎠⎟⎟ ⎜⎜⎝ 4 x ⎠⎟⎟
4. Find the coefficient of x−6 in
9−r r
⎡ − 4⎤
10 ⎛ 2⎞ ⎛15 ⎞⎟ 1
= 9Cr ⎜⎜⎜ ⎟⎟⎟ ⎜ ⎟
18−2 r
x
⎢3x ⎥ wehave genral term
⎢⎣ x ⎥⎦ ⎝5⎠ ⎝⎜⎜ 4 ⎠⎟ x r
r
Tr +1 = ncr x n−r (−a ) 9−r r
⎛ 2⎞ ⎛15 ⎞⎟ 18−3 r
= 9cr ⎜⎜ ⎟⎟⎟ ⎜⎜ ⎟ x
⎛−4 ⎞
r
⎜⎝ 5 ⎠ ⎜⎝ 4 ⎠⎟
×⎜⎜ ⎟⎟⎟
10−r
= 10cr (3x )
⎜⎝ x ⎠ To get the term independent of x
wehave 18 - 3r = 0 ⇒ r = 6
9−6
= −10cr × 310−r × 4r x10−2r ⎛ 2⎞ ⎛15 ⎞⎟
6

∴ T6+1 = T7 = 9c6 ⎜⎜ ⎟⎟⎟ ⎜ ⎟

To find coeff of x-6 wehave 10- 2r = -6 ⎜⎝ 5 ⎠ ⎝⎜⎜ 4 ⎠⎟
3 6
⇒ 16 = 2r ⇒ r =8 ⎛ 2 ⎞ ⎛15 ⎞
= 9c3 ⎜⎜ ⎟⎟⎟ ×⎜⎜ ⎟⎟⎟
⎜⎝ 5 ⎠ ⎜⎝ 4 ⎠
∴ T8+1 = T9 = − 10 C × 310−8 × 48 × x −6 8 7. P.T
∴ coeff of x−6 = −10c2 × 32 × 48 C0 +3c1 +5c2 +.......... +(2n +1) cn =(2n +2) 2n−1
5. Find the coefficient of x 7 in Sol we have
n−1
11 aco +(a +d) c1 +(a +2d) c2 +.......... +(a +nd) cn =(2a +nd) 2
⎡ 3x 2 4 ⎤
⎢ + 3⎥ (May - 2006,Mar-2009) Here d = 2, a = 1
⎢ 7 5 x ⎥⎦
⎣ co +3c1 +5c2 +............+(2n+1) cn =⎡⎣2(1) +n(2)⎤⎦ 2n−1
Wehave general term ∴
Tr +1 = ncr x n−r a r
= ( 2n + 2) 2n−1
11−r
⎡ 3x2 ⎤ ⎛ 4 ⎞⎟
r
11−r 8. P.T
11Cr ⎢ ⎥ ⎜⎜ ⎟ 3 ⎛ ⎞
=11cr ⎜⎜ ⎟⎟
⎢ 7 ⎥
⎣ ⎦ ⎝⎜ 5 x 3 ⎠⎟ ⎜ ⎟ ⎝7⎠ 2c +5c +8c +............+(3n+2)c =(3n+4)2n−1
o 1 2 n
r we have
⎛ 4⎞ 1
x 22−2 r
×⎜⎜ ⎟⎟⎟ × 3 r = 11cr x 22−5r aco +(a +d) c1 +(a +2d) c2 +......... +(a +nd) cn =(2a +nd) 2
n−1
⎜⎝ 5 ⎠ x
Here a = 2
To find coeff of x7 wehave
22-5r = 7 = ⎡⎣ 2 ( 2) + n (3)⎤⎦ 2 n−1 = d=3
⇒ 15 = 5r ⇒ r = 3
11−3 3
= (3n + 4) 2n−1
⎛ ⎞ ⎛ 4 ⎞⎟ 7
∴ T3+1 = T4 = 11c3 ⎜⎜ 3 ⎟⎟ ⎜⎜ ⎟ x 9. P.T
⎝⎜ 7 ⎠⎟ ⎝⎜ 5 ⎠⎟
co + 3c1 + 32 c 2 + .......... + 3n cn = 4 n
Sol wehave n+1
2 3 n
(1+x) −1
n x x x x
(1 + x ) = co + c1 x + c2 x + ......... + Cn x
2 n
co+c1 +c2 +c3 +..........+cn =
2 3 4 n+1 (n+1) x
Pul x = 3
n 2 n
⇒ 4 = co + 3c1 + 3 c2 + ........ + 3 cn n +1
(1 + 3) −1
10. P.T Put x = 3 =
3(n + 1)
Co + 2c1 + 4c2 + 8c3 + ........... + 2n cn = 3n
(May - 2007) 4n+1 − 1
=
Sol co + 2c1 + 22 c2 + 23 c3 + ............ + 2n cn = 3n 3(n + 1)
we have 14. Find the set of values of ‘x’ for
n wh ich (3-4x)-7 is valid.(Mar - 2008)
(1 + x) = co + c1 x + c2 x 2 + ........... + Cn x n Sol Given (3-4x)-7
Put x = 2 −7
⎡ 4x ⎤
−7
n
3 = co + 2c1 + 4c2 + ..........2 cn n
= 3 ⎢1 − ⎥
⎢⎣ 3 ⎥⎦
11. Find the largest binomial. Coeffi-
cients of The expansion is valid if x <1
(i) (1+x)19 (ii) (1+x)24
Sol (1+x) 19
−4x
Here n=19 is an odd integer. ⇒ <1 ⇒ 4x < 3
3
Hence the largest binomial coeffi-
ncn−1 and ncn+1 3 ⎡ −3 3 ⎤
cients are ⇒ x< ⇒ x ∈ ⎢ , ⎥
2 2 4 ⎣⎢ 4 4 ⎦⎥
i.e 19c9 and 19c10 15. Find the set of value of x for which
(1+x)24 −2
Here n=24 an even integer. Hence (2 + 3x) 3 is valid .(Mar 2006,11)
the largest binomial coefficient is
−2
ncn , i.e 24c −2
−2
⎡ 3x⎤ 3
2
12 Sol given (2 + 3x ) 3 = 2 ⎢1+ ⎥
3
⎢⎣ 2 ⎥⎦
12. If 22cr is the largest binomial
coefficient in the expansion
The expansion is valid if x < 1
of(1+x)22 find the value of 13cr
(May-11) 3x
Sol (1+x)22 ⇒ 2 < 1 ⇒ 3x < 2
Here n=22 an even in teger .
Hence the largestbinomial coeffi- 2 ⎡−2 2⎤
⇒ x < 3 ⇒ x ∈ ⎢⎢ 3 , 3⎥⎥
ncn , i.e 22c =22c ⎣ ⎦
cient is
2
11 r
16. Find the set of value of x for which
−5
r = 11 (7 +3x) is valid .(May-2009)

13×12 ⎡ 3x⎤
−5
∴ 13cr = 13c11 = 13c2 = = 78 −5
(7 +3x)
−5
1× 2 Sol given =7 ⎢1+ ⎥
⎢⎣ 7 ⎥⎦
13. P.T The expansion is valid if x < 1
n n+1
3 9 27 3 4 −1 3x
co + c1 + c2 + c3 +............... + cn =
2 3 4 n +1 3(n + 2) ⇒ 7 < 1 ⇒ 3x < 7
Sol we have ⎡−7 7⎤
7
⇒ x < 3 ⇒ x ∈⎢⎢ 3 , 3⎥⎥
⎣ ⎦
 −5 −2
⎛ x⎞ in (1 − 3x) 5
17. Find the 6th term ⎜⎜⎜1 + ⎟⎟⎟
⎝ 2⎠
−p
−
p Sol we have general term of (1 − x ) q
we have general term of (1 + x ) q

r
r p( p +q)( p +2q)..........( p +(r −1) q) ⎛⎜ x⎞⎟
⎛ x⎞ Tr+1 = ⎜ ⎟⎟⎟
p( p +q)( p +2q).......... ⎡⎣ p +(r −1) q⎤⎦ ⎜⎜ ⎟⎟ r! ⎝⎜q⎠
r ⎜⎝q⎠⎟
Tr+1 =(−1)
r! x 3x
Here p = 2, q = 5, =
Here p = 5, q = 1, q 5
x x x
= =
q 2 2 2(2 + 5)( 2 + 2(5)......(2 +( r −1) 5)) ⎛3x ⎞r
= ⎜⎜ ⎟⎟
1 r! ⎜⎝ 5 ⎠⎟

⎡ ) ⎤⎥⎦ ⎛x⎞⎟5
5 ⎢⎣5(5+1)(5+2(1))............5+(5−11 r
T6 =T5+1=(−1) ⎜⎜ ⎟ 2 × 7 ×12.........5r − 3 ⎛⎜ 3x ⎞⎟
5! ⎜⎝2⎠⎟ = ⎜⎜⎝ ⎠⎟⎟
r 5
5
5 × 6 × 7 ×8 × 9 ⎛⎜ x ⎞⎟ x5 To get coeff of x6 we have r = 6
=− ⎜ ⎟ = −126 × 5
5× 4 × 3× 2 ×1 ⎜⎝ 2 ⎠⎟ 2 6
2 × 7 ×12.........23 ⎛⎜ 3 ⎞⎟
−2 = ⎜⎜⎝ ⎠⎟⎟
18. Find the 10th term of (3 − 4x ) 3 6! 5
−2 20. Find the middle terms of the
Sol given (3 − 4x ) 3 following expansion

2 −
2 Sol i) (2 x + 3 y )7
− ⎡ 4x⎤ 3
=3 3
⎢1 − ⎥ here n=7 is odd
⎢⎣ 3 ⎥⎦
th th
p ⎛ n + 1⎞ ⎛ n + 3 ⎞
middle terms= ⎜ , = 4th & 5th
⎝ 2 ⎟⎠ ⎜⎝ 2 ⎟⎠
−
we have genral term of (1 − x ) q

p( p +q)( p +2q)........⎡⎣ p +(r −1) q⎤⎦ ⎛ x⎞⎟r T4 = T3+1 = 7 c3 ( 2 x ) ( 3 y ) &

4 3
Tr+1 = ⎜⎜ ⎟
r! ⎜⎝q⎠⎟⎟
T5 = T4 +1 = 7c4 ( 2 x ) ( 3 y )
3 4

x 4x 4x
Here p = 2, q = 3, = =
q 3 9 ⎛ 5⎞
ii) ⎜⎝ 3x +
2
⎟ (Jun-05)
3 x3 ⎠
n=12 is even middle
⎣⎢ ( )( () [ ( ) ])⎤⎥⎦ ⎛4x⎞⎟9
−2 ⎡2 2 +3 2 + 2 3 ........... 2 + 9 −1 3
12 + 2
T10 = T9+1 =3 3 ⎜⎜ ⎟ = 7th
9! ⎝ 9 ⎠⎟ term=
2
−2 9 6
2×5×8×11×14×17×20×23×26 ⎛⎜ 4x ⎞⎟ ⎛ 5⎞
=3 3
9
⎜⎜⎝ ⎠⎟⎟
9
( )
T6 +1 = 12c6 3 x 2 6
⎜⎝ 3 ⎟⎠ = 12c6 ( 3) ( 5) / x
x
6 6 6

−2 9
2 × 5 ×8 ×11×14 ×17 × 20 × 23× 26 ⎛⎜ 4 x ⎞⎟ PERMUTATIONS
3 3
= ⎜⎜⎝ ⎠⎟⎟
9 × 8× 7 × 6 × 5× 4 × 3× 2 ×1 9
1. If np4 =1680 find n (May-2006)
19. Find the coefficient of x6
⇒ n(n-1)(n-2)(n-3) =1680
=168 × 10
 =10× 8× 21 = 13p5
=10×8 ×7×3 r=5
=8 × 7 × 5× 2× 3 7. Find the number of ways of arrang-
=8 ×7 ×6×5 ing the letters of the word TRI-
ANGLE So that the relative positions
n=8
of the Vowels and Consonants are
2. If n
p3=1320 find n not distrubed
(Mar-2005,May-2008) Sol given word is TRAINGLE
⇒ n(n-1)(n-2)=132×10 vowels :A, I,E
⇒ n(n-1)(n-2)=12× 11 × 10 n=12 Consonants :T,R,N,G,L
3. If 12pr =1320 find r The 3 vowels and 4 consonants in
12pr =132×10 their relative positions can be
=12× 11× 10 arranged in 3! x 4! ways
12pr =12p3 8. Find the number ways of aranging
the letters of the word KRISHNA. In
r=3
how many of themall the vowels
4. If np7 =42 np5 find ‘n’.(May-07,11) come together . (2005, 09)
n(n-1)(n-2)(n-3)(n-4)(n-5)(n-6)=42n(n-1) sol Given word is KRISHNA (7)
(n-2)(n-3)(n-4)
Vowels : I,A (2)
⇒ (n-5)(n-6)=42
Consonants : K,R,S,H,N (5)
⇒ (n-5)(n-6)=7×6 Treating the 2 Vowels as 1 unit, the
⇒ n-5=7 (or) n-6=6 5 consonants and this unit (total 6
⇒ n=12 units) can be arranged in 6! ways
the 2 vowels canbe arranged
5. If n+1p5:np6=2:7 find n.(Mar-2007)
internally in 2!ways.
n +1 p5 2 ∴ Requaired no of ways = 6!2!
Sol =
np6 7 9. Find the no of ways of arranging
the letters of the word MONDAY so
= that no vowel occupy even place
(n+1)(n+1−1)(n+1−2)(n+1−3)(n+1−4) 2
= sol Given word MONDAY (6)
n(n−1)(n−2)(n−3)(n−4)(n−5) 7
Vowel : O,A
(n + 1) Consonants : M,N,D,Y
2
= The 2 vowels in 3 odd places can
(n − 4)(n − 5) 7
be arranged in 3 P2 ways and 4
⇒ 7(n + 1) = 2(n2 − 9n + 20) consonants can be arranged in
remaining places in 4! ways.
⇒ 2n2 −18n + 40 − 7n − 7 = 0 ∴ reqaied no of ways = 4! × 3P2
⇒ 2n 2 − 25n + 33 = 0 10. Find the number of 5 Letter words
that can be farmed using the
⇒ 2n( n −11) − 3( n −11) = 0 letters of the word RHYME if each
⇒ (2n − 3)( n −11) = 0 Letter can beused any number of
times
3
⇒n= ( or ) n = 11
2
6. If 12p5+5 12p4=13pr finds r Sol
We have n-1pr + n-1pr-1=npr 5 5 5 5 5
= 12p5+5 12p4
The no of 5 letter words that can
= 12p5+5 12p5-1 be farmed =nr=55
= (12+1)p5
11. The no of 4 digit numbers that can beads . (Mar-2008)
be farmed using the digits Sol given no of beads n=6
1,2,4,5,7,8,
Req no of ways
when repetition is allowed
(n −1)! (6 −1)! 5!
= = =
2 2 2
19. Find the no.of ways of arranging 7
Sol
gents and 4 ladies around a circu-
6 6 6 6 lar table if no two ladies wish to sit
The no of 4 digit numbers that can together
be farmed =nr=64 Sol First arrange 7 gents with gaps in
12. The number of 4-digit telephone (7-1)! ways = 6! ways now 4 ladies
numbers that canbe farmed using in 7gaps canbe arranged in 7P4
the digits 1,2,3,4,5,6 with at least ways
one digit repeated. ∴ Requaired no.of ways = 6! × 7P4
Sol Givin digits 1,2,3,4,5,6then n=6 20. Find the no.of ways of arranging
Req no of digits =4 i.e r =4 the chief minister and 10 cabinet
Required permutations =nr-npr ministers at a circular table so that
the cheif minister always sit in a
= 64-6p4
particular seat.
13. Find the number of functions from
Sol First arrange the C.M in a fixed
a set A containing 4 elements on to
place in one ways next arrange-
a set B containing 5 elements.
ment is lenear arrangement
Sol n(A)=5 n(B)=4
∴ The remaning 10 persons canbe
n( A) arranged in 10! ways
no of functions n ( B ) = 45
∴ Requaired no.of ways = 1× 10! =
14. The number in jection from a set A 10!
containing 4 elements in to a set B
21. Find the number of ways arrang-
containing 6 elssements.
ing the letters of the word
sol Give n(A) = 4, n(B) =6
1)INDEPENDENCE (Mar-2009)
no of in jections = n ( B ) Pn( A) = 6 P 4 In the given word
15. Find the number of surjections from N 1S → 3
a set A containing 6 elements on to
D1 S → 2
a set ‘B’ containing 2 elements
Sol n(A)=6 n(B)=2 E1 S → 4
I →1
no of surjections n( B )n( A ) − n( B )
P →1
= 26-2
C →1
=64-2=62
16. Find the number of bijections from 11
a set A containing 7 elements on to
if self No of arreangements = 11!
Sol no of bijections=7! 3!2!4!
17. Find the number of ways of arrang- 2) MATHEMATICS (Mar-2006,11)
ing 7 persons around a circle
In the given word M 1 S → 2
Sol given no of persons n=7
Req no of ways =(n-1)!=(7-1)!=6! A1 S → 2
18. Find the number of ways preparing T 1S → 2
a chair with 6 different coloured H →1
E →1
 I →1 4 P3
S →1 be arranged in
3!
C →1
4 P3
∴ Required no ways = 3!×
11 3!

No of arrangements =11! = 4P3 = 4 × 3 × 2 = 24

2!2!2! COMBINATIONS
3. INTER MEDIATE 1. If nc4=210 find ‘n’
inthe given word 1
I S →2 Sol Given nc4=210

n (n − 1)(n − 2)(n − 3)
1
T S →2
⇒ = 21×10
E1S → 3 1× 2 × 3 × 4
N →1 ⇒ n(n-1)(n-2)(N-3)=7 X 3X 10X 2X 3X 4
R →1 =10 X 9X 8X 7 n=10
M →1 2. If 12cr=495 find’n’
D →1 Sol 12cr =495
A →1 =11 x 45
12 =11 x9 x 5

No of arrengements =12! 11× 9 ×10 12 ×11×10 × 9

= =
2!2!3! 2 4 × 3 × 2 ×1
22. Find the number of different 12c=12c4 , r=4
words that can be farmed using 3 If 10 nc2=3 n+1C3 find ‘n’
4A1S, 3B1S, 2C1S & one D 10×n(n−1) (n +1)(n +1−1)(n+1−2)
Sol given A1 S → 4 Sol = 3×
1×2 1×2×3
B1 S → 3 ⇒ 10=n+1
⇒ n=9
C1 S → 2
4. If npr=5040 p ncr=210 find npr
D →1
npr
we have =r!
10 ncr
No of arrengements = 10! 5040
⇒ =r!
4!3!2! 210
23. Find the number of 7-digit number ⇒ 24=r! ⇒ 4!=r!
that can be formed using
r=4 nc4=210
2,2,2,3,3,4,4
Sol given digits are 2,2,2,3,3,4,4 ⇒ n=10

7! 5. If nc5=nc6then find 13cn

No of arrengements
3!2!2! Sol given nc5=nc6
24. In how many ways can the letters then 5=6 (or) n=5+6
of the word CHEESE canbe ar-
not possible ⇒ n=11
ranged so that no two E’S come
together. Now 13cn= 13c11=13c2
sol First arrange the letters (C,H,S) with
13 ×12
gaps in 3! ways 3E’S in 4 gaps can = = 78
1× 2
6. If nc21 =nc27 find 50cn 13. Find the number of ways selecting
Sol given nc21=nc27 4 boys and 3 girls from a group of 8
(Mar-2006&May2006) boys and 5 girls
then 21=27 (or) n=21+27=48 Sol 4 boys can be selected from 8 boys
in 8c7ways
not possible
3 girls can be selected from 5 girls
Now 50cn=50c48=50c2
in 5c3ways
50 × 49 ∴ Required no of ways=8c7 x 5c3
= =1225
1× 2 14. Find the number of ways of select-
7. If 9c3+9c5 =10cr then find r ing 3 vowels and 2 consonants
from the letters of the word
Sol given 9c3+9c5 =10cr
EQUATION. (May-07,11)
⇒ 9c6+9c5=10cr
Sol In the given word there are 5
ncr+ncr-1=n+1cr Vowels and 3 consonats
⇒ 10c 6 = 10c r ∴ Required no of ways=5c3 x 3c3
r=6 15. Find the number of positive
divisorts of 1080
8. Find 10
c5 + 2 10 c4 +10 c3 (Mar 2010)

sol 10
c5 + 2 10 c4 +10 c3 2 1080
2 540
=10 c5 + 10 c4 +10 c4 +10 c3 2 270
= 11
c5 +11 c4 = 12
c5 3 135
Sol 3 45
9. If 12
cs +1 =12 c2 s −5 find S. (Mar-2011) 3 15
5 5
sol Given 12
cs +1 =12 c2 s −5 1
⇒ s + 1 = 2s − 5 (or) 12 = s + 1 + 2s − 5
1080=23 x 33x 51
⇒ s = 6 (or) 16 = 3s
∴ No of positive divisors
16 =(3+1)(3+1)(1+1) =4x4x2 =32
⇒s= not possible
3 16 If there are 5 alike pens, 6 alke
10. If 17c2t+1=17c3t-5find r pencils,and 7alike erasers find the
number of ways of selecting any
Sol given 17c2t+1=17c3t-5
number of (one(or) more) things
⇒ 2t+1=3t-5(or)17=2t+1+3t-5 out of them
Sol given 5 alike pens p=5
21
⇒ t=6 (or) 21=5tt= (not possible) 6alike pencels q=6
5
7 alike erasers r=7
11. 12Cr+1=12C3r-5finds (Mar-2008)
∴ Required no of
Sol given 12cr+1=12c3r-5 ways=(5+1)(6+1)(7+1)-1 =6x7x8-1
⇒ r + 1 = 3r − 5(or )12 = r +1 + 3r − 5 =335
⇒ 2r=6(or)16=4r 17. Find the number of diagonals of a
r=3 r=4 polygon with 7 sides
12. If 15c2r-1=15c2r+9 finds r. (Mar-2005) Sol Number of diagonals of ‘n’ sides
Sol given 15c2r-1=15c2r+4 n (n − 3)
polygon =
⇒ 2r-1=2r+4(or) 15=2r-1+2r+4 2
⇒ 12=4r
r=3
 7 (7 − 3) 7×4 H H T T
= = = 14
2 2
18. 14 Persons are seated at a round 4!
Favourable cases m = =6
table. Find the no of ways of se- 2!2!
lecting two persons out of who are
not seated adjacent to each other m 6 3
∴ P(E) = = =
sol No.of ways selecting 2 persons out n 16 8
of 14 persons = 14 C2 2. Find the probability of obtaining
in the above arrangements two two tails and one head when 3
persons sitting adjacent to each coins are tossed
other can be selected in 14 ways.
Sol: Given 3 coins are tossed
Req no of ways = 14c2 – 14
∴ total no of cases n = 23 = 8
19. If a set of ‘m’ parallel lines intersect
another set of ‘n’ parallel lines then Let E be the even of getting two
find the number of parallelograms tail and one head
farmed in this lattice structure.
Favourable cases are T T H
sol When ever we select 2 lines from
the first set ‘m’ lines and 2 lines from 3!
the second set of n lines, one m= =3
parallelogram is farmed. 2!

∴ Req no of ways = mc2 × nc2 m 3

∴ P (E ) = =
n 8
3. Find the probability that a non
leap year contains
(i) 53 Sundays(ii) 52 Sundays
20. How many 5 letter words that can (2006 , 2009)
be farmed using 3 consonants and Sol: A non leap year has 365 days
2 vowele from the letters of the
word MIXTURE i.e 52 weeks + 1 day
sol In the given word Vowels : I,U,E(3) That one day may be Sun (or) Mon
Consonants : M,X,T,R (4) (or) Tue (or) wed (or) Thu (or) Fri
No of the ways of selecting 3 (or) Sat
i) Let E be the even of getting 53
consonants and 2 vowels = 4 c3 × 3 c2
Sunday
Now the 5 letters can be arranged
1
in 5! ways. Favourable cases m = 1, P(E) =
7
Req no of ways = 4 c3 × 3 c2 × 5! ii) Let E be the even of getting 52
Sundays

PROBABILITY 6
Favourable cases m=6, P(E) =
7
1. If 4 fair coins are tossed
simultaneousely, then find the 4. What is the probability that a leap
Probability that 2 heads and 2 year will have 53 sundays
tails appear (Apr - 2001,Mar -08) (May -2006, Mar2007 )

Sol: Given 4 fair coins are tossed Sol: A leap year has 366 days
i e 52 weeks + 2 day
∴ total no of cases n = 2 4
= 16
Let ‘ E’ be the Event of getting 2 The two day may be ( Sun , Mon )
head & 2 Tails (Mon , Tue) ,(Tue , Wed) , (Wed,
 Thu),(Thu, Fri),(Fri , Sat) ,( Sat, Favourable cases are {(1,6)
Sun) ,(6,1),(2,5),(5,2),(3,4),(4,3)}
Let ‘E’ be the even of getting 53 m=6
Sundays
m 6 1
Favourable case m = 2 P(E) = = =
n 36 6
{ (Sun, Mon),(Sat, Sun)}
8. For any two events A and B
m 2 showthat P ( A ∩ B ) = 1 +
P(E) = =
n 7
P( A ∩ B) − P ( A) − P ( B) (Mar - 2005)
5. Two dice are rolled. What is the
Probability that none of the dice Sol: P( A ∩ B ) = P ( A ∪ B)
show the number 2.
= 1 − P( A ∪ B)
Sol: Given 2 dice are rolled
total no of cases = 62 = 36 = 1 −[P ( A) + P( B) − P( A ∩ B)]
Let ‘E’ be the even of none of the
dice shows the number ‘2’ = 1 + P ( A ∩ B ) − P ( A) − P (B)

∴ favourable cases 9. A page is opened at random from

a book containing 200 pages what
1,3,4,5,6 1,3,4,5,6 is the probability that the number
5 5 on the page is A perfect square.
Sol: Given a page is opened at random
m = 5 × 5 = 25
m 25 ∴ total no of cases n= 200c1 = 200
P( E) = = Let E be the event of getting a
n 36
perfect square Favourable case
6. Two fair dice are rolled. What is
m=1,4,9,16,25,36,49,64,81,100,121,144,169,196}
the probability that the sum on
m = 14
the faces of two dices is 10
(Mar - 2006 , March - 2008) 14 7
∴ P (E ) = =
Sol: Given 2 dice are rolled 200 100
total no of cases = 62 = 36
10. ( )
Find P A + P B ( ) if
Let ‘E’ be the even of getting the
sum ‘10’ P ( A ∪ B) = 0.65 , P ( A ∩ B) = 0.15
∴ favourable cases are (Mar - 2005)(May-11)
{(4,6)(6,4)(5,5)}
Sol: Given P ( A ∪ B) = 0.65
∴ m=3
m 3 1 ⇒ P ( A ) + P ( B ) − P ( A ∩ B ) = 0.65
∴ P(E) = = =
n 36 12
⇒ P ( A ) + P ( B) = 0.65 + P ( A ∩ B )
7. Find the probability of throwing a
total score of 7 with 2 dice . = 0.65 + 0. 15
(MAY - 2006) P ( A ) + P ( B ) = 0.8
Sol: Given 2 dice are rolled
∴ total no of cases = 62 = 36 ( )
Now P A + P B ( )
Let ‘E’ be the even of getting the
= 1 – P(A) + 1 – P(B)
sum ‘7’
= 2 - [P(A) + P(B)]
 = 2 – [0.8] 14. A fair coin is tossed 200 times.
= 1.2 find the probility of getting a head
an odd number of times
11. Two dice are thrown , find the
probability of getting the same Sol given a coin is tossed 200times
number on both the faces total no of cases n = 2200
Sol. given two dice are rolled Let E be the event of getting a
head an odd number of times
t ot al n o.of Cases n =6 2 =36
favourable Cases
Let E be the event of getting the
same number m=200C1 +200C3 +200C5 −−−−+200C199
favourable cases are { (1,1) (2,2)
(3,3) (4,4) (5,5) (6,6) } 2199 1
= 2200−1 = 2199 , P (E) 200
=
m=6 2 2
m 6 1 15. An integer is picked from 1to 20
P(E) = = = both inclusive
n 36 6
Let us find the probability that it
is a prime
12. A and B are two event with P(A) Sol given a number is selected from 1
=0.5 P(B) =0.4 and P (A ∩ B) = 0.3 to 20
find the probability that (i) A
does not occur (ii) neither A nor B total no.of Cases n=20C1
occur (2010) Let ‘E’ be the event of getting a
Sol given P(A) = 0.5 prime number
P(B)= 0.4 favourable cases, m={ 2, 3, 5, 7,
11, 13, 17,19} =8
P (A ∩ B) =0.3
i)The event A does not Occur is m 8 2
P(E ) = = =
n 20 5
( )
P A = 1-P(A) =
16. Out of 30 Consecutive integers
1-0.5 = 0.5 two integers are drawn at random
ii)neigher A not B occur is find the probability that their
Sum is odd. (may-2009)
p ( A ∩ B) Sol. given 2 integers are selected from
30 integers
= P (A ∪ B = 1 − P (A ∪ B )
total no Cases =30c2
Let E be the event of getting the
= 1 − ⎡⎣P ( A ) + P (B − P (A ∩ B )⎤⎦
Sum odd
= 1 − [0.5 + 0.4 − 0.3] favourable Cases m=15c1× 15c1

= 1- 0.6 = 0.4 2m 15 c1 × 15 c1
P (E ) =
13. If 6 cards are drawn at randam n 30 c 2
from the pack of cards, then find 17. Define (i) Conditional event (ii)
probability to get 3 red and 3 Conditional probability
black cards (may-2006)
( Sep91,Mar95,Apri01, Mar-04,
Sol given 4 cards are drawn from the Mar- 06,11, May-07)
pack total no of ways n = 52C6
Sol: (i) Conditonal Event : If A, B are
Lee be the event of getting 3 red
two events in a sample space
and 3 black cards
then the event of happing ‘B’ after
favourable Cases m=26C3 x 26C3 the event A happening is called
m 26C3 ×26C3 conditional event.
P(E) = = It is denoted by B/A.
n 52C6
 (ii) Conditonal Probability : If A, Now
B are two events in a sample P(E1 ∪ E2 ) = P(E1 ) +P(E2 ) −P(E1 ∩ E2 )
space and P ( A ) ≠ 0 then the =
probability of B after the event A P ( E1 ) + P ( E2 ) − P ( E1 )P ( E2 )
has occured is called conditional
probability of B given by A. It is
[ ∴ E1 and E2 are independent
denoted by P(B/A).
events]
18. An Urn contains 7 Red and 3
Black balls. Two balls are drawn 1 1 1 1
with out Replacemment. what is = + − ×
3 4 3 4
the probability that second ball is
red.If is known that firstt ball 4 + 3 −1 6 1
drawn is red. (2005) = = =
12 12 2
Sol Let A be the event of drawing the
21. A pair of dice is thrown find the
frist ball Red and B be the Event
probability that either of the dice
of drawing the second ball also
shoes 2 when their sum ‘6’.
Red
Sol Given two dice are thrown
7 n(s) =62=36
given P ( A ) =
10 let A be the event of getting Sum
6 6
Now P (B / A ) = { (1,5) (5,1) (2,4)(4,2)(3,3)}
9
Let B be the event of either of the
19. Let A and B be independent event
dice shows 2
with P(A) =0.2 P(B) =0.5 then find
(2006,2009) ⎪⎧(2,1)(2,2)(2,3)(2,4)(2,5)(2,6)⎪⎫⎪
B = ⎪⎨ ⎬
i) P ( A / B ) ii) P ( B / A ) ⎪⎩⎪(1,2)(2,2)(3,2)(4,2)(5,2)(6,2)⎪⎭⎪
iii) P ( A ∩ B ) iv) P ( A ∪ B )
A ∩ B = {(2,4)(4,2)}
Sol Since A&B are independent
i. P ( A / B ) = P ( A ) = 0.2 P ( B ∩ A 2 / 36 2
∵ P (B / A) = = =
P( A) 5 / 36 5
ii. P ( B / A ) = P ( B ) = 0.5
iii. P ( A ∩ B ) = P ( A ). P ( B ) 1
22. Find P(B/A) if P ( A ∩ B ) = ,
= 0.2 x 0.5 = 0.1 6
P.v(iA ∪ B ) = P ( A ) + P ( B ) − P ( A ∩ B ) 1
P ( A) = ( June 2005, Mar 1995 )
= 0.2 +0.5 - 0.1 = 0.6 2
20. A problem in Calculus is given to
1
two students A and B whose P ( B ∩ A) 1
chances of solving it are = 6=
Sol P(B/A) = P ( A) 1 3
1 1 2
and find the probability of
3 4 23. A pair of dice are rolled. What is
the problem being solved if both of the probability that
them try independently. (i) they sum to to 7 given that
(May-2009) neither die shows a 2
Sol Let E1 and E2 denotes the events (ii) Neither die shows a 2 given
that the problem is solved by A &B that they sum to ‘7’
1 1 Sol given a pair of dice are rolled ∴
given P ( E1 ) = P ( E2 ) = n(s) = 62 = 36
3 4
 Let ‘A’ be the event of the sum ‘7’ 2) The mean and variance of a
∴ A{ (1,6) (6,1) (2,5) (5,2) (3,4) (4,3) binomial variate are 2.4,1.44
} respectively.Find the parameters.
(May 2006,June 2003, Mar 2009 )
Let ‘B’ be the event of neither of
the dice shows 2
Sol: Given Mean = np =
2 2 2.4 → (1)
1,3, 4,5, 6 1,3, 4,5, 6
B= Variance = npq = 1.44 → ( 2 )
5 5
( 2) npq 1.44
n (B) = 5 x 5 = 25 Now ⇒ =
(1) np 2.4
Now A ∩ B = { (1,6) (6,1) (3,4) (4,3)}
n( A ∩ B ) = 4 ⇒ q = 0.6
Then p=0.4
P( A ∩ B) We have np=2.4
(i) P (A/B) = =
P( B) n ×(0.4) = 2.4
P ( B ∩ A) 4 / 36 4 2 2.4
(ii) P(B/A) = = = = ⇒ n= ⇒ n=6
P ( A) 6 / 36 6 3 0.4
RANDOM VARIABLE & DISTRIBUTIONS
3) Find the parameters of the
1) The probability distribution of a binomail variate whose mean and vari-
random variable ‘x’ is as follows 15 15
ance are , .( Mar - 2004, June - 2005 )
2 4
X=x 0 1 2 3 15
Sol: Given Mean = np= → (1)
P(X=x) K
2
3K 3K K
15
Variance= npq= → (2)
(March 2007) 4
Find K,the mean of X
(2) npq 15 15 1
Sol: We have sum of probabilities=1 Now => = / =
(1) np 4 2 2
⇒ K + 3K + 3 K + K = 1
1
⇒ 8K = 1 ⇒ q=
2
1
⇒K= 1
8 Then p=
2

Mean µ = 0 × K + 1 × 3K + 2 × 3K + 3 × K 1 15
15 n× =
= 0 + 3K + 6 K + 3K We have np= ⇒ 2 2
2 ⇒ n = 15
= 12 K
4) The mean and variance of a
⎛1⎞ binomial distribution are 4 and 3
= 12 ⎜ ⎟
⎝8⎠ respectively.Find the probability of
success ‘P’ ( May - 2006, 2009,2011)
12
= Sol: Given Mean = np=4 → (1)
8
3 Variance= npq=3 → (2)
=
2
 (2) npq 3 e−λ .λ 0
Now = = ⇒ =K
(1) np 4 0!
Now
3 1 ⇒ e −1 = K
q= Then p=
4 4 8) A poission variate satisfies
We have np=4 P(X=1)=P(X=2) Find P(X=5)
Sol: Given P(X=1)=P(X=2)
1
⇒ n× =4
4 e−λ .λ1 e−λ .λ1
⇒ =
⇒ n = 16 1! 2!
5) If X is a binomial variate with λ
9P(X=4)=P(X=2) and n=6 then find ⇒ 1 = ⇒ λ = 2
the parameter ‘P’.
2
Sol: Given 9P(X=4)=P(X=2)
e−λ .λ5 e−2 .25 32×e−2 4
Now P( X =5)= = = =
Hint: ⇒ 9 × nc4 P 4 q n − 4 = nc2 P 2 q n − 2 5! 5! 120 15e2
9) If X is a poision distribution with
P(x=r)= ncr P r q n − r
2
But given n=6 P(X=2)= P(X=1).Find P(X=0),P(X=3)
3
⇒ 9 × 6 c4 P 4 q 2 = 6 c2 P 2 q 4 (May2007,Oct2009)

⇒ 9P 2 = q 2 ⇒ 9 P 2 = 1 − P 2 2
Sol: Given P(X=2)= P(X=1)
3
⇒ 10 P 2 = 1
1
1 = P=
⇒ P2 = 10 1
10 e − λ .λ 2 2 e − λ .λ
⇒ =
6) If X follows poisson distribution 2! 3 1!
.Such that P(x=1)=3 P(x=2).Find the λ 2 4
⇒ = −
Variate of ‘X’. 2 3 P(X=0) = e −λ .λ 0
=e 3
(Mar, 2007, May2008,Mar2009) 0!
4
Sol: Given P(x=1)=3 P(x=2) ⇒λ =
3
e −λ . λ1 3 e −λ .λ 2
⇒ =
1! 2! 4 4
3

-
e - λ .λ 3 e
3 3
e −λ .λr
Hint : P ( x = r ) = P ( X = 3) = =
r! 3! 3!
3λ 2 10. If X ∼ B ( n, p ) , µ = 20
⇒1= ⇒λ =
2 3
7) If X follows poisson distribution . σ 2 =10then find n and p
Such that P(x=0)=P(x=1)=K then Sol given u = np = 20

−11 σ 2 = npq = 10
showthat K= (or )e . npq 10 1
e 1
Now ⇒ = = q=
(May2005,March2006,April2009,Oct96) np 20 2 ⇒ 2
Sol: Given P(x=0)=P(x=1)=K
1
−λ −λ ⇒ p= from np = 20
e .λ e .λ 0 1
2
⇒ = =K
0! 1! 1
⇒ λ =1 ⇒ n× = 20 ⇒ n = 40
2
11. For a poisson variate X,
P ( x = 2) = P ( x = 3) find the vari
ance X.
 2 4

IIB = ∫ 2 − x dx + ∫ 2 − x dx
0 2
DEFINITE INTEGRATION
2 4
3
2x = ∫ (2 − x )dx + ∫ (x − 2)dx
1. ∫ 1+ x2
dx (2006 May) 0 2
2
2 4
⎡ x 2 ⎤⎥ ⎡x2 ⎤
f (x )
1 ⎢
= ⎢ 2x − + ⎢ − 2 x ⎥
dx = log ( f (x )) + c ⎥ ⎢2 ⎥
∫ f (x )
⎣ 2 ⎦0 ⎣ ⎦2
⎛ ⎞ ⎛ ⎞ ⎛ ⎞
3
= ⎜⎜4 − 4 ⎟⎟ − (0 − 0 ) + ⎜⎜16 − 8⎟⎟ − ⎜⎜ 4 − 4⎟⎟
= log ⎡⎢⎣(1 + x )⎤⎥⎦ 2
2
⎜⎝ 2⎠ ⎟ ⎜
⎝2 ⎟
⎠ ⎝2 ⎜ ⎠⎟
=4–2+8–8–2 +4
= log (1 + 32 ) − log (1 + 22 ) =4–4 +4=4
= log (10) – log(5)
2
⎛10 ⎞
= log ⎜⎜⎜⎝ ⎠⎟⎟⎟ = log 2
4. ∫ 1 − x dx ( Mar-09)(May-11)
5 0

π 1 2

2. ∫ 2 + 2cos θ d θ (2005 March) = ∫ 1 − x dx + ∫ 1 − x dx

0 0 1

π 1 2

= ∫ 2 (1 + cos θ ) d θ = ∫ (1 − x )dx + ∫ −(1 − x )dx

0 0 1

π 1 2
2 ∫ 1 + cos θ d θ (1 − x ) dx + ∫ (x − 1) dx
=
0
= ∫
0 1

π
θ
= 2∫ 2cos 2 dθ ⎡ x 2 ⎤⎥ ⎡x2
1
⎤
2

2 ⎢
= ⎢x − +⎢ − x⎥
2 ⎥⎦ 0 ⎢⎣ 2 ⎥
0
⎣ ⎦1
π
⎡ θ⎤ 1 ⎛4 ⎞ ⎛1 ⎞
π ⎢sin ⎥ = 1 − 2 + 0 + 0 + ⎜⎜⎝⎜ 2 − 2 ⎠⎟⎟⎟ − ⎝⎜⎜⎜ 2 − 1⎠⎟⎟⎟
θ ⎢⎣ 2 ⎥⎦ 0
= 2. 2 ∫ cos d θ = 2
2 1
0
2 1 1
= 1− − +1 = 2 – 1 = 1
2 2
⎪⎧ π 0⎪⎫
= 4 ⎨⎪sin − sin 0 ⎬⎪ = 4 { (1 – 0) } π
⎩⎪ 2 ⎭⎪
∫ sin
3
5. I = x .cos3 xdx
=4 0
4

3. ∫ 2 − x dx ( 2008 May)
π

(π − x ) .cos3 (π − x ) dx
∫ sin
3
0 I =
0
 π 1 1
1
I = −∫ sin x .cos x dx 3 3
= ∫ 1dx − ∫ 1 + x 2
dx
0 0 0

I= –I 1
= [ x ]0 − ⎡⎣⎢Tan −1x ⎤⎦⎥ 0
1

⇒ I +I =0
= ( 1 – 0 ) – Tan–1 (1) – Tan-1 (0)
2I= 0
I=0 −1 ⎛ π⎞
= 1− Tan ⎜⎜⎜⎝Tan ⎠⎟⎟⎟ − Tan (Tan 0 )
−1 0

4
π
4

∫ sec π π
4
6. θd θ
= 1− − 0 = 1−
0 4 4
π
π
2
4
sin5 x
= ∫ sec
2 2
θ.sec θd θ
8. ∫ sin5 x + cos5 x
dx
0
0
(March 2008)
π π
4
2
sin5 x
= ∫ sec2 θ (1 + Tan 2θ ) d θ Let I = ∫ dx -–(1)
0 0
sin5 x + cos5 x

Put Tan θ = t If θ = 0 ⇒ t = 0 π ⎛π ⎞
2 sin5 ⎜⎜⎜ − x ⎟⎟⎟
⎝2 ⎠
π I =∫ dx
θ= ⇒ t =1 ⎛
5 ⎜π ⎞
⎟ 5⎛ π ⎞⎟
2
sec θd θ = dt 0 ⎜
sin ⎜⎜ − x ⎟⎟ + cos ⎜⎜ − x ⎟⎟
4 ⎝2 ⎠ ⎝2 ⎠
1 1 π
⎡ t 3 ⎤⎥
∫ (1 + t ) dt ⎢
2 2
= = ⎢t + ⎥ cos5 x
⎣ 3 ⎦0 I =∫ ––––––(2)
0
0
cos5 x + sin5 x
(1) + (2)
⎛ 1⎞ ⎛ 0⎞ 1 4 π
= ⎜⎜⎝⎜1 + ⎠⎟⎟⎟ − ⎜⎜⎝⎜0 + ⎠⎟⎟⎟ = 1 + = ⎛
2
sin5 x cos5 x ⎞⎟
3 3 3 3 ⎜
2I = ∫ ⎜ 5 + ⎟dx
⎜⎝sin x + cos5 x cos5 x + sin5 x ⎠⎟⎟
0

π
1
x2 ⎛ sin5 x + cos5 x ⎞⎟
2
7. ∫ x 2 +1
dx (2007 May, 2010) 2I = ∫ ⎜⎜ ⎟ dx
⎜⎝ sin5 x + cos5 x ⎠⎟⎟
0
0

1 π/2
1 + x 2 −1
= ∫ dx 2I = ∫ 1dx
0
x 2 +1 0

π π
1
⎛1 + x 2 1 ⎞⎟ 2I = [ x ]02 ⇒ 2I = 2 − 0
⎜⎜
= ∫ − ⎟ dx
⎜⎝1 + x 2 1 + x 2 ⎠⎟⎟
0 π π
⇒ 2I = ⇒I=
2 4
 π /2 π
sin2 x − cos2 x
∫ ∫ cos
3
9. I= dx ∴ x .sin4 xdx = 0
0
sin3 x + cos 3 x 0

(2001 April) π

∫ sin
7
π /2 2 2 12. Evaluate x .cos 5 xdx
sin x − cos x
Let I = ∫ sin3 x + cos 3 x
dx –––(1) 0

π /2
cos 2 x − sin2 x Let f ( x ) = sin7 x .cos 5 x
∴I = ∫ cos 3 x + sin3 x
dx ––––––(2)
∴ f (π − x ) = sin7 (π − x ).cos5 (π − x )
0

(1) + (2)
= sin7 x (− cos 5 x )
π /2
sin2 x − cos2 x + cos2 x − sin2 x = – sin7 x.cos5x
⇒ 2I = ∫ cos3 x + sin3 x
dx
f (π − x ) = − f (x )
0
2I = 0 ⇒ I = 0
∴ f(x) is an odd function.
2
π
∫x
2
10. Evaluate .log xdx
∴ ∫ sin x .cos xdx = 0
7 5
1
0
(March 2006)
π /2

2⎛ 2 2 d ⎞
∫ sin3 x.cos2 x dx (2003 March)
2 2 2
∫ log x.x dx = log x ∫ x − ∫1 ⎜∫1 x . log x ⎟
2
= ( ) ⎟dx 13.
1 1 ⎜
⎝ dx ⎠⎟ −π /2

2 Let f (x) = sin3x.cos2x

⎡ x 3 ⎤⎥
2
⎛ x 3 1 ⎞⎟ ∴ f(–x) = sin3(– x).cos2(– x)
⎢ ⎜⎜ . ⎟ dx
3 ⎥⎦1 ∫1
= ⎢ log x . −
⎣ ⎜⎝ 3 x ⎠⎟⎟ = – sin3x.cos2x
= – f(x)
2 2
⎡ x 3 ⎤⎥ 1 ⎡⎢ x 3 ⎤⎥ ∴ f(x) is an odd function.
⎢
= ⎢ log x . −
⎣ 3 ⎥⎦1 3 ⎢⎣ 3 ⎥⎦1 π /2

8 1 1
∴ ∫ sin3 x.cos 2 dx = 0
= log 2 − log1 − ⎡⎣⎢23 −13 ⎤⎦⎥ −π /2

3 3 9 4
x2
8 1
= log 2 − 0 − (7)
14. ∫ 1+ x
dx
3 9 0

4
8 7 1 − x 2 −1
= log 2 −
3 9 = −∫ 1 + x dx
0
π
⎛1 − x 2
4
1 ⎞⎟
11. Evaluate ∫ cos 3 x .sin4 xdx ⎜
= ∫ ⎜⎜ 1 + x − 1 + x ⎟⎟⎟ dx
−
0
0
⎝ ⎠
(2000 April)
⎛(1 + x )(1 − x )
4
1 ⎞⎟
Let f ( x ) = cos 3 x .sin4 x ⎜
= −∫ ⎜⎜ − ⎟⎟ dx
⎟
0 ⎝ 1 + x 1 + x ⎠

f (π − x ) = cos3 (π − x ) .sin4 (π − x ) ⎛
4
1 ⎞⎟
= −∫ ⎜⎜⎜⎝(1 − x ) − 1 + x ⎠⎟⎟ dx
f (π − x ) = − cos3 x .sin4 x 0

4
f (π − x ) = − f (x ) ⎛ 1 ⎞
= ∫ ⎜⎜ + x −1⎟⎟⎟ dx
⎜⎝1 + x ⎠
∴ f(x) is an odd function. 0
 ⎡ x2 ⎤
4 3 1 4 2 8
⎢ − x⎥ = . . . . 1=
= ⎢ log (1 + x ) + ⎥ 9 7 5 3 315
⎣ 2 ⎦0
π /2
⎛ 16 ⎞ ⎛ 0 ⎞ Formula : ∫ sin x .cos xdx
m m

= ⎜⎜⎝⎜log(1+4) + −4⎠⎟⎟⎟−⎜⎜⎜⎝log(1+0) − −0⎠⎟⎟⎟

2 2 0

= log 5 + 8 – 4= log 5 + 4 ⎡(m −1)(m − 3)......⎤ ⎡(n −1)(n − 3).....⎤

⎣ ⎦⎣ ⎦ .k
2 = ⎡ m + n m + n − 2 .....⎤
⎣( )( ) ⎦
15. ∫ 4 − x 2 dx (2007, 2003 May)
0
π
k= . If m,n are Even
2
2
= ∫ 22 − x 2 dx = 1 . If otherwise
0
π /2

∫ sin2 x .cos 4 xdx (May 2009)

2
⎡x 22 −1 x
⎤ 19.
⎢
= ⎢ 22
− x 2
+ sin ⎥
2 ⎥⎦ 0
−π /2
⎣2 2
Here m=2,n=4(even)
⎛2 2 4 ⎛ 2 ⎞⎞
= ⎜⎜⎜ 2 − 22 + sin−1 ⎜⎜⎜ ⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟ − (0 + 0)
π /2

= 2 ∫ sin x cos xdx

2 4
⎝2 2 ⎝ 2 ⎠⎠
0
= 0 + 2. sin-1 (1)
⎡1 3 1 π ⎤ π
−1 ⎛ π⎞ π = 2 ⎢⎢ . . . ⎥⎥ =
= 2. sin ⎜⎜⎜⎝sin ⎠⎟⎟⎟ = 2. = π ⎣ 6 4 2 2 ⎦ 16
2 2
x3 1
20. E val u at e ∫ dx (March -2011)
π /2 0 1 + x2
3 1 π 3π
16. ∫ sin4 xdx = . . =
4 2 2 16
sol Put 1 + x2 = t
0
⇒ 2x dx = dt
(May 2006 , 2002) If x = 0 ⇒ t = 1
π /2 x=1 ⇒ t=2
Formula : ∫ sin xdx
m
1 2 ( t − 1) 1 2 ⎛ 1⎞
2 ∫1 t 2 ∫1 ⎝ t ⎠
0 = dt = ⎜1 − ⎟ dt
m −1 m − 3 1 π
= . .......... ...... . 1 2
m m −2 2 2 =
2
[ t ]1 − [ log t ]1
2

If n is Even
1
⎡( 2 − 1) − ( log 2 − log1) ⎤⎦
π /2
6 4 2 16 =
17. ∫
7
sin xdx = . . . 1= 2⎣
0 7 5 3 35
1 1
π /2 = − log 2
2 2
Formula : ∫ sin xdx
m

11
0
21. ∫0 e + e− x
x
dx (March -06)
m −1 m − 3 2
= . .......... .1 .
m m −2 3 1 ex
∫ dx
If n is Odd sol
( )
2
0
ex +1
π /2
Put ex =t
18. ∫ sin4 x .cos 5 xdx
exdx = dt
0
If x = 0 ⇒ t = 1
m = 4 , n = 5 (2010 March)
x=1 ⇒ t=e
 dt
e 9x 8 dx = dt
= ∫1 ( )
e
2 = ⎡ ⎤
−1
⎣Tan t ⎦1
1+ t 1
x8 dx = dt
π 9
= Tan −1 ( e) − Tan −1 (1) = Tan ( e) −
−1

4 1
dt 1 1
22.
⎛ 2 − x⎞
Evaluate ∫1 log ⎜⎝
1
⎟ dx
∴∫ 9 = ∫
9 1+ t 2
dt
2 + x⎠ 1+ t 2

⎛ 2 − x⎞ 1
f ( x ) = log ⎜ = Tan−1 (t ) + C
sol ⎝ 2 + x ⎟⎠ 9
1
⎛ 2 + x⎞ ⎛ 2 − x⎞ = Tan−1 ( x9 ) +C
f ( − x ) = log ⎜ = − log ⎜⎝ 9
⎝ 2 − x ⎟⎠ ⎟
2 + x⎠
f(x) = – f(x) 2 x3 2 x3
=∫ dx
Odd function 4. ∫ 1 + x8
dx
1+ ( x 4 )
2

1 ⎛ 2 − x⎞
∴ ∫ log ⎜ =0 Put x 4 = t
−1 ⎝ 2 + x ⎟⎠ ( May 08 )
4x3dx = dt
INDEFINITE - INTEGRATION
1
x3 dx = dt
∫ Sec x.Cosee x dx
2 2
1. Evaluate 4
( Mar 07, May 07,09 ) 2 x3 1 2
∴∫ dx = ∫ dt
1 1+ x 8
4 1+ t 2
Sol ∫ Cos x.Sin x dx
2 2
1 1
2 2
= Tan−1(t) +C = Tan−1 ( x4 ) +C
Sin x + Cos x 2 2
=∫ dx
Cos 2 x.Sin2 x x5
= 5. Evaluate ∫ 1 + x12 dx
Sin 2 x Cos 2 x
∫ Cos 2 x.Sin 2 x
dx + ∫
Cos 2 x.Sin 2 x
dx
∫ 1+
x5
dx
1 1
sol
(x ) 6 2

=∫ 2
dx + ∫ dx Put x6 =t
Cos x Sin2 x
⇒ 6x5 dx = dt
∫ Sec x dx + ∫ Cosee x dx
2 2
= 1
⇒ x dx =
5
dt
= Tanx − Cotx + C 6
1 dt
6 ∫ 1+ t2
∴ =
2. ∫ 1− Cos 2 x dx = ∫ 2Sin 2 x dx
1
( May 06, Mar 09 ) =
6
(Tan −1t + c)
= 2 ∫ Sinx dx = 2 (−Cosx) + C
1
= − 2Cosx + C 6
−1
= = Tan x + c
6
( )
x8 x8 sin 4 x
3. ∫ dx =∫ dt 6. Evaluate ∫ dx (Mar-11)
1 + ( x9 ) cos4 x
2
1 + x18

∫ tan
4
sol x sec 2 xdx
Put x 9 = t ( Mar 09)
 ⎛ Tanx ⎞⎟
f ( x)
n +1
= Sin h−1 ⎜⎜ +C
Note ∫ ⎡ f ( x ) ⎤ f | ( x ) dx = ⎜⎝ 4 ⎠⎟⎟
n
+c
⎣ ⎦ n +1
e x (1 + x)
Tan5 x
= +x 11. ∫ Cos ( xe ) dx
2 x
5
(2004,May 2010,Mar 2010)
⎛ 1 ⎞ x + 1x dx
7. Evaluate ∫ ⎜⎝1 − 2 ⎟⎠ e Put xe x = t
x
⇒ xe x + e x .dx = dt
1
Put x + =t ⇒ e (1 + x).dx = dt
x
x
⎛ 1⎞ dt 1
⇒ ⎜1 − 2 ⎟ dx = dt
⎝ x ⎠
∫ Cos t = ∫ Cos t dt
2 2 = ∫ Sec 2 t + C

= Tan t + C
⇒ ∫ et dt = et + c
1
= ex+ x + c
= Tan ( xe x ) + C
−1
eTan x
8. Evaluate ∫ 1 + x2 dx 12. ∫
1
dx ( 99,94 )
x log x
1
Put T an ( x ) = t ⇒
−1
sol dx = dt 1
1 + x2 Put Logx = t ⇒ dx = dt
x
⇒ ∫ et dt = et + c = eTan ( x)
−1
+c 1 1 1
∫ log x . x dx =∫
t
dt = log t + C

∫x
3
9. sin 4 xdx
put x4 = t ⇒ 4x3 dx = dt = log (log x ) + C

∫ sin ( x ).x dx
4 3
=
13. ∫ 1 + Sin2 x dx
1
= x3dx = dt
4 =∫ Sin2 x + Cos 2 x + 2 Sinx.Cosx dx
1 1
= ∫ sin t. dt = ∫ sin tdt ( Sinx +Cosx ) dx
2
4 4 = ∫
1 −1
= −(cos t) +c = cos x3 +c = ∫ Sinx + Cosx dx
4 4
= ∫ Sinxdx + ∫ Cosxdx
See 2 x = −Cosx + Sinx + C
10. ∫ 16 + Tan x 2
dx (M - 04, 07,08 )

dx
Put Tanx = t ⇒ See 2 x dx = dt 14. ∫ ( x + 5) x+4
dt 1
∴∫ =∫ dt Put x+4 = t
42 + t 2 42 + t 2
⇒ x + 4 = t 2 ⇒ x + 5 = t 2 +1
−1 ⎛ t ⎞
= Sin h ⎜⎜⎜⎝ ⎠⎟⎟⎟ + C dx=2t dt
4
 2 tdt 1
∴ ∫ (t = ∫ dt = log [t ] + C
2
+ 1) t t

1 = log ⎡⎣log (log x )⎤⎦ + C

= 2∫ 2
dt = 2Tan−1t t + c
1+ t dx
19. ∫ ( 98 )
= 2Tan−1 ( x+4 +C ) 4 − 9x2
1
Cos (log x ) ∫ dx
15. ∫ x
dx = 2
(2) − (3x )
2

1 ⎛ 3x ⎞
Put log x = t ⇒ dx = dt Sin−1 ⎜⎜ ⎟⎟⎟
x ⎜⎝ 2 ⎠
+ C = 1 Sin−1 ⎛⎜ 3x ⎞⎟⎟ + C
1 = d ⎜⎜ ⎟
(3 x) 3 ⎝2⎠
∫ Cos (log x) x dx dx

= ∫ Cost.dt = S int+ C = Sin (log x ) + C ⎛ 1 + x ⎞⎟

⎜ ⎟⎟ dx
20. ∫ e x ⎜⎜
⎜⎝(2 + x )2 ⎠⎟⎟ ( May 09 )
cos x
16. ∫ x
dx (98 )

1 ⎡ 2 + x −1⎤
Put x = t ⇒ x dx = 2dt = ∫ e x ⎢⎢ ⎥ dx
2 ⎥
⎢⎣ ( 2 + x ) ⎥⎦
1
= ∫ Cos x. dx
⎡ 2+ x
x 1 ⎤⎥
= ∫ e x ⎢⎢ 2
− 2⎥
dx
=2 ∫ Cos t dt ⎢⎣ (2 + x ) (2 + x ) ⎥⎦

= 2 S int+ C = 2Sin ( x)+ C ⎡ 1

⎢ 1 ⎤⎥ x
=∫ ⎢(2 + x) − 2⎥
e
Cot (log x ) ⎣⎢ ( 2 + x ) ⎦⎥
17. ∫ x
dx ( M 08 )
dx =⎡⎢∫ ex ( f ( x) + f 1( x)) =ex f ( x) +c⎤⎥
1
dx = dt
⎣ ⎦
Put log x = t ⇒
x 1
x
=e +C
1 (2 + x)
∫ Cot (log x) x dx
= ∫ Cot (t ).dt ⇒ log S int + C ⎛ 1 ⎞⎟
21. ∫ e x ⎜⎜ tan−1 x + ⎟ dx
⎜⎝ 1 + x 2 ⎠⎟
⇒ log S in (log x ) + C
1
1 f ( x ) = Tan−1 x f | ( x) =
∫ dx (Mar-2011) 1+ x2
18. x log x ⎡⎣ log (log x )⎤⎦
= e x (Tan−1 x) + c
1 1
Put log (log x) = t ⇒ dx = dt
log x x 22. ∫e
x
[sec x + s ec x. tan x ] dx
1 1 f(x) = secx
=∫ dx f|(x) = secx.tanx
x.log x log (log x )
 = e x .sec x + c 1 1
3∫
dx
e [sin x + cos x ] dx ⎡ ⎛1⎞ 1 1 1 ⎤
∫
x
23. = − ⎢ x 2 − 2 x ⎜⎜ ⎟⎟⎟ + − − ⎥
⎢⎣ ⎜⎝ 3⎠ 9 9 3 ⎥
f(x) = sinx ⎦
f |(x) = cosx
= ex. sinx +c 1 1
3
∫ 2
⎛ 2 ⎞⎟ ⎛ ⎞
2
dx
24. ∫e
x
[ tan x + log sec x ] dx = ⎜⎜ ⎟ −⎜⎜ x − 1 ⎟⎟
⎝⎜ 3 ⎠⎟ ⎝⎜ 3 ⎠⎟
f(x) = log secx (May 07, M 08 )
1 ⎛ ⎞
f|(x) = sec x.tan x ⎜⎜ x − 1 ⎟⎟
sec x 1
sin −1 ⎜⎜⎜ 3 ⎟⎟⎟ + c
f|(x) = tanx = 3 ⎜⎜ 2 ⎟⎟⎟
= exTanx + c ⎜⎝ 3 ⎠⎟⎟

∫ e (tan x + sec x) dx ( May 06 )

x 2
25. 1 ⎛ 3x −1⎞⎟
sin −1 ⎜⎜ +c
f(x) = tanx
=
3 ⎜⎝ 2 ⎠⎟⎟
f|(x) = sec2x
sin θ
= e x .tan x + c 29. ∫ 2 − cos 2 θ
dθ
⎡1 + x lo g x ⎤
26. ∫ e x
⎢ ⎥ (M 2010 ) put cos θ = t ⇒ - sin θ d θ = dt
⎢⎣ x ⎥⎦
1
⎡ 1 x log x ⎤ −dt −∫
=∫ ex ⎢ +
⎢⎣ x
⎥ dx = ∫ 2−t2
=
( 2)
2
−(t )
2
x ⎥⎦
1 ⎛ t ⎞⎟
f(x) = logx , f|(x) = = − sin ⎜⎜⎜ ⎟⎟ + c
−1
x ⎝ 2⎠
⎡ 1⎤
∫e ⎢ log x + ⎥ dx = e x .log x + c (cos θ )
x
= ⎢⎣ x ⎥⎦ = − sin
−1
+c
2
dx
27. ∫ x 2 + 2 x + 10
dx ( May 06 ) 30. ∫ log x dx (May 2010)

dx = ∫ log x.1 dx
= ∫ x2 + 2 x +1+ 9 ⎛ d ⎞
dx ∫ uv dx = u ∫ v − ∫ ⎜⎜⎜⎝∫ v dx (u )⎠⎟⎟⎟ dx
= ∫ 2 2
( x +1) + (3) d
∴ ∫ log x.1 dx = log x ∫ 1dx − ∫ ∫ 1 dx (log x) dx
−1 ⎛ x + 1⎞
⎛ 1⎞
= sinh ⎜⎜⎜⎝ ⎟⎟ + c = log x.x − ∫ ⎜⎜ x ⎟⎟⎟ dx
3 ⎟⎠ ⎜⎝ x ⎠

1 = x.log x − ∫ 1 dx
28. ∫ 2 x − 3 x 2 +1
dx
= x.log x − x + C
1
∫ x.e
x
31. dx (1999)
∫ ⎛ 2 1⎞
dx
= −3⎜⎜⎜ x 2 − x − ⎟⎟⎟
⎝ 3 3⎠
 d
= x∫ e − ∫ ∫ e . dx ( x).dx
x x

= x e − ∫ e .(1) dx
x x

DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS
= xe x − ∫ e x dx 1. Order and degree of
5
= x.e x − e x + C
d y ⎡⎢ ⎛⎜ dy ⎞⎟ ⎤⎥ 3
2 2

= ⎢1 + ⎜ ⎟⎟ ⎥ (Mar 2010)
⎜
dx 2 ⎢⎣ ⎝ dx ⎠ ⎥⎦
32. ∫ x.log x dx (1994)
3
⎛ 5 ⎞
= ∫ log x.x dx ⎛ d y ⎞⎟
2 3 ⎜⎜ ⎡ ⎛ dy ⎞2 ⎤ 3 ⎟⎟
⎜⎜ ⎟ = ⎜⎜ ⎢⎢1 + ⎜⎜ ⎟⎟⎟ ⎥⎥ ⎟⎟⎟
Sol ⎜⎝ dx 2 ⎠⎟⎟ ⎜⎜ ⎜⎝ dx ⎠ ⎟⎟
= log x ∫ x dx − ∫
d
x. (log x ).dx ⎜⎝ ⎣⎢ ⎦⎥ ⎠⎟
∫ dx
5
x2 1 ⎛ d 2 y ⎞⎟
3
⎡ ⎛ dy ⎞2 ⎤
= lo g x ∫ x d x − ∫ . dx ⎜⎜ ⎢ ⎟ ⎥
2 x ∴ ⎜ dx 2 ⎟⎟⎟ = ⎢1 + ⎜⎜⎜⎝ dx ⎠⎟⎟ ⎥
⎝ ⎠ ⎢⎣ ⎥⎦
x2 1 order = 2, degree = 3
= .log x − ∫ x dx
2 2 2. Order and degree
x2 1 x2 d2 y dy ⎛ dy ⎞⎟
= .log x − +C + 2 + y = Log ⎜⎜ ⎟
2 2 2 dx 2 dx ⎜⎝ dx ⎠⎟

x2 x2 Sol order = 2, degree is not

= .log x − + C defined. Since The equation can
2 4
not be expressed as a polyno
⎛ 1 2 ⎞ mial eq in the derivatives
33. ∫ ⎜⎝ 1 − x2
+
1+ x 2 ⎟
⎠
dx (May-11) 3. Order , and degree of
1
1 2 ⎡ 1 1 ⎤4

=∫ dx + ∫ dx ⎢⎛ dy ⎞ 2 ⎛⎜ d 2 y ⎞⎟3 ⎥
⎢⎜⎜ ⎟⎟ + ⎜ 2 ⎟⎟ ⎥ = 0
1− x 2
1 + x2 ⎢⎜⎝ dx ⎠⎟ ⎜⎝ dx ⎠⎟ ⎥
⎢⎣ ⎥⎦
= Sin −1 x + 2Sinh −1 ( x ) + c
1
1 1

34. ∫ ( x + 1)( x + 2) dx (May-11) Sol

⎛ dy ⎞⎟2 ⎛⎜ d 2 y ⎞⎟3
⎜⎜ ⎟ + ⎜ ⎟ =0
⎝⎜ dx ⎠⎟ ⎜⎝ dx 2 ⎠⎟⎟
( x + 2) − ( x + 1) dx
=∫ 1 1
( x + 1)( x + 2) ⎛ dy ⎞⎟ 2 ⎛ d 2 y ⎞⎟3
⎜⎜ ⎟ = ⎜⎜− 2 ⎟⎟
⎜⎝ dx ⎠⎟ ⎜⎝ dx ⎠⎟
1 1
=∫ dx − ∫ dx
x +1 x+2 SQ . Both sides
= log ( x + 1) − log ( x + 2 ) 2
dy ⎛⎜ d 2 y ⎞⎟3
= ⎜+ ⎟
x +1
+c dx ⎜⎝ dx 2 ⎠⎟⎟
= log
x+2
Cubing on both sides
2
⎛ dy ⎞⎟
3
⎛ 2 ⎞
⎜⎜ ⎟ = ⎜⎜ d y ⎟⎟
⎜⎝ dx ⎠⎟ ⎜⎝ dx 2 ⎠⎟⎟
 ∴ order = 2 , degree = 2 Sol The equation of the family of
4. Find the order and degree of circles is
x 2+y2 = r2 ( r is constant )
d2y
differential equation = −P 2 y ∴ order = No of constants = 1
dx 2 9. Find the order and degree of
1
⎛ d 2 y ⎞⎟ differential equation
⎜⎜ ⎟ = −P 2 y
Sol ⎜⎝ dx 2 ⎠⎟⎟ 2
⎛ d 3 y ⎞⎟ 2
⎜⎜ ⎛ dy ⎞⎟
⎟ − 3 ⎜⎜ ⎟ − e x = 4
order = 2, degree = 1 ⎜⎝ dx 3 ⎠⎟⎟ ⎜⎝ dx ⎠⎟
5. Find the order, degree of Sol It is a ‘3’ order polynomial
6 equation
⎡ d 2 y ⎛ dy ⎞ 3 5⎤ ∴ order = 3, degree = 2
⎢ ⎜ ⎟ ⎥ = 6 y ( Mar -
⎢ dx 2 + ⎜⎜⎝ dx ⎠⎟⎟ ⎥ 10. Find the order and degree of
⎣⎢ ⎦⎥
differential equation
2009)(May-11)
1
5
1
⎛ d 2 y ⎞⎟3 dy
⎛ 6 6 ⎞⎟ x ⎜⎜ 2 ⎟⎟ + x + y = 0
2
⎜⎜ ⎡ d 2 y ⎛ dy ⎞ ⎤
3 5
⎟⎟ 5 ⎜⎝ dx ⎠⎟ dx
⎜⎜ ⎢ +⎜ ⎟ ⎥ ⎟⎟ = (6 y )6
Sol ⎜⎜ ⎢ dx 2 ⎜⎜⎝ dx ⎠⎟⎟ ⎥ ⎟⎟
⎜⎝ ⎣⎢ ⎦⎥ 1
⎠⎟ 1
⎛ d 2 y ⎞3 ⎡⎛ dy ⎞ ⎤
Sol x ⎜⎜ 2 ⎟⎟⎟ = − ⎢⎜⎜ x ⎟⎟⎟ + y ⎥
2
⎜⎝ dx ⎠⎟ ⎢⎣⎜⎝ dx ⎠ ⎥⎦
3
d 2 y ⎛⎜ dy ⎞⎟ 5
+ ⎜ ⎟ = (6 y ) 6 cubing
dx 2 ⎜⎝ dx ⎠⎟
3
∴ order = 2, degree = 1
3
d2y ⎛ dy ⎞
x2 = −⎜⎜ x + y ⎟⎟⎟
6. Form the differential equation dx 2 ⎜⎝ dx ⎠
corresponding to y = cx - 2c2 , ∴ order = 2, degree = 1
C is a parameter (May - 2009 ) 11. Find the order of differential
Sol y = cx − 2c 2
equation corresponding to
y = c (x-c)2,
dy dy
= c (1) − 0 ∴ =c ‘C’ is an arbitrary constant
dx dx Sol order of the differential equa
⎛ dy ⎞ ⎛ dy ⎞
2 tion is = number of constants
∴ y = ⎜⎜ ⎟⎟⎟ x − 2 ⎜⎜ ⎟⎟⎟ ∴ order = 1
⎝⎜ dx ⎠ ⎝⎜ dx ⎠
12. Find the order of the differential
2 equation corresponding to
⎛ dy ⎞ ⎛ dy ⎞
∴ 2 ⎜⎜ ⎟⎟⎟ − x ⎜⎜ ⎟⎟⎟ + y = 0 y = Ae x + Be3 x + ce5 x
⎝⎜ dx ⎠ ⎝⎜ dx ⎠
7. Find the order of the differential ( A,B,C are parameters )
equation obtained by Sol order of the differential
eleminating the arbitrary equation is number of constants
constants b and c from ∴ order = 3
xy = cex + be-x + x2 13. Form a differential equation
Sol order of differential equation = corresponding to
number of arbitrans constants y = ACos3 x + BSin3 x
∴ Order = 2 A, B are parameters(May 2010)
8. Find the order of differential
dy
equation of the family of all Sol = A (−Sin3 x).3 + B (Cos 3x ).3
circles with their centres at the dx
origin
 dy 1
= −3 ASin3x + 3BCos3 x 4a = 2 ⇒ a =
dx 2
Let P (x1y1) be a point on the parabola
d2y
= −3 A(Cos3x ).3 + B (−Sin3 x).3 5
dx 2 ∴ Given focal distance =
2
d2y
= −9 ACos3x − 9 BSin3 x 5 1
dx 2 ⇒ x1 + a = ⇒ x1 + = 5 / 2
2 2
= −9 [ A Cos3x + B Sin3x ] = -9 y
5 1 4
2
⇒ x1 = − = ⇒ x1 = 2
d y 2 2 2
∴ +9y = 0
dx 2 But 2
y1 = 2 x1
14. Form the differential equation
y1 = 2 (2) = 4
2
corresponding to y = ae + be 3x 4x

Sol ⇒ y1 = ±2
y = ae3 x + be 4 x
∴ Points are (2,2) (2,-2)
y1 = 3ae3 x + 4be 4 x 3. Find the equation of the pa-
y2 = 9ae3 x + 16be 4 x rabola whose focus is (3,1), vertex is
(3,-2) ( May-07 )
y2 = 21ae3 x + 28be 4 x −12ae3 x −12be4 x Sol Since ‘ x’ coordinates of focus,
y2 = 7 [ y1 ]−12 [ y ] and vertex are equal
∴ The axis of the parabola is
∴ y2 − 7 y1 +12 y = 0 parallel to y - axis
PARABOLA ∴ Equations of parabola is
1. Find the coordinates of the 2
( x − α ) = 4a ( y − β )
point on the parabola y2 = 8x
whose focal distance is ‘10’ 2
a = SA = (3 − 3) + (1 + 2) = 3
2

(Mar-08,11)
Sol Givn parabola y = 8x
2 2
∴ ( x − 3) = 12 ( y + 2)
⇒ 4a = 8 ⇒ a = 2 4. Find the equation of the pa
Let P (x1 y2) be a point on the rabola whose focus is (5,2)&
parabola vertex is (3,2) (2001)
given focal distance = 10 Sol Since y-coordinates of the
⇒ x1 + a = 10 focus, vertex are equal
x1 + 2 = 10 ⇒ x1 = 8 ∴ The axis of the parabola is
parallel to x - axis
But 2
y1 = 8 x1 ∴ Equation of the parabola is
2
y1 = 8(8) = 64
2
( y − β ) = 4a ( x − α )
∴ y1 = ± 8 2
a = SA = (5 − 3) + ( 2 − 2) = 2
2

∴ points on parabola (8,8),(8,-8)

2. Find the coordinates of the 2
∴ ( y − 2) = 8 ( x − 3)
point on the parabola y2 = 2x
5. Find the equation of the tangent
5 and the normal to the parabola
whose focal distance is
2 y2=8x at (2,4) (Mar-06)
(Mar-07,09 May-09) Given y 2 = 8 x
Sol Given parabola y 2 = 2 x equation of the tangent
 yy1 − 2a( x + x1 ) = 0
⇒ 4a = 8 y1 y2 = 2at.2at2 = 4a 2 (t1t2 ) = 4a 2 (−1) = −4a 2
y (4) − 4 ( x + 2) = 0 ⎛1 ⎞
8. If ⎜⎜⎜⎝ , 2⎠⎟⎟⎟ is one extrimity of a
⇒a = 2 2
Equation of the normal focal chord of a parabola y2 = 8x
− y1 find other extremity.
y − y1 = ( x − x1 ) (2010,2006)
2a
Sol y 2 = 8 x ⇒ 4a = 8
−4
y−4 = ( x − 2) a=2
4
x+ y−6 = 0 ⎛1 ⎞
Given (at1 , 2at1 ) = ⎜⎜⎜⎝ , 2⎠⎟⎟⎟
2

6. Find the equation of the normal 2

t o t h e p ar ab ol a y 2=4x which is
⇒ 2at1 = 2
parallel to y - 2x + 5 = 0
Sol Given parabola y2 = 4x 1
2 ( 2) t1 = 2 ⇒ t1 =
⇒ 4a = 4 ⇒ a = 1 2
Given line -2x + y +5 = 0 But P S Q is a focal chord
a (−2) ∴ t1t2 = −1
slope of the line= − = − =2
b 1 −1 −1
slope of Normal parallel to line ⇒ t2 = = = −2
t1 1
m=2
2
Equation of normal
y = mx + 2am - am3 ∴ other extremity
⇒ y = 2x + 2(1) (2) -(1) (2)3
y = 2x +4 -8
(at 2
2
(
, 2at2 ) = 2 (−2) , 2 (2)(−2)
2
)
2x - y -4 = 0 = (8,-8)
7. If (x1y1) and (x2, y2 ) are ends of 9. Find the value of ‘K’ if
2y = 5x +k touches the parabola
a focal chord of the parabola y 2 = 4ax y2 = 6x
S.T x1 x2 = a 2 y1 y2 = −4a 2 Sol Given parabola y2 = 6x
Sol ∴ P S Q are Collinear 3
∴ Slope of SP = Slope of SQ ⇒ 4a = 6 x ⇒ a =
2
o − 2at1 2at2 − o Given line
2
= 2
a − at1 at2 − a ⎛ 5⎞ ⎛k ⎞⎡ 5 k⎤
y = ⎜⎜⎜ ⎟⎟⎟ x + ⎜⎜⎜ ⎟⎟⎟ ⎢ m = C = ⎥
⎝ 2⎠ ⎝ 2 ⎠ ⎢⎣ 2, 2 ⎥⎦
−2at1 2at2
= ∵ line touches the parabola
a (1 + t1 )(1 − t1 ) a (t2 + 1)(t2 −1)
3
−2at1 2at2 a k 3
= C= ⇒ = 2 =
⇒ a (1 − t 2 ) a (t2 − 1)
2 ∴ m 2 5 5
1
2
2 2
⇒ − t1t2 + t1 = t2 − t1 t2 k 3
= ⇒ k = 6/5
2 2
t1t2 − t1t2 = t2 − t1 2 5

∴ x1 x2 = at1 .at 2 = a 2 (t1t 2 ) = a 2 (− 12 ) = a 2

2 2 2
 a 2 − b2 4b 2 − b 2 3b 2 3
ELLIPSE e= = = =
a2 4b 2 4b 2
2
1. Find the equation of the ellipse
whose axis are the co- ordinate. 4. Find the equation of the ellipse
axis respectively and distance referred to its major and minor
between the foci = 8. Distance axis as the co-ordinate axis x,y
between directrices = 32 respectively with latus rectum
(Mar-06,May-07) ‘4’ and distance between foci
Sol Distance. between foci = 8
2 ae = 8 ⇒ ae = 4 4 2 .
Distance between directrices = 32 Sol Ellipse is in standand form

2a a ⎛a⎞ 2b 2
= 32 ⇒ = 16 = (ae)⎜⎜⎜ ⎟⎟⎟ = 4 ×16 ∴ = 4 ⇒ 2b 2 = 4 a b 2 = 2a
e e ⎝e⎠ a
⇒ a 2 = 64 = a = 8 Distance between foci 2ae = 4 2
⇒ ae = 4 ae = 2 2
⇒ 8 (e ) = 4
But b 2 = a 2 (1 − e 2 )
1
⇒ e =
2 2a = a 2 − a 2 e 2

( )
2
But b 2 = a 2 (1 − e 2 ) 2a = a 2 − 2 2

⎛ 1⎞ 2a = a 2 − 8 ⇒ a 2 − 2a − 8 = 0
b 2 = 64 ⎜⎜1 − ⎟⎟⎟ = 48
⎜⎝ 4⎠ ⇒ ( a + 2)( a − 4) = 0
x2 y2 a = 4, a ≠ − 2
Equation Ellipse = + =1
64 48
a 2 = 16
2. Find the eccentricity of the
ellipse whose latus rectum is b 2 = 2 ( 4) = 8 ⇒ b 2 = 8
equalto half of its major axis.
x2 y 2
(M-2007) ∴ Equation Ellipse + =1
16 8
1
Sol Latus rectum = major axis. 5. Find the equation ellipse in
2 standard form. Whose distance be-
2b 2 1 tween foci is ‘2’ and length of latus
= (2a ) ⇒ 2b 2 = a 2
a 2 15
rectum is
2
a 2 − b2 2b 2 − b 2 b2 1 2b 2 15
e= = = = Sol = ⇒ 4b 2 = 15a
a 2
2b 2
2b 2
2 a 2
3. Find the eccentricity of the 2ae = 2 ⇒ ae = 1
ellipse whose latus rectum is equal to 2
4b = 15a
half of its minor axis
(March2010,May -2010) 4 ⎡⎢ a 2 (1 − e2 )⎤⎥ = 15a
⎣ ⎦
Sol Given
4 ⎡⎢ a 2 − (ae) ⎤ = 15a
2
2 ⎣ ⎥⎦
2b 1
= (2b ) ⇒ 2b 2 = ab ⇒ a = 2b
a 2 4a 2 − 4 = 15a
⇒ 4a 2 − 15a − 4 = 0
 (4a + 1)(a − 4) = 0 2ae = 42 − 02 = 4 ⇒ ae = 2
−1 Given e = 2
a = 4, a ≠
4 ∴ a ( 2) = 2 ⇒ a = 1
4b 2 = 15a b 2 = a 2 (e 2 − 1)
4b 2 = 15 ( 4) ⇒ b 2 = 15, a 2 = 16
b 2 = 1( 4 −1) = 3
b2 = 3
x2 y 2 ∴ Equation Hyperbola is
Equation of ellipse + =1
16 15 2 2

9. Find the equation of the

( x − 6) ( y − 2)
− =1
auxiliary circle of the ellipse 1 3
2. Find the equation of the hyper-
9 x 2 + 16 y 2 = 144
bola whose foci are (±5,0) , the
x2 y 2
Sol Given Ellipse + =1 transverse axis is of length ‘8’
16 9 (May-11)
a 2 = 16, b 2 = 9 Sol Transverse axis 2a = 8 ⇒ a = 4
Equation of Auxilary circle of
given Foci (±5,0) = (±ae, 0)
Ellipse
x2 + y 2 = a2 5
∴ ae = 5 ⇒ 4 (e) = 5 ⇒ e=4
x 2 + y 2 = 16
10. Find the equation of director ⎡ 25 ⎤
b 2 = a 2 (e 2 − 1) = 16 ⎢ − 1⎥
⎢⎣ 16 ⎥⎦
circle of 9 x 2 + 25 y 2 = 225
⎡9⎤
x2 y 2 = 16 ⎢⎢ ⎥⎥ = 9
Equation of Ellipse + =1 ⎣16 ⎦
25 9
∴ a 2 = 16 b 2 = 9
a 2 = 25 , b 2 = 9
Equation of director circle is ∴ Equation of Hyperbola
x 2 + y 2 = a 2 + b2 x2 y2
− =1
16 9
x 2 + y 2 = 25 + 9 = 34 4. Find the eq of the normal at
2 2
x + y = 34 π
θ= to the hyperbola 3x2-4y2=12
HYPERBOLA 3
1. Find the Equation of the hyper Sol eq of the normal
bola whose foci are (4,2) (8,2) ax by
+ = a 2 + b2
and eccentricity is 2. S ec θ T anθ

( March 2009) given 3 x 2 − 4 y 2 = 12

Sol
S
Foci are (4, 2), (8, 2)
S1
3x 2 4 y 2
− =1
12 12
∴ Centre is ‘C’ = Mid point of foci
x2 y 2
⎛ 4 + 8 2 + 2 ⎞⎟ ⎛ ⎞ − =1
⇒ C = ⎜⎜ , ⎟ = ⎜⎜6, 2⎟⎟ 4 3
⎝⎜ 2 2 ⎠⎟ ⎝ α , β ⎠⎟
⇒ a = 2, b = 3
2 2
2ae = (4 − 8) + (2 − 2)
[Distance between foci]
 3x2-y2=3a2
2x 3y
∴ eq of normal is + =7 9. Find the Equation of the
2 3 Tangent to the hyperbola
⇒ x+y=7 Flnd the Equation 3x2-4y2=12.Which makes Equal
of the tan gent to the Intercepts on the axes. (2005)
hyperbola
3x2-4y2=12.Which is x 2 y2
sol Given Hyperbola − =1
p ar al l el t o y =x - 7 . (May09-07) 4 3
a2=4,b2=3
x 2 y2
Given Hyperbola − =1 Equation of a line having Equal
4 3
x y
a2=4 intercepts + =1
b2=3 1 1
Given line x-y-7=0 Solpe of line m=-1
∵ Equation of Tangent having
−1 Equal Intercepts to Hyperbola
Slope of line m = =1
−1
Slope of Tangent paralle to the y = mx ± a 2m 2 − b 2
line m=1
y = (−1)x ± 4 ( −1) − 3
2
Equation of Tangent parallel to
the line of theHyperbola y = −x ± 1 ⇒ x + y ±1 = 0
y = mx ± a m − b 2 2 2 10. ST the angle between the
asymptotes of the hyprbola is
y = (1) x ± 4 (1) − 3
2
b
2Tan-1 .
a
y=x± 1 ∵ x − y ±1 = 0 Sol Equation of asymptotes are
7. Find the length of the latus
b b
rectum of the Hyperbola y=± x ∴m = ±
x2-4y2=4 (M-2008) a a
b −b
x 2 y2 m1 = , m2 =
Sol Given Hyperbola − =1 a a
4 1
a 2 = 4, b 2 = 1 a>b b b 2b
+
m − m2 a a a
∴ length of the latus rectum ∴ Tan θ = 1 =
1 + m1m 2 ⎛ b ⎞ ⎛ −b ⎞ = b2
2 (1) 1+ ⎜ ⎟⎜ ⎟ 1− 2
2b 2 ⎝a ⎠⎝ a ⎠ a
= = =1
a 2
2 (Tan α )
Tan θ = = Tan ( 2α )
8. Find the Equation of the hyper- 1 − (Tan α )
2

bola given length of Transvers axis’6’

and whose vertex bisects the distance b
between the center and the focus let Tan α =
a
Sol Let ‘C’ is center.A is the vertex,
⇒ θ = 2α
‘ S’ is focus
Given CA=AS ⎛b⎞
⇒ α = Tan−1 ⎜⎜ ⎟⎟⎟
⇒ 2a = ae ⎜⎝ a ⎠
⇒ e=2
⎛b ⎞
But b2=a2(e2-1)=a2(4-1)=3a2 ⇒ θ = 2Tan−1 ⎜⎜ ⎟⎟⎟
⎜⎝ a ⎠
2 2
∵ Eq of Hyperbola x − y =1 11. Find anlge between the asymp-
a 2 3a 2
totes of a rectangular hyperbola. Here a > b
sol Eccentricity of rectangle Hyper- Length of latus rectum
bola e = 2 2b 2 2× 48
= = =8
But angle between the a 12
aymptotes of rectangle hyperbola 15. If 3x-4y+k=0 is a tangent to
−1
θ = 2 sec e x 2-4y=5 find the value of ‘k’

= 2sec
−1
( 2) x2 y 2
− =1 ⇒
given x2-4y2=5 5 5
⎛π⎞ π
θ = 2 ⎜⎜ ⎟⎟⎟ = 4
⎜⎝ 4 ⎠ 2
Sol Tangent condition is
12. Find the equation of the
a 2l 2 − b 2 m 2 = n 2
hyperbola refferred to its axes
as coordinates whose distance 2 5 2
⇒ 5(3) − (−4) = k 2
between foci is 16 and eccen 4
tricity is 2 . ⇒ 45 − 20 = k 2
sol Since Hyperbola is in standard
⇒ k 2 = 25
position
∴ 2ae = 16 ⇒ k = ±5
ae = 16 (e = 2 ) 16. Find the eccentricity and latus
rectum of the hyperbola 4x2-9y2=27
∴a ( 2) = 8 ∴a=4 2 a2 = 32 Sol Given 4x2-9y2=27
But b2 = a2 (e2 – 1) 4x2 9 y2
⇒ − =1
b2 = 32 ( 2 – 1 ) = 32 27 27
∴ Equation of Hyperbola
x2 y2
2
x y2
⇒ − −1
− =1 27 27
32 32 4 9
13. If the angle between the asymp
totes of hyperbola is 300 then 2 27 27
Here a = b2 = =3, a>b
find its eccentricity. 4 9
sol We have angle between 1) eccentricity
asymptotes is 2sec–1(e)
∴ 2sec–1(e) = 300 27
+3
a 2 + b2 4 39
⇒ sec−1 (e) = 150 = =
e= a2 27 27
⇒ e = sec150 4
⇒e= 6− 2 2) Length latus rectum
14. Find the length of the latus
rectum of the hyperbola x2-3y2=144 2b 2 2.3 12
= =
Sol given x2-3y2=144 e= a 27 27
2
x2 y2
⇒ − =1 CIRCLES
144 144
3 1 If the Circle x2+y2+ax+by-12=0
has the center at(2,3),Then find
144
2
Here a2=144 and b = = 48 a,b and radius of the Circle
3 (2007-May,2009 may.2008Mar)
⇒ a=12 b2=48
Sol given Circle x2+y2+ax+by-12=0
9+4+8 21
⎛ −a −b ⎞ r = =
Center ⎜ , ⎟ = ( 2, 3 ) 16 4
⎝ 2 2 ⎠
5. Find a,b, If ax2+bxy+3y2-5x+2y-3=0
a b represents a Circle.Also find
⇒− = 2, − =3 radius and center
2 2
Sol If the given Eq represnt a circle
∴ a=–4 b=-6
(i) Coff x2=coff y2
∴ EQ’ becomes
x2+y2-4x-6y-12=0 (ii) Coff xy=0
C=(2,3) a=3 :b=0
3x2+3y2-5x+2y-3=0
∴ r = 4 + 9 + 12 = 25 = 5
5 2
2 If the Circle x2+y2-4x+6y+a=0 x2 + y2 − x + y −1 = 0
has radius 4 Then find ‘a’ 3 3
Sol center C=(2,-3) 5 −2
Center C 6 , 6
∴r = 4 + 9 − a −g −f

∴ 4 = 1 3−a
S.B.S 25 4 25+4+36 65
16=13-a ⇒ a=-3 r= + +1 = =
36 36 36 6
3. If x2+y2-4x+6y+c=0 represent a
Circle with radius ‘6’ then find c. 6. If x 2 + y 2 + 2 gx + 2 fy − 12 = 0 repre-
sol Centre c = (2, –3) sents a circle with center(2,3);
(March 2009) find g, f and its redius.(May-11)
given radius = 6 given circle is

⇒ 4 +9−a = 6 x 2 + y 2 + 2 gx + 2 fy − 12 = 0

⇒ 13 – a = 16 center(-g,-f)=(2,3)
⇒ a=–3 ⇒ g = −2, f = −3
4. Find the value of ‘a’ If
radius= g 2 + f 2 − c
2x2+ay2-3x+2y-1=0 represent
a Circle and also finds its radius = 4 + 9 + 12 = 25 = 5
Sol If th given Eq”reprsents a Circle 7. Find Eq of circle whose Extremi-
coeff of x2= coeff of y2 ties of a diameter are(1,2),(4,5)
∴ 2 =a ⇒ a=2 Sol Req Eq’ of circle is
∴ 2x2+2y2-3x+2y-1=0 (x-x1)(x-x2)+(y-y1)(y-y2)=0
3 1 (1,2),(4,5)
x2 + y2 − x +y − =0 (x1y1),(x2y2)
2 2
∴ (x-1)(x-4)+(y-2)(y-5)=0
⎛ 3 −1 ⎞ x2-4x-x+4+y2-5y-2y+10=0
Center c= ⎜ 4 , 2 ⎟
⎝ −g −f ⎠ ∴ x2+y2-5x-7x+14=0
8. Find the other end of the diam-
9 1 1 eter of a Circle
r = + +
16 4 2 x2+y2-8x+8y+27=0 If one
 end of it is (2,3) Sol Length of the Tange is s11
Let A(2,3)
B ( α, β )
= (3)2 + (3)2 + 6(3) + 18(3) + 26
Center c(4,4)
∴ C= Mid of AB
= 9+9+18+54+26 = 116Units
2+ α 3 + β⎞
( 4, 4 ) = ⎛⎜ , ⎟ 12. If x 2 + y 2 − 6x + 4y −12 = 0
⎝ 2 2 ⎠
represent a circule then find
2+α 3+β the parametric equation of the
4= , 4=
2 2 circle. (May-06,10)
Sol Centre (3,–2)
8 = 2 + α, 8 =3+β
r = 9 + 4 + 12 = 15
α = 6; β=5
other End B=(6,5) Parametric Equations
9. Find the Equation of the Circle x = h + r cos θ = 3 + 5cos θ
passing through (2,3) and con-
y = k + r sin θ = − 2 + 5 sin θ
centric with the Circle
x2+y2+8x+12y+15=0 13. Find the parametric equation of
the circle ( x − 3) + ( y − 4) = 82
2 2
center c(-4-g,-6-f)
Let the req”Concentric Circle is (March-11)
x2+y2+8x+12y+k=0 sol Give (h,k) = (3,4)
This passing through (2,3) r =8
22+32+8(2)+12(3)+k=0 ∴ equation’s
4+9+16+36+k=0 x = h + r cosθ
k=-65
= 3 + 8cosθ
Hence req Circle
y = k + r sin θ
x2+y2+8x+12y-65=0
10. Find the Equation of the Circle = 4 + 8sin θ
through the origen and having
14. Find the equation of the circle
centre at (-4,-3)
passing through (2,-1) and
(2002,2004,2010)
having centre at (2,3). (2008May)
0(0,0) centre c(-4,-3)
sol Let P(2,-1) centre C(2,3)
r = co = (0 + 4)2 + (0 + 3)2
r =CP
r = 16 + 9 = 25 = 5 2 2
= (2−2) +(−1−3)
Equation of theCircle
(x+4)2+(y+3)2=52
x2+16+8x+y2+9+6y-25=0 r = 0 + 42
x2+y2+8x+6y=0 = 16 = 4
11. Find the length of the tangent to r=4
the Circle x2+y2+6x+18y+26=0 ∴ Equation of Ole
from the point(3,3) 2 2
(March 2005) (x − 2) + (y − 3) = 42
 x 2 + 4 − 4x + y 2 + 9 − 6y − 16 = 0 a4
=
x 2 + y 2 − 4x − 6y − 3 = 0 2x1y1

15. Find the equation of the circle 18. Find the position of the point
with centre (-3,4) and touching p(1,5) with respect to the circle
y - axis. x 2 + y 2 − 2x − 4y + 3 = 0 (S =0)
Centre (3 , –2)= (α, β ) Sol Position of the point S11
Ole touching Y - axis 2 2
S11 = (1) + (5) − 2 (1) − 4 (5) + 3
∴ r =|α |=|−3|= 3
= 1 + 26 - 2 - 20 + 3 = 8 > 0
r = 3 C(-3,4)
Equation of circle
S11 > 0 P
2 2
(x + 3) + (y − 4) = 9
‘ p ‘ lies out side the circle
2 2
x + 9 + 6x + y + 16 − 8y − 9 = 0 19. Power of the point P(5,-6) w.r.to
x 2 + y 2 + 6x − 8y + 16 = 0 Ole x 2 + y 2 + 8x + 12y + 15 = 0
16. Find the value of ‘k’. If the (S=0)
length of the tangent from the 2 2
point (2,5) to the circle (s = 0) sol S11 = (5) +(−6) +8(5) +12(−6) +15

is equal to 37 (2006 May) = 25 + 36 + 40 - 72 + 15 = 44

sol Length of the tangent = ∴ S11 = 44
37
20. Find the polar of the point (1,2)
S11 = 37 w.r.to the circle x 2 + y 2 = 7
⇒ S11 = 37 P(1,2) S = x 2 + y2 − 7
2 2
⇒ (2) + (5) − 5(2) + 4(5) + k = 37 sol Equation of polar is S1 = 0
x(1) +y(2) - 7 = 0
⇒ 4 + 25 − 10 + 20 + k = 37
x +2 y - 7 = 0
⇒ 39 + k = 37 21. Show that the points (4,-2),
= 39 + k = 37 k = – 2 (3,-6) are conjugate w.r.to ole
17. Find the area of the traingle
formed with the coordinate axes x 2 + y 2 − 24 = 0 (Mar-04)
and the tangent drawn at the sol Let P(4,-2) Q(3,-6) are given
point (x1 , y1) on the circle (x1 , y1) (x2, y2) points
x2 + y 2 = a 2
sol Equation of the tangent Let S = x 2 + y 2 − 24 = 0
at (x1, y1) to If the given points are conjugate
The circle x2 + y2 = a2 is points w.r.to Ole S = 0
xx1 + yy1 − a 2 = 0 ⇒ S12 = 0
∴ area of the ∆ le formed with
To S.T ∴ x1x 2 + y1y2 − 24 = 0
2
c
Coordinate axes = (4)(3) + (−2)(−6) − 24
2|ab |
2
= 12 + 12 - 24
(a 2 ) = 24 - 24 = 0
=
2 | x 1y 1 |
∴ S12 = 0
 ∴ Given points are conjugate. ∴ Center C =
22. If (4,k) , (2,3) are conjugate ⎛
⎜⎜ c mc ⎞⎟⎟
points w.r.to ole ⎜⎜ , ⎟ c= 0
⎝ 1 + m 2 1 + m 2 ⎠⎟
x 2 + y 2 − 17 = 0 then find ‘k’
sol Let P (4,k) Q(2,3) –g, –f
x1 , y1 x2, y2points radius r =
2 2
S = x 2 + y 2 −17 ⎛ c ⎞⎟ ⎛ ⎞
⎜⎜ ⎟⎟ + ⎜⎜ mc ⎟⎟⎟ − 0
⎜⎜ ⎜
∴ The given points are conju- ⎝ 1 + m 2 ⎠⎟ ⎝⎜ 1 + m 2 ⎠⎟
gate
∴ S12 = 0 ⇒ x1x 2 + y1y 2 − r 2 = 0 c2 m 2c 2
∴r = +
1+ m2 1+ m2
= (4)(2) + (k )(3) −17 = 0
= 8 + 3k - 17 = 0 c 2 + m 2c 2
r = ∴r =
= 3k = 9 1+ m2
⇒k =3
c 2 (1 + m 2 )
23. Show that the points (4,2) (3,5) r = ∴r =
are conjugate points w.r.t circle 1+ m2
x 2 + y 2 − 3x − 5y + 1 = 0 (S= 0)
c2 = c
sol we have to S.T S12 = 0
∴r =c
−3 −5 AREA
g= ,f = ,c = 1
2 2 1. Find the area bounded by the
parabola y = x2. The x - axis and
( ) ( )
x1x 2 + y1y2 + g x1 + x 2 + f y1 + y 2 + c = 0
the lines x = –1 , x = 2 (2009)
9 25 2 2
= 12 - 10 - 6 -
2
-5+
2
+1 sol Req Area ∫ −1
ydx = ∫ x 2 dx
−1

24 − 20 − 12 − 9 − 10 + 25 + 2 2
⎡ x3 ⎤ ⎛ 23 ⎞ ⎛ −13 ⎞ 8 1 9
= = ⎢ ⎥ = ⎜ ⎟ − ⎜ ⎟ = + = = 3squnits
2
⎣ 3 ⎦−1 ⎝ 3 ⎠ ⎝ 3 ⎠ 3 3 3
51 − 51 2. Find the area enclosed between
= =0
2 the curve y = x3 + x , y =0, x = –
∴ S12 = 0 1, x=2. (May-05,10, March-2008,05)
∴ Given points are conjugate 2

24. Find the centre and radius of

sol Req area ∫ −1
ydx
the circle. (M-10) 2
⎡ x4 ⎤
∫ ( )
2
= x + 3 dx = ⎢ + 3x ⎥
3

1 + m 2 ( x 2 + y 2 ) − 2cx − 2mcy = 0 −1 ⎣4 ⎦−1

sol Div the circle by ⎞ ⎛ ( −1) ⎞

4
1 + m2 ⎛ 24
= ⎜⎝ 4 + 3 ( 2 ) ⎟⎠ − ⎜ + 3 ( −1) ⎟
⎝ 4 ⎠
2c 2mc
∴ x2 + y2 − x− y=0 ⎛ 16 ⎞ ⎛ 1 ⎞
= ⎜⎝ + 6⎟⎠ − ⎜⎝ − 3⎟⎠
2
1+ m 1+ m2
4 4
 ⎛ −11⎞ 11 51 1 ⎡ −2 2 ⎤ 1 ⎛ −4 ⎞ 2
=10 - ⎜⎝ ⎟⎠ = 10 + = squnit = ⎢ − ⎥ = ⎜ ⎟ = squnits
4 4 4 2 ⎣ 3 3⎦ 2⎝ 3⎠ 3
3. Find the area cut off between x 5. Find the area enclosed between
= 0 , x = 4 - y (Mar 2010,11)
2. the curves x =3, y2 =3x. (2009)
sol Put x = 0, then 0 = 4-y2 sol Put x = 3 ⇒ y 2 = 3 ( 3)
⇒ (2+4) (2-y) =0
y 2 = 9 ⇒ y = ±3
⇒ y = –2 , y = 2
y =-3 , y = +3
( 4 − y ) dy
2 2
∫ xdy = ∫ 2
Req Area
−2 −2 ⎛ y2 ⎞ 3
Req area = ∫−3 ⎜ 3 − dy
2 ⎝ 3 ⎟⎠
⎡ y3 ⎤
= ⎢4 y − ⎥
⎣ 3 ⎦ −2 3
⎛ y2 ⎞
3 ⎡ y3 ⎤
= 2∫0 ⎜ 3 − ⎟ dy = 2 ⎢ 3 y − ⎥
⎝ 3⎠ ⎣ 9 ⎦0
23 ⎞ ⎛ ( −2 ) ⎞
3
⎛
= ⎜⎝ 4 ( 2) − 3 ⎟⎠ − ⎜ 4 ( −2) − 3 ⎟ =
⎝ ⎠
⎡ ( 3) ⎤
3

⎛ 8⎞ ⎛ 8⎞ 16 16 2 ⎢ 3 ( 3) − ⎥ = 2 ( 9 − 3) = 12 sq.units
= ⎜⎝ 8 − ⎟⎠ − ⎜⎝ −8 + ⎟⎠ = + ⎢⎣ 9 ⎥⎦
3 3 3 3
6. Find the area enclosed between
32 the curves y=2-x2 , y = x2(2001)
= squnits
3 sol y=2-x2 , y = x2
4. Find the area cut off between x 2-x2 = x2
=0, 2x = y2 - 1. (2004)
⇒ 2 x 2 = 2 ⇒ x 2 = 1 ⇒ x = ±1
sol Put x = 0
⇒ 0 = y 2 − 1 ⇒ ( y + 1) ( y − 1) = 0 ∫ (y − y2 ) dx
1
Req area 1
−1
y =1 , y = -1
∫ ⎡⎣( 2 − x ) − x
1
= 2 2
⎤ dx
1⎛ y − 1⎞ 1
2 −1 ⎦
Req. area = ∫−1 xdy = ∫−1 ⎜ dy
⎝ 2 ⎟⎠
∫ ( 2 − 2x ) dx
1
2
=
−1

1⎡ 1 2
= ⎢ ∫
2 ⎣ −1
(
y −1 dy⎤
⎥⎦ ) = ∫
π
2
−π
π
f ( x ) dx = 2 ∫ 2 f ( x ) dx
0
2

1 ⎡⎛ y 3 ⎞ ⎤
1
1
⎡ 2 x3 ⎤
= 2 ⎢ ⎜⎝ 3 − y ⎟⎠ ⎥ ( )
1
⎢⎣ −1 ⎥
= 2∫ 2 − 2x dx = 2 ⎢ 2 x −
2
⎥
⎦ 0 ⎣ 3 ⎦0

1 ⎧⎪⎛ 13 ⎞ ⎛ ( −1) ⎞ ⎫⎪ ⎡ 2⎤ ⎛ 4⎞ 8
3

− 1 − − ( )⎟ ⎬
− 1 = 2 ⎢ 2 − ⎥ = 2 ⎜⎝ ⎟⎠ = squnits
= 2 ⎨⎜⎝ 3 ⎟⎠ ⎜ 3 ⎣ 3⎦ 3 3
⎪⎩ ⎝ ⎠ ⎭⎪
7. Find the area under the curve
1 ⎧ −2 ⎛ −1 ⎞ ⎫ y =sinx in [ 0, 2π ] (May-2009]
= ⎨ − ⎜ + 1⎟⎠ ⎬
2⎩ 3 ⎝ 3 ⎭ sol Req area
 2π π 2π
⎛8 ⎞ ⎛ −1 ⎞
∫ 0
sin xdx = ∫ sin xdx − ∫ sin xdx
0 π = ⎜⎝ − 4 + 6⎟⎠ − ⎜⎝ − 1 − 3⎟⎠
3 3
= [ − cos x ] 0 − [ cos x ]π
π 2π

⎛ 8 ⎞ ⎛ −1 ⎞
= ⎜⎝ + 2⎟⎠ − ⎜⎝ − 4⎟⎠
(
= − cos π − cos 0 0 − ( cos 2π − cos π ) ) 3 3

=(1+1)-[-1-1] 14 13 27
= + = = 9 sq.units
=2-(-2) =2+2 =4 3 3 3
8. Find the area between the 10. Find the area under the curve
p ar ab ol a y =x 2,and the line y = cos xin [ 0, 2π ]
y =2x
⎡ π ⎤ ⎡ 3π ⎤
sol cos x ≥ 0 x ∈ ⎢ 0, ⎥ ∪ ⎢ , 2π ⎥
(2,4) ⎣ 2⎦ ⎣ 2 ⎦

⎡ π 3π ⎤
sol y = x ----(1) 2
(0,2)
and cos x ≤ 0 x ∈ ⎢ ⎥
⎣2 2 ⎦
∴ Req
y= 2x ------(2) π 3π
2π 2π

⇒ x − 2x = 0 2
∫ 0
cos xdx = ∫ cos xdx − ∫ cos xdx + ∫3π cos xdx
0
2
π
2
2

⇒ x ( x − 2) = 0 , x = 0, x =2
π 3π

= [ sin x ] 02 − [ sin x ] π + [ sin x ] 3 π

2π
x = 0, y = 0 , x = 2 , y = 4 2
2
∴ Two curve intersect at 2

(0,0)(2,4)
⎛ π 0⎞ ⎛ 3π π⎞ ⎛ 3π ⎞
= ⎜⎝sin −sin0 ⎟⎠ −⎜⎝sin −sin ⎟⎠ +⎜⎝sin2π −sin ⎟⎠
∫ (y − y2 ) dx
2
∴ Req area = 2 2 2 2
1
0
= (1-0)-(-1-1)+(0-(-1)
∫ ( 2x − x ) dx
2
= 2
=1-(-2)+1 = 1+2 +1 =4
0
11. Find the area of the region
⎡ x 2 x3 ⎤ 8 4
2
enclosed by the curves
= ⎢ 2 − ⎥ = 4 − = squnits y =ex , y =x , x = 0 , x = 1
⎣ 2 3 ⎦0 3 3

( )
1
9. Find the area enclosed between sol Req area = ∫ e x − x dx
0
the curves y =x2 + 1 , y= 2x - 2 ,
x =-1 , x =2 (2003) ⎡ x x2 ⎤
1

= ⎢e − ⎥
∫ (y − y2 ) dx
2
sol Req area = ⎣ 2 ⎦0
1
−1

⎛ 1 1⎞ ⎛ 0 0⎞
∫ ⎡⎣( x )
2
= 2
+ 1 − ( 2 x − 2) ⎤⎦dx = ⎜⎝ e − ⎟⎠ − ⎜⎝ e − ⎟⎠
−1 2 2

∫ (x )
2
= 2
− 2 x + 3 dx ⎛ 1⎞ 3
−1 = ⎜⎝ e − ⎟⎠ − 1 = e − squnits
2 2
2
⎡ x3 2 x 2 ⎤
= ⎢ − + 3x ⎥
⎣3 2 ⎦ −1